Inkqubo yanamhlanje-akhawunti okanye apho ceba Amanani Arabic

E langoku imini, izibalo Kunzima ukuba nomfanekiso ngaphandle kokusebenzisa amanani kunye namanani. Ekuqaleni, neenyumerali baseRoma izibalo olusetyenziswayo, 14, yaye ngubani akabanga ekuqaleni, kodwa kungekudala amanani bafanekiselwa ngohlobo oonobumba, njengoko iintlanga ezininzi baba intsingiselo efihlakeleyo. Nokufika amanani Arab, kwimathematika kwabakho zero. Ngoku abantu abaninzi bamangalisiwe apho ceba Amanani Arabhu. Impendulo yalo mbuzo kufuneka kufunwe phakathi mbali.

Igama elithi "Inani" livela Arabic kwaye lithetha "zero". In India, umbhalo udonga uyaziwa, apho kwakukho inombolo 270, lo mbhalo ibhekisela kwinkulungwane mna ke ubungqina yokuqala ukusetyenziswa kwamanani. Sele kwinkulungwane V zamaNdiya ithiwe thaca a lokugqibela inkqubo wokubala, yaye kamva kwinkulungwane ukuba asebenza ngokukhululekileyo yi-nkqubo, kwakunye ingqiqo ka "zero", nto leyo kwakuthetha "akukho nto" okanye "ayinanto." Ngeli xesha, uninzi iintlanga zomhlaba inkqubo yalo akhawunti, Noko ke, kuphela India usebenzise zero. Kuba ngqa India umphengululi Muhammad al-Khwarizmi kusetyenziswa amanani inkqubo recording ngeqanda, loo nto iye yakhuthaza inkqubo Indian amanani ehlabathini lonke.

Ukuqwalasela umbuzo owasungula neenyumerali Arabhu, ungabona ukuba zezibalo Arabhu ziye iguqulwe kancinane Indian amanani ukuze ilingane phantsi incwadi yawo. Ngenxa yoko, abantu Arab nibe ngabantu bokuqala idibene nenkqubo Indiya yokubala. Oku akumangalisi, kuba ngelo xesha e-Indiya, yaqanjwa inkqubo apho inani elirekhodiweyo kwizinyuko. La manyathelo baba ngaphezu ezimbalwa ngaphezu amanani, yiyo lonto amagama amanani amakhulu, kwafuneka ukuba abize igama kweqonga emva inani ngalinye. Oku kwabangela ukuphazamiseka, ngoko ngokukhawuleza amaIndiya baqalisa kubiza yonke amanani inani elikhulu izigaba ngaphandle ngamagama abo.

E Indiya, apho wasungula Amanani Arabic, amanyathelo digital zisetyenziselwa ixesha elide. Ukuba inani kulahleke enye amanyathelo, amaNdiya endaweni umxholo wayo uthi "engenanto". Ephepheni, endaweni elithi "engenanto 'amaNdiya kuqala ukubeka ngongoma, yaye kamva - isangqa. Kwaye kukho a zero.

Le ndlela lokubhala, zingeniswe India, kwaba lula ukuba ezahlukeneyo izibalo, ngoko ke ihlabathi liphela ngoku uyalithanda. Ngenxa yoko, India ingaqatshelwa ilizwe apho ceba Amanani Arabic kunye nenkqubo wokugqibela amanani nokubala.

Kubonakala ngathi 'umnqwazi amanani kunye nenkqubo nokubala wokugqibela, azovela iiyure ezimbalwa zokuqala. Kodwa siyazi ukuba kwiminyaka engaphezu kwamawaka amathathu eyadlulayo eBhabhiloni wasebenzisa iiyure ezimbalwa zokuqala, zazimele kwisitupu iye kwizahlulo ezilishumi emancamini kunye nakumbindi yentonga. Ezi iiyure baba enelanga, ngoko xa uhambisa ilanga esibhakabhakeni, intonga isithunzi wawa inani olufanelekileyo mshini. Le wotshi zasetyenziselwa emini xa kumnyama ukuba zatshintshwa ikloko ngamanzi, imela empahleni yomdongwe amanzi empompoza kuwo phezu ithontsi elinye. Le nqanawa ke lahlulwe ngeendonga, Noko ke, xa inqanaba lamanzi lihla, oko kubonwe oko ngokucandeka yena ke bayeka wayezimisele elo lixa. EYurophu, iwotshi ubume amakhandlela iziqu. Malunga lowo owavela iwashi, ababhali-mbali bathi kule mini, ezinye zithi ukuba Patsifikus kwabanye - uHerbert. Kuyo nayiphi na imeko, ezi wotshi eyawiswa amanani fyabo amaNdiya ngaphambili yokudayala division uphawu ukubonisa ezulu kwi kwisitupu kamva kuboniswe iileta kunye neesimboli. Emva kwexesha elithile, neenyumerali baseRoma kwi idayala umlindo zasetyenziswa.

Ngoko ke, namhlanje siyazi apho ceba Amanani Arabhu. Lasungulwa India akhawunti abantu basebenzisa inkqubo kangangeenkulungwane ezininzi, yaye oko kwafikelela ixesha lethu, yaye isetyenziswe kule mini.