Imemori Historical. Iingxaki imemori Russian zembali

Enye iimpawu ibalulekileyo kufuneka kusoloko umntu ahluka ukusuka kwizilwanyana, Kakade ke, ingqalelo inkumbulo. Ixesha elidlulileyo kukuba umntu - umthombo ibalulekileyo ukuze kwakhiwe ukuzoyikisela kunye nokuzimisela lendawo ngamnye ekuhlaleni kunye nehlabathi.

Ukulahlekelwa inkumbulo, umntu ulahlekelwa ukuqhelanisa phakathi bume, luyawohloka yobudlelwane nabanye.

Yintoni na le memory nemibutho zembali?

Inkumbulo - oku ukwazi nje naziphi na iziganeko. Memory - amava obomi, ulwazi iziganeko banamava entliziyweni, echaphazela emphefumlweni. imemori yeMbali - umba ngokuhlanganyela. Ihlala ekulondolozweni uluntu kunye nokuqonda kumava embali. Oovimba kwizizukulwana unokuba phakathi kwamalungu osapho, abemi abaninzi beso sixeko, yaye lonke uhlanga, ilizwe lonke uluntu.

Izigaba zophuhliso imemori yezembali

Kufuneka kuqondwe ukuba imemori nemibutho zembali, kwakunye naloo mntu izigaba ezininzi zophuhliso.

Okokuqala, oko nganto. Emva kwexesha elithile sizalwa abantu ukulibala siganeko. Nto inokwenzeka ngokukhawuleza kwaye kwenzeka kwiminyaka embalwa. Ubomi ke ningemi, uthotho izigigaba aziphazamiseki, kwaye uninzi lwabo kufakwe emibonweni amatsha kunye neemvakalelo.

Okwesibini, abantu abajongene kwakhona kwaye kwakhona zibakala edlulileyo kumanqaku zenzululwazi, imisebenzi loncwadi kunye namajelo eendaba. Kwaye zonke utoliko iziganeko ezifanayo ziyahluka ngokubanzi. Kwaye ke akusoloko kusenzeka ukubhekisela ingcamango "memory zembali". Iindawo iimpikiswano umbhali nganye lizisa indlela yakhe, ngokubeka ebalini emehlweni akho sengqondo zobuqu. Kwaye kuya kuba enoba yintoni isihloko - kweMfazwe Yehlabathi II, bonke-union zokwakha kunye neziphumo ukuba nenkanyamba.

Kubafundi kanye abalaleli uza kuqonda isiganeko amehlo intatheli okanye umbhali. ezahlukeneyo ezahlukeneyo okuqhutywa izibakala iziganeko ezifanayo ukunika abantu ithuba lokuba ukuhlalutya uze uthelekise izimvo zabantu ezahlukeneyo kunye nezigqibo zabo. imemori ntiyiso abantu bakwazi ukuphuhlisa kuphela xa inkululeko yokuthetha, kwaye ukuphazamiseka ngokupheleleyo iza kuba kwiziko yokuhlolwa konke-out.

Eyesithathu kunye ibalulekileyo Inqanaba yophuhliso memory yembali yabantu - luthelekiso iziganeko ezenzeka kwixesha langoku, ngobunyani elidlulileyo. Ukungxamiseka iingxaki oluntu namhlanje ngamanye amaxesha inxulumene ngqo elidlulileyo zembali. Kuphela ngokuhlalutya amava kwempumelelo elidlulileyo iimpazamo, umntu uyakwazi ukuyila.

Hypothesis of Maurice Halbwachs

Ngethiyori, inkumbulo zembali esihlanganyelweyo, njengayo nayiphi na, iye umseki wayo kunye nabalandeli. I-sobulumko French kunye ngezentlalo Moris Halbvaks kuqala ukubeka phambili hypothesis ukuba ingqikelelo imemori yezembali kunye nembali nabakude ziyafana. Yena kuqala wacebisa ukuba bali liqala xa iphela imemori kwezentlalo kunye namasiko. Akukho mfuneko ukulungisa entweni iphepha usaphila kwi iinkumbulo.

theory Halbwachs wazibonakalisa imfuneko ubhale amabali nje ukuba izizukulwana ezizayo, njengamangqina iziganeko zembali eziphilayo sisezantsi okanye ukuba namnye konke konke. Abalandeli kunye nokuphikisa yale lethiyori kwakuhlaziya lukhulu. Inani elandileyo emva kwemfazwe yesibini nxamnye Fascism, apho onke amalungu entsapho babulawa yi-sobulumko, waza wafela yaseBuchenwald.

