Iyintoni amandla esi sihlwele?

"Okhlokratiya" ligama elithetha amandla esihlwele. Le ngcamango yavela kuqala kwaye yakhula ngokukhawuleza kwifilosofi yaseGrisi yamandulo. Igama elithi "amandla esihlwele" lalihambelana nencazelo yegama elithi "idemokhrasi".

Okhlokratiya - "intando yesininzi"

Ukucacisa imeko encinane, masibuyele kwiimbono zikaPlato. Ngokwemfundiso yakhe, kukho iindlela ezintathu zorhulumente:

• U kumkani;
• Aristocracy;
• IDemokhrasi.

Namhlanje wonke umntwana ofunda esikolweni uyazi ukuba uhlobo lolawulo lwentando yesininzi lukarhulumente lulungele uluntu, kodwa iingqondo ezingcono kakhulu zangexesha elidlulileyo zinombono olwahlukileyo.

Iifom zamandla kumaxesha amandulo

Kwimfundiso yombuso kunye nomthetho wanamhlanje, ubukhosi buhlukaniswe ngumgaqo-siseko, ngokupheleleyo, njl. Kodwa ngexesha lexesha elidlulileyo, lakwahlukana libe ngumthetho (okhokelwa ngukosi) kunye noogonyamelo, ekhokelwa ngumtyholi. Ngako oko igama elithi "tyranny" lavela. Yintoni, e neneni, iyafana nokuqonda kwethu nge-absolutism.

I-Aristocracy iyinamandla yabambalwa. UbuKristu bokwenyaniso bulawulo lwabantu abalungileyo. Kwaye, ngokubhekiselele kwizinto ezikhanyayo zokuqala, oko kukuchanekileyo "uhlobo oluchanekileyo" lukaRhulumente olwenza uluntu luphumelele. Enye ifomu yi-oligarchy, okanye amandla okubi kakhulu.

Kwaye ekugqibeleni, idemokhrasi yahlukana yaba ngumthetho kunye nomthetho. Le nxalenye yokugqibela yayibizwa ngokuthi "ochlocracy", okanye ugonyamelo, amandla okudemokhrasi. Namhlanje u-ochlocracy - amandla esihlwele. Ngaphambili - le yinye ifomu karhulumente. Nangona kunjalo, njenganamhlanje, eli gama linokuhlolwa kakubi.

Aristotle kwi-ochlocracy

Ngokuka-Aristotle, u-ochlocracy akayena nje amandla esi sihlwele, kodwa ukubonakaliswa okuphambeneyo kwintando yesininzi.

Umcebisi unika umzekelo okhonkco kwiimbali, xa amandla esi sihlwele, okanye njengoko ekuthiwa "isihlwele esiqhelekileyo", sichaphazela kakubi imeko yezoqoqosho kunye nezopolitiko yomgaqo-nkqubo. Isifundo kukulawula kwePericles eAthens. Iincwadi zembali zanamhlanje zibiza ngokukhawuleza ngeli xesha lwedemokhrasi. Kodwa abantu abaqondayo belo xesha babenombono ohlukileyo. Ukususa abantu "abalungileyo" (ukuchazwa kwangoku "kweengcali"), "isihlwele esiqhelekileyo" saqala ukulawula ilizwe. Ngubani ngokuthe ngqo oko waphendula - ukhethe inkatho.

Imiphumo yendalo: ukugqitywa ngokupheleleyo kophuhliso lwezoqoqosho kunye nezopolitiko, ukunyuka kobungqina kunye nokuxolisa. Isiphumo sinye-amandla esihlwele, okanye u-ochlocracy, njengoko ukubonakaliswa okuphezulu kwedemokhrasi kuyingozi kumntu wonke ngokubanzi.

Imizekelo 'yentando yesininzi'

Unokuqonda iingcali zenzululwazi zasendulo. Cinga nje okwesibini ukuba zonke izikhundla kuluntu zisasazwa ngamaqashiso. Umzekelo, umntu oye wenza umsebenzi wokulungisa imoto yonke ebomini bakhe, ngokukhawuleza waba ngumphathi jikelele welokulima kwelungelo. Akunzima ukuqagela ukuba ubuninzi bokungcola kwoshishino oluphuhlisiweyo lwezoqoqosho luphezulu kakhulu. Ngoku kuyaqondakala ukuba kutheni abaphengululi bexesha elidlulileyo babekholelwa ukuba intando yesininzi ekubonakalweni kwayo ngakumbi kunokuba yinto ehamba phambili - masikhumbule, eli lizwi elichazwa ngamandla esihlwele, okanye, ngokwemihla yamanqanaba, ulawulo lwabantu abangabasebenzi.

