Ixesha Paleogene - ixesha ukubunjwa ezincancisayo. Paleogene uphawu

Ezinye maxesha ka zejoloji imbali komhlaba, i Paleogene, i Devonian, Cambrian, umzekelo, zahluke utshintsho ngobunzulu emhlabeni. Ngoko ke, 570 mln.- 480 yezigidi kwiminyaka eyadlulayo, ngesiquphe kwabonakala lot of resources. 400 ezigidi - kwiminyaka 320 yezigidi eyadlulayo, ifikelele nentshukumo yayo kwincopho orogenic. On izwe laqala ukusasaza izityalo imbewu, kwabonakala emanzini. Kukholelwa ukuba lo nguye amaxesha kakhulu kwimbali zejoloji komhlaba. isakhiwo Paleogene n-d uqweqwe inzima. Ngeendlela ezininzi kwakufana mihla.

Amanqaku izimo zemvelo

Ngokubanzi, ngexesha ukuyilwa kobume kuqweqwe kwi planethi wahlala lobushushu eliphezulu. Oku kungqinwa ukwanda iimeko entlango, ukusasazwa esirhubuluzayo, yokuzivelela kwezinambuzane (Paleogene, Perm). ixesha Triassic ephawulwe ukuvela ezincancisayo eyayingekaphuhli Dinosaurs kuqala. On ezweni izityalo coniferous kugcwele. Xa Paleogene nemozulu epholileyo. Xa amaqondo mvula akwazi ukufikelela degrees-28, kunye nakummandla kufuphi noLwandle North -. 22-26.

zocando lwemida

Ngexesha Paleogene kwakukho imimandla emihlanu:

• 2 sehlathi.
• Equatorial.
• 2 emvula.

Amaqondo obushushu aphezulu ezikhuthazwa yemozulu esebenzayo. Esele iimveliso laterite kunye kaolinite engundoqo kunye redeposition yabo Yaziswa ikhaka laseBrazil e California, India, eAfrika nakwiziqithi Indo-Malay Archipelago. Xa inxalenye sentshinyela baqalisa ukuba amahlathi, ndimkhathalela emanzi. Banalo ezifanayo kunye kwimiboniso ezikhoyo namhlanje kwi sub-Saharan kunye Amazon. Wet Tropic baba okufana Western Europe, eUnited States, kwimimandla ekumzantsi kunye umbindi eMpuma Yurophu, intshona China kunye Asia. Kwi-Southern zonebyli amahlathi eqhelekileyo evergreen ubumanzi-onothando. Kukho kwenzeka ferriallitnoe kunye yemozulu lateritic. ndawo Southern ihlanganisa umbindi Australia, iinxalenye South. America kunye noMzantsi Afrika.

efudumeleyo

Bathi yathunyelwa kwi-United States ezisemantla kunye iqonga European East, kumazantsi Canada, Japan kunye East Far. Kunye kwezihlahla zokutyala broadleaf yandiswa kule mimandla. Kule efudumeleyo saseNtla Southern kuxhaphakile kumzantsi Chile kunye Argentina, New Zealand kunye neSouth. Australia. Iqondo lobushushu avareji amanzi kumphezulu kwi epicontinental kweelwandle bhanti iqondo hayi ngaphezulu kwe-18. Mhlawumbi iimeko kuvalwa ukuba ngcathu, namandla xa amazwe Far North belizwekazi North American, kwi ena Peninsula kwimpuma eSiberia. Ngexesha babungabandi, ubukhulu emvula kunye nemimandla ethandwa yandiswa kakhulu, imiqathango efudumeleyo na indawo kude kwimimandla ezibandayo.

Paleogene uphawu

Yaqala 65 million, luze luphele kwiminyaka yezigidi 23.5 eyadlulayo. Kodwa njengento esecaleni Paleogene eyabelwe Naumann ngo-1866, yena zibandakanyiwe Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, kule nkqubo ephakamileyo. Indlela emayenziwe ngayo kuqweqwe kunye kumaqonga ezindala kunye abaselula ngoku. ukwanda iindawo ezinkulu ngokwaneleyo emibhinqweni kubutha geosynclinal kutshanje. indawo yabo xa kuthelekiswa ne ekuqaleni Mesozoic, sehla kakhulu kummandla wePasifiki. Apha ekuqaleni Cenozoic xesha kwakukho omkhulu kummandla intaba esongiweyo. Kumntla ikhweyitha kuMntla Merika nakwamanye amazwe aphesheya. Ezi iqonga ezimbini yayibandakanya ababakhe uluhlu kuyo kwingxelo amandulo abaselula. Babelane Atlantic sokuhlambela, kodwa kummandla woLwandle wethu, bathi namhlanje ezikhoyo uxhulumeneyo. In emazantsi kwilizwekazi ajenos sele likhona. Antarctica Australia baba amazwekazi ezahlukeneyo. Umzantsi Melika kunye Afrika afakelwe ukuya babungabandi eliphakathi.

Flora

Paleogene Cainozoe angiosperms ezahlukeneyo ikuyo ukubusa sapling (gymnosperms). Le yokugqibela asasazwa kuphela kwi ezinezinga eliphezulu. Ehlathini babesuke namandla, apho bakhula izityalo ubukhulu becala irabha, imithi kunye nabameli ezahlukeneyo sandalwood. Xa intliziyo kwelizwekazi kugcwele nakumahlathi kunye amathafa. ezinezinga nophakathi ziindawo ukusasazeka izityalo ubumanzi bothando yetropika kunye nezityalo ezinezinga ziingcathu. Kwakukho yefeni, wembadada, isonka kunye nemithi banana. Kwiindawo yesibanzi eliphezulu ukwakheka iintlobo litshintshile kakhulu. Apha kwixesha Paleogene wakhula Araucaria, arborvitae, msipres, um-oki, ube ngowakhe, nezompleyini, redwood, Myrtle. Bonke ke abameli ngokuqhelekileyo izihluma efudumeleyo. Izihluma kwixesha Paleogene waba kunye Arctic Circle. E Melika, Northern Europe kunye Arctic kugcwele amahlathi coniferous yaye ububanzi-zodonga avuthulukayo. Kodwa wakhula kule mimandla kunye nezityalo asabutropikhi, njengoko kuchaziwe apha ngasentla. Kuphuhliso lwabo kunye nokukhula akanalo nefuthe ethile wobusuku polar.

kwizilwanyana ezingahlali

Izilwanyana kwixesha Paleogene yahluke kakhulu ukusuka kwindawo ebezikuyo ngaphambi. Endaweni dinosaur baba ezincancisayo ezincinane kwakudala. Bona ikakhulu abantu zone amahlathi kunye nezimbuku. Ngokuphawulekayo inciphise inani emanzini nasemhlabeni. Baqala ke ukusasaza proboscidian, ihagu kunye tapiropodobnye, indikoterievye (ngokungathi lomkhombe). Abaninzi kubo baye aguqulelwe zokwenza ixesha elininzi emanzini. Kweli xesha Paleogene planethi yaqala ukuba ahlale njengoko ookhokho yamahashe, iimpuku iintlobo ezahlukeneyo. Thile kamva wabonakala creodontas (kumarhamncwa). Kwiincopho zemithi baqalisa ukuba babe nentaka engenamazinyo. Savannah ihlalwa diatrimy yokuphanga. Abazange bakwazi ukubhabha intaka. Izinambuzane ziye zanikezelwa ngeendlela ngeendlela. Ekuqaleni Paleogene yaqala ukubonakala lemurs - abameli kwawona maqela abangekaphuhli of obeku- - prosimians. Kwakhona waqalisa ukuba ahlale marsupials enkulu elizweni. Phakathi kwabo ziyaziwa kunye nabameli herbivorous kwaye ezidla.

abamele marine

Kweli xesha Paleogene waqalisa lokudubula of molluscs namaqokobhe kunye izilwanyana. Ngokungafaniyo iintlobo elidlulileyo, bona kumiwa amanzi kuphela ezinetyuwa, kodwa kumachibi amtyuba nahambayo. Ezinye neegastropods abathe bahlaliswa kwi emathafeni. urchins ulwandle mgaqweni ziye zande ingakumbi phakathi kwezinye ezingenamqolo, iziponji, bryozoans, nekorale, સંસાધક isisebenzisi. izixa ezincinane thaca kwezilwanyana decapod. Ezi ziquka, ingakumbi, iquka Shrimp kunye yenamvuna. Ngokuphawulekayo kunciphise kuthelekiswa ngaphambili brahoipod ixesha indima bryozoans. Ngenxa yokuba izifundo yakutshanje, kuye kwafunyaniswa ukuba ixabiso ekhethekileyo phakathi eziphilayo ngelo xesha abameli nanoplankton - kokkolitofridy ngemikroskopu. Nokugqama ezi ulwelwe yegolide accounted for babungabandi. Kunye nabo, kufuneka ixabiso rockforming siliceous diatomaceous kunye flagellates. Sea kumiwa nayo lomqolo. Phakathi kwabo, neentaka zezulu, kwaneentlanzi ukusetyenziswa ingamathambo kunayo yonke. Kwakhona, kwi elwandle yaye kwakukho abameli intlala - rays kunye Akulovo. Baqala ke ukuba kuvela iminyanya iminenga, kwakhala, dolphins.

platform East-European

Ngexesha Paleogenic njengoko neogene ukuyilwa ixesha ibekwe iimeko zwekazi. Ngaphandle kwaba iinxalenye zabo aseludinini. Bafumana aphambuke kancinane waza waqalisa ukuba bakhuselwe elwandle nzulu. Development of eqongeni yaseYurophu East kwi Cenozoic lu dityanisiwe utshintsho kwindawo lweMeditera. Ekuqaleni, ubukhulu becala yandisa, uze emva koko - i lift enkulu. Kwinxalenye akumazantsi Paleogene sagged eqongeni, apho ezikufutshane kule bhanti lweMeditera. Xa kumalwandle nzulu baqalisa ukuqokelela carbonate-onodongwe kunye neetyuwa uyisanti. Ekupheleni i Paleogene sokuhlambela waqalisa ukunciphisa ngokukhawuleza, kwaye kwithuba elilandelayo - Neogene - ukusekwa kulawulo lizwekazi.

platform eSiberia

Wayeneminyaka iimeko ngandlel kwe Yurophu eMpuma. Ngexesha Cenozoic era iqonga eSiberia oko thaca ngokohlobo indawo sezingeni eliphezulu ephakamileyo ukhukhuliseko. Ndaqalisa ukwenza inkqubo weentaba kumntla-mpuma ulwalathiso. imixokelelwane Height Yandisa kwicala indawo ekuthiwa Baikalsky isiqulathi. Ekupheleni AD yabonakala iintaba, ezinye iincopho oya kufikelela amawaka amathathu. M. Kwinxalenye yezihlunu yenkqubo kwakheka misinga obude elimxinwa. Ke olule phezu umgama ongaphezu kwe-1.7 amawaka. Km ivela kumda Mongolian ukuya kwikhosi eliphakathi. Olekma. Eli chibi likhulu kuthathwa uxinezeleko. Izimvu - ubunzulu ubuninzi - 1620 m.