Iindlela zokudlulisa iziganeko

Inkumbulo Nation ukuba iziganeko ezidlulileyo obubonakaliswa ngeendlela ezahlukahlukeneyo. Ngemihla yakudala ukuba ukosuleleka ngomlomo kweenkcukacha intsomi namabali. Characters Intsomi abantu heroize yokwenene, izenzo ezikhethekileyo kunye nesibindi. yamabali basoloko balizukisa Isibindi abavikeli iLizwe loobawo.

Kamva, kwaba incwadi, kwaye ngoku umthombo engundoqo ukukhanya amanqaku ngembali baye eendaba. Namhlanje ke kakhulu ukwakha imbono yethu kunye nesimo sengqondo malunga namava elidlulileyo, iziganeko sibi kwezopolitiko, ezoqoqosho, inkcubeko kunye nenzululwazi.

Ngokufaneleka kolu memory yembali yabantu

Namhlanje, ingakumbi ingxaki engxamisekileyo imemori zembali. Eneneni, ngaphandle namava umntu zangaphambili akanako ukubona ukuba bekuya kuba ukuba yena into ayikho. thina kuphela xa siyazi imbali yabantu bakhe, abantu bayakwazi ukuba amisele oko luncedo kuluntu kwixesha elizayo.

utyekelo Namhlanje ukuba ubhale ezi ziganeko zembali kufuneka ngokuqinisekileyo tufwile lonke uluntu. Ngelishwa, ezinye mdibaniso olukhulu mihla njengesiseko yeenkolelo zabo ingcamango zommeli German of irrationalism Nietzsche wakuchaza kwincwadi yakhe "On the Ukusetyenziswa kakubi History." Bazama uhlaziye amava ngembali iziganeko ezibuhlungu kwiimfazwe ebuhlungu, bathi ukuba umntu umele "ukucoca 'ezingqondweni nokungafezeki. Ukulondolozwa imemori zembali - kowona msebenzi inxalenye enkulu yoluntu oko akazamkeli uhlaba kwimbali iziganeko zabantu bakhe.

Kwesimilo benkumbulo kwezizukulwana

Ingxaki benkumbulo zembali obenza Sciences ezininzi: ifilosofi psychology, ezizwe, imbali kunye yokuhlalisana. Bonke simanyene imbono ukuba imbono iziganeko ngoku ixhomekeke ulwazi kunye novavanyo iziganeko ezidlulileyo. imemori Historical - yinto umlawuli enamandla lokuqonda koluntu. Ukuba sithethe ngayo eluntwini Russian kwexesha mihla, kukhuselekile ukuchaza ukuba phakathi baseRashiya, kwakunye nezinye iintlanga, kukuba kwesimilo ezicacileyo.

Ngoko ke, lo msebenzi siphambili isizukulwana omdala belizwe lethu kwinkulungwane xxi iya isiba ukuyilwa ngokubaluleka abaselula kwaye enqwenela ukugcina kwimemori kwangaphambili kweli lizwe.

Formation yokudibanisa yembali izizukulwana baseRashiya namhlanje udibana emininzi imiqobo. Kwi TV, amaphephandaba kunye neemagazini, kwaye ingakumbi kwi Internet rhoqo ezisakhulayo ukhanyiso ngokupheleleyo ababephikisana iziganeko ezifanayo. Kwaye oku kusebenza kuphela ukuba izibakala wanamhla, kodwa iziganeko zangaphambili minyaka kunye eminyaka edlulileyo. Indlela yokuphepha uqhekeko kwamaqhina zembali kwaye zilondoloze ukukhunjulwa ngezizukulwana?

Umba ukuqhubeka imemori yezