Upelo "ngaphandle kokuchasa." Indlela echanileyo - kunye kunye okanye ngokwahlukileyo?

Kunzima ukuthetha ukuba kutheni imigaqo elula yesiRashiya iphakamisa imibuzo eninzi phakathi kwabemi belizwe lethu. Mhlawumbi bafuna ukunyanzela ubomi babo. Ngaphandle koko, indlela yokuchazela ukuba inani elikhulu labantu abanalo ncamnye ingcamango yokubhala ngokufanelekileyo amagama athi "ungayiphikisi" kwaye "ungacingi." Kule nxu lumene, kule nqaku, sinqwenela ukubonisa imigaqo yokupeliswa ye-particle "kungekhona" ngezenzi kunye ne-gerund.

Yintoni isenzi?

Isenzi siyinxalenye yentetho ebonisa isenzo okanye imeko yento kwaye uphendula imibuzo "yintoni oyenzayo?" Okanye "yintoni oyenzayo?".

Isenzi sinokuthi singaguquguquki kwaye sihlale sisisigxina kwaye singaguquki. Ngokuqhelekileyo kwisivakalisi, le nxalenye yentetho ichazwa njengesigidimi. Nasi umzekelo: Ivan waya ehlathini ngamakhowe . Kule meko, igama elithi "Ivan" (ngubani?) Ingaba kunjalo, kodwa "waya" (yintoni na?) - isingqinisiso.

Isenzi ngesiRashiya

Upela njani igama elithi "ungacingi": kunye kunye okanye ngokwahlukileyo? Ngaphambi kokuba uphendule lo mbuzo, kuthethwe ukuba ngolwimi lwesiRashiya izenzi zinezixhobo ezi-7 zegrama, oku:

• Ukunyuka;
• Jonga;
• Ixesha;
• Inani;
• Umntu (kuphela nje ixesha elidlulileyo);
• Isithembiso;
• Uhlobo (kuphela kungekho ikamva kunye nelikhoyo).

Kufuneka kwakhona kuqatshelwe ukuba ukudibanisa ngamanye amaxesha kwamkelwa njengento ehlukile.

Ngenxa yobuninzi beefom, abaninzi abantu banemibuzo eninzi malunga nokupeliswa kwezenzi. Omnye wabo ngulo lulandelayo: njani ngokuchanekileyo ukubhala "andiyikhumbuli"? Ukuze uphendule, kuyimfuneko ukukhumbula umgaqo ngokupeliswa kwepeyinti "kungekhona" nale nxalenye yentetho.

Igama elithi "ningacingi": kunye kunye okanye ngokwahlukileyo?

I-particle engafanelekanga "ngekhona" ngeentsenzi (ngokungapheliyo, kwifom yomntu siqu, kunye nangendlela yegerund) ihlala ichaneka ngokwahlukileyo. Makhe sinike umzekelo: andingazi, andifuni, andiyi kukhawuleza, musa ukukhawuleza, njalo njalo.

Nangona kunjalo, ulwimi lwesiRashiya lukhulu, kwaye ngokuqhelekileyo luqulethe izenzi apho inqumle "ingekho" ibhaliwe kunye. Makhe sinike umzekelo: ukuthukuthela, ukungavumi, ukungabonakali, njalonjalo.

Ngoko kutheni umthetho othi "hayi" kunye nezenzi njalo usibhaliwe ngokwahlukileyo, awusebenzi apha? Inyaniso kukuba onke amagama angentla angenaye "ayifumanekanga" ayasetyenziswa. Ukuqinisekisa ukuba oku, siya kuzama ukususa i-particle kwaye sitsho ngokuzwakalayo: "ukwenza", "ukuphucula", "ukuhamba". Njengoko ubona, akukho magama anjalo kwiilwimi zesiRashiya zanamhlanje, oko kuthetha ukuba badibaniswe "kungekhona".

Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba le yodwa yinto echaphazelekayo ngokupeliswa kwepeyinti "kungekhona" ngeentsenzi.

Ngokusekelwe kuzo zonke ezi ngasentla, unokukwazi ukuphendula ngokulula umbuzo wendlela yokupela igama elithi "ungacingi." Njengoko uyazi, iphendula umbuzo othi "ndenzani na?". Ngenxa yoko, isenzi esinawo umntu wokuqala, uhlobo olungaphelelekanga, umnikelo kunye kunye. Ngenxa yokuba leli gama liyasetyenziswa ngokubanzi ngaphandle kwenqanawa "kungeyiyo", ayinayo yoluhlu lwangaphandle. Yaye ukuba ubuzwa ukuba ungabhala njani "ungakhathazeki", zive ukhululekile ukuphendula loo nto.