Yingakho i-aristocracy, ngokombono wabo, yindlela efanelekileyo kakhulu yokulawulwa koluntu, ekubeni ihamba ngeengqondi, izazi zolwazi. Ngenxa yobulungisa, abaninzi banokuthabatha inani lamatyala xa abazali abaphumelelayo beyeke ama-dollar-dollar yabo kubantwana babo emva kokufa. Bambalwa babo baqhubeka bezoshishino. Bonke abanye, njengomthetho, bachithe okanye ba thengise la mabhizinisi ngenxa yokungabi namsebenzi, ukungakwazi ukulawula.

Imizekelo ye-ochlocracy eRashiya

Ngelishwa, izifundo zembali zihlala zikhohliwe. Masikhumbule imicimbi yokuguquguquka eRashiya, xa amandla esi sihlwele athatha ngo-1917. Umkhosi wawungenakukhubazeka, uqoqosho lwaqala ukuhlukana, kwakukho indlala engaxhunyiwe kwizoqoqosho ngokweMfazwe Yehlabathi yokuqala. Ingxaki ifika xa abantu abangayazi izinto ezisisiseko zikaRhulumente, amandla karhulumente, bema entloko yelizwe.

Ithini amandla esi sihlwele namhlanje? I-ochlocracy, ephethe intsingiselo ejulile. Kwimpilo yezopolitiko yanamhlanje , le fomu ibonakaliswe ngamaxesha enzima. Ngexesha leminyaka yokuguqulwa, iimfazwe zengqungquthela, ngexesha loorhulumente benguqu. Ngaloo ndlela, namhlanje, i-ochlocracy, njengasekuqaleni, inomntu ongeyonto.

Iimpawu zohlu lwakutshanje

• Ukungafani kwekhosi yezopolitiko, ukungabi nako ukungaqiniseki, ukunyanzeliswa kwezigqibo zezopolitiko, ukuphakanyiswa kwabantu, iingcamango ezingafaniyo.
• Ukukhawuleza kwezomnotho. Ithuba lokungazinzi libeka isohlwayo kude kunye nabatyalo-mali. Amashishini amashishini amadala, njengomthetho, avaliwe, kwaye abantu bezoshishino balinde amaxesha angcono kwaye bafuna amanye amazwe anokuthula.
• Ukuphakama ngokukhawuleza kwinqanaba lolwaphulo-mthetho. Nangona imisebenzi yamagosa amakhulu okanye imfazwe yoluntu inokwenzeka. I-Anarchy ihlala ivelisa ubundlobongela nentlupheko.

• Ixesha elifutshane lokuphila. Abantu bakhathala ngayo yonke le nto, ngoko ke izihlandlo zokutshatyalaliswa kwemibutho kunye nokungqinelana, njengokulawula, ngokukhawuleza kupheliswe yimigangatho yomlando wabantu. Enyanisweni, umntu unokukhumbula ukuxabana okuqhubekayo phakathi neMfazwe Yeminyaka Elikhulu, xa igazi laphela iminyaka engaphezu kwekhulu. Kodwa lo umzekelo ohluke kancinane, obonisa iimeko ezintle kwixesha lexesha kunengxaki yezopolitiko eYurophu.
• Ukongeza kwi -1917 revolution , iziganeko ezifanayo zenzeka ngokuphindaphindiweyo kwilizwe lethu. Ngokomzekelo, kwabonakala ngexesha leengxaki ekuqaleni kwekhulu le-17 leminyaka. Ukuqhutyelwa kweentlalo kunye namandla esi sihlwele kukhokelela ekubeni iminyaka engama-15 ilizwe liqhubekele kwiingxabano zeemfazwe kunye neenguqulelo.

Iimbangela zokuhamba

Amandla kwesi sihlwele akusiyo nje into ebonakalayo ebonakalayo ngokukhawuleza, njengengqungquthela ebhakabhaka phakathi kohlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Ukubonakaliswa kwe-ochlocracy kudibene neemeko ezininzi. Ngokuqhelekileyo kuvela kwingxaki yezopolitiko karhulumente ngoku. Abantu abakholelwa kwaye bathatha ukulawula ezandleni zabo. Abanye banomdla, abanye bazama ukuthatha inzuzo ngokukhawuleza. Kodwa isiphumo sisoloko sinye-ukutshatyalaliswa kobomi bezopolitiko, ezoqoqosho nezentlalo karhulumente.

Ochlocracy emva kokuwa kweManyano

Oku kuya kubonakala eRussia emva kokuwa kwe-USSR. Ngokusemthethweni, i-ochlocracy yayiza kubonakala ngokukhawuleza, kwiminyaka yokuqala emva kokuwa, ekubeni yonke inkqubo yezopolitiko kweli lizwe laphela ngokupheleleyo, kwaye enye ayizange ifike kwindawo yayo. Kodwa kufuneka sihlawule umlawuli wezopolitiko onamandla ngaleso sikhathi-uBoris N. Yeltsin. Enyanisweni, abantu bayayiphendula ngokumalunga namhlanje ngalo. Iimpazamo ezininzi zenziwa emva koko. Kodwa inyaniso yokuba ilizwe alizange lihlonywe kwi-civil, imfazwe yamazwe ngamazwe kwiRashiya kuphela yesikweletu sakhe.

Ukubona inkokeli enamandla kwiminyaka engama-90 yekhulu lokugqibela, abaninzi baye balahla imbono yokulwa ne-Moscow. Kodwa izenzo ezalandelayo zabasemagunyeni, ukunyuka kwamaxabiso, ukungabikho kwamashishini okungafanelekanga, ukungabikho kwamandla olawulo olomeleleyo kumthetho kwaholela ekuhlaleni. Njengoko sele kukhankanywe ngasentla, amandla esi sihlwele abizwa ngokuba yi-ochlocracy. Le ngcamango ibonakaliswe ngokucacileyo ngeli xesha.

Iimpawu ezahlukileyo ze-ochlocracy eRashiya

Ezi zilandelayo zingabonakala:

• Ukukhula kolwaphulo-mthetho, ulwaphulo-mthetho. Ngaphandle kokuthanda kwepolitiki kunye nokutshabalalisa, urhulumente uthatha indawo yoluhlu lolwaphulo-mthetho ngokurhafuza nokurhweba lonke uqoqosho lwelizwe. Abantu babengesabi ukushiya iinkonzo zerhafu, kodwa babesaba ukuba bangayihlawuli loo nto kuthiwa uphahla, ulwaphulo-mthetho. Uxanduva loLuntu, ubulungisa bezentlalo akuzange kubangele abashishini belo xesha. Kodwa ziya kuqondwa. Xa inkohlakalo ingabonakali, xa abantu bengakholelwa ukuba imali iya kwi-treasury, ngoko, ngokwemvelo, bambalwa abantu baya kukholelwa loo mandla.
• Ukungabikho kwezimpesheni, imivuzo kwinqanaba lebhajethi, inzuzo yoluntu. Akunzima ukuqagela oko oku kukhokelela kuyo. Abantu basinda njengoko banako.
• Ukunyamekela kwintsimi yezoshishino ezingekho mthethweni Ngaphandle kokungabikho kwempembelelo yee-arhente zezoqoqosho kunye ne-arhente yokunyanzeliswa komthetho kunye neentengiso ezivulekileyo zenkohlakalo, akuzange kumangalise.
• Imigango kunye "nokuhlawulela." Ewe, bambalwa kakhulu abantu bakholelwa kwiinkundla ezinyanisekileyo. Wonke umntu ugwetywa ngokulinganayo nombono wakhe wobulungisa. Ngokuqhelekileyo oku kwakhokelela ekuphenduleni ukhenketho kunye neemfazwe zengingqi eziqhubekayo phakathi kwabantu malunga nomdemokhrasi wenkululeko "iliso ngeliso, inyo ngezinyo."

Isihlwele njengobonakaliso obunzulu bokuthutha

Ingxaki kukuba isihlwele esingalawulekiyo asinayo iinjongo ezithile. Kuhlala njalo. Azinaso izicwangciso ezicacileyo. Yintoni eya kuyenza isinyathelo esilandelayo, ixazululwe okwesikhashana. Inyaniso yokuba amandla esi sihlwele abizwa ngokuba yi-antiarchy eyaziwa kakhulu kwezobuchwepheshe bezobupolitika. Ukubonakaliswa kwe-ochlocracy kwinqanaba elincinci lingaqwalaselwa ngexesha lokwenziwa kwamanye amaqhawe ebhola bebhola, umzekelo, kunye nakwii-pickets zokuthula kunye nemiboniso. Kukho nexesha elikhethekileyo elithi "provocateurs kwisihlwele". Laba ngabantu abavakalelwa kukuba "ukufudumala" kwesihlwele kwaye banokuyiqondisa ngokufanelekileyo kwisiza esinobudlova.

Iziganeko ezifanayo zibonwa kwiintlanganiso zezopolitiko kwi-Bolotnaya Square eMoscow. Kodwa uMphathiswa wezeMicimbi yangaphakathi wazi kwangaphambili malunga nezo zinto zikhuselekileyo kwaye wazivalela ngexesha. Uyakhumbula i-pogrom yabalandeli ngo-2002 eMoscow, xa, emva kokutshatyalaliswa kweqela lebhola lebhola lebhola laseRussia, amawaka abantu baye bachitha nokutshabalalisa yonke into endleleni yabo. Namhlanje kuyaziwa ukuba phakathi kwabo kukho iiprovocers ezikhethekileyo eziye zacwangcisa loo mqulu.

Ngoko-ke, masiqokelele: amandla esi sihlwele abizwa ngokuba yi-ochlocracy, kodwa eqinisweni yinto ebanzi kakhulu kwaye eninzi.