Ezinye iimpawu zesipelingi zegama

Ngoku uyazi ulwazi malunga nendlela yokubhala igama "ungacingi." Nangona kunjalo, eli binzana lenza ukuba uninzi lwabantu kunye neminye imibuzo enxulumene nokudibanisa okanye ukupela isipelingi ". Ngokomzekelo, abantu abaninzi banomdla kuba kutheni kubonakala ukuba akunakwenzeka ukubhala eli lizwi ngale ndlela: "ANGIKHULU"? Ingongoma kukuba le ntsenzi iqulethwe ngamacandelo alandelayo:

• Iingqungquthela "wo". Yingakho kuya kulungile "kungekhona i-vozrazhayu", kuba isiqalo esithi "i-vase" ngesiRashiya asikho.
• Umsuka "ulaka". Yingakho kuya kuchaneka "ungafuni". Nangona kunjalo, oku kuyenzeka ukuba igama linikezwe "akuthinteli" (izifanisi: ungakhathazeki, uyavuma, njl.). Ukuba ngumbuzo wokuzalwa kwezinto okanye umntu, ngoko ingcambu iya kuba "rozh", oko kukuthi, "Ndiya kukhula".
• Isixande -a-.
• Isiphelo sokuphela sam.

"Hayi" okanye "akukho"?

Indlela yokubhala "ungakhathazeki" kuyo yonke imithetho, uyazi. Nangona kunjalo, abanye abantu bayakwazi ukubeka i-particle "kungekhona" endaweni ye-particle "ayikho". Ukungabaza kule nto okanye ukuba ukusetyenziswa kweengqungquthela ezingalunganga kuxazululwe ngokubhekiselele komnye umthetho olula. Makhe siqwalasele ngokubanzi: i-particle "ni" isetyenziselwa kuphela kwisigxina kumagatya athile ukuze kuqiniswe ukunganyaniseki. Isenzi sohlobo olugqibeleleyo "Ndiyayiphika" inelisekile kwaye ayidingi ukukhuliswa okongeziweyo. Kulo nxu lumano, kubalulekile ukuba ubhale "Andiyithinteli".

Ukudibanisa

Unokufunda malunga nendlela yokupela i-particle "engekho" ngeenzi, ukusuka kwicandelo langaphambili le nqaku. Nangona kunjalo, inani elikhulu labafundi besikolo kunye nabantu abaye bafunda ixesha elide kwiziko lemfundo jikelele banomdla kumbuzo wokubhala njani igama "ngaphandle kokuphikisa." Ngokuvisisanayo, ezi zimbini zifana kakhulu. Kodwa zona zihlala kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zokuthetha.

Inkcazo

I-gerundive yinxalenye ezimeleyo yentetho, ebonisa isenzo esongezelelweyo kwisenzo esele sisisiseko esele sikhona. Ngamanye amaxesha ngesiRashiya, inxaxheba ekuthethwa ngomlomo kuthiwa ifomu ekhethekileyo yesenzi. Kwakungekho nengozi, kuba le nxalenye yentetho idibanisa zonke iimpawu zayo (ukuphindaphinda, ukubonakala kunye nokuguquka). Ukongezelela, kukho izibhengezo zentengiso kwisithintelo somlomo (indima yokwenziwa komsebenzi, imeko engaguqukiyo). Inxalenye yentetho iyaphendula imibuzo: "Wenzani na?", "Wenzani na?" Kwaye "njani?". Makhe sibone umzekelo: "Emva kokutsho njalo, washiya," "xa exelela, walala," "ngaphandle kokuphikisa, wahlala ethule."

Izibhengezo zesiRashiya

Kwimvelaphi yayo, i-gerundive ithatha inxaxheba emfutshane ifom ye- sacrament. Kwilizwi elidala lesiRashiya, lakhiwa ngenxa yokulahlekelwa kweefom of declension. Nangona kunjalo, le nxalenye yentetho iphantse yonke impawu yesenzi.

Ngaphambili, kwakukholelwa ukuba i-gerund ibonisa kuphela isenzo esipheleleyo (umzekelo, "emva kokutsho njalo, washiya", "ekubona oko, wakhala", njl.). Kodwa namhlanje le nxalenye yentetho isetyenziswe kwifom, eyakhiwa kwisenzi esicatshulwayo.

Makhe sibone umzekelo: ukulambela ukulambile, uhlamba - uhlambulule, usondele - uyasondela kunye nokunye.

Upelo lwezandla ezithatha inxaxheba

Upela njani igama elithi "ukungafuni" - ngokwahlukileyo okanye kunye? Lo mbuzo unomdla abantu abaninzi abafuna ukubhala ileta okanye itekisi ngokufanelekileyo. Ukuze uphendule, umntu kufuneka akhumbule umthetho olula ngokubhala i-particle negative "hhayi" kunye ne-gerunds. Makhe siqwalasele ngokubanzi.

Upela njani i-particle ye "not" kunye ne-gerund? Njengoko kwimeko yesenzi-ngokwahlukileyo, oko kukuthi, "ukuphikisa." Umthetho ofanayo usebenza kwamanye amagama aphendule imibuzo "wenzani na?", "Wenzani na?".

Ngoko, i-particle engafanelekanga "ayikho" kunye ne-gerund isoloko ibhaliwe ngokwahlukileyo. Nasi umzekelo: "Ngaphandle kokuphumla, waya ehlathini," "engadli isidlo, waqala ukusebenza," "engaqapheli umlindi, wahamba phambili . "

Nangona kunjalo, kufuneka kuphawulwe ukuba ngolwimi lwesiRashiya kukho i-gerund enjalo, enokuthi "ayikho" into engafanelekanga ebhaliweyo kunye. Makhe siqwalasele ukuba zeziphi iimeko ezenzekayo:

• Ingqungquthela "engekho" kunye ne-gerund ibhaliwe kunye, ukuba le nxalenye yentetho ibunjwa kwisenzi esingasetyenziswanga ngaphandle "kungekhona". Umzekelo, ukuzonda, ukuthukuthela, ukuphazamisa nokunye. Wonke amagama aphakanyisiwe aphuma kwizenzi: ukuzonda, ukuthukuthela, ukuphazamiseka, ezingasetyenziswanga ngomlomo okanye ngentetho ebhaliweyo ngaphandle kweengqungquthela "kungekhona."
• Ingqungquthela "engekho" kunye ne-gerund ibhaliwe kunye, ukuba le nxalenye yentetho isakhiwe kwisenzi, esinesiqalo esingekho. Umzekelo: ukuzaliseka, ukufumana ubuthongo obaneleyo (i-underfill, nedosypat) .

Ukuqhubela phambili kuzo zonke ezi ngasentla, sinokugqiba ngokugqibeleleyo ukuba igama elithi "ukungafuni" libhalwa ngokwahlukileyo. Emva koko, yintlobo engaphelelekanga eyenza umbuzo othi "kwenze ntoni?". Ngendlela, eli gama lisesimo esipheleleyo sichazwa ngokwehlukileyo: "ungafuni."

Masibhale iziphumo

Ukuze ubhale ileta okanye naluphi na umbhalo ngokuchanekileyo, kufuneka ukhumbule yonke imithetho ekhankanywe apha ngasentla, eya kukunceda ukuba ubhale indlela yokubhala inqaku elincinci "kungekhona" ngegerunds kunye nezenzi (kunye kunye okanye ngokwahlukileyo). Ukuququzelela lo msebenzi, kucetyiswa ukuba uzenzele uhlobo lwetafile, apho ungenza amanqaku alandelayo:

I-particle "ayikho" ibhaliwe ngokwahlukileyo:

• Ngezibalo (umzekelo: awunabini);
• Ngeentsenzi (umzekelo: ayengazi);
• Ngezichazi ezimfutshane, ezinomthunzi wembopheleleko (umzekelo: akusibophezelo, akudingeki, njl.);
• Ngomagama wezichazi ezikwinqanaba eliqhathanisayo (umzekelo: ungagcini);
• Ngaliphi na amagama, ukuba kukho inkcaso yenyunyana "i" (umzekelo: awukho umlambo obanzi, kodwa umncinci);
• Ngaliphi na amagama ngokunyuka kokunyuka: akukho mntu, kungekhona, akunjalo, kungekhona, kungekho nonke (umzekelo: kude nabantu abonwabileyo);
• Ngamazwi anengqiqo (umzekelo: kungekhona emoyeni, kungekhona kunye naye, kungekhona kumandla, kungekhona kumntu).

I-particle "ayikho" ibhaliwe kunye:

• Izichazi zezivakalisi eziphela -my (umzekelo: ezizimeleyo);
• Ngamazwi angasetyenziswanga ngaphandle "kungenjalo" (umzekelo: ongenakunqandwa, ongazi);
• Ngamazwi angatshintshwa yintetho yesigama okanye ukunika uphawu olulinganiswa nento ethile (umzekelo: unempilo - ogulayo, njl.);
• Kwizivakalisi ezicacileyo (into ethile, umntu, njl);
• Kwizenzi ezinomxholo ongaphantsi kwe-- ihi leyo inika intsingiselo yokungaphelelanga kwezenzo (ungaphantsi, uphuhliso lwangaphantsi, njl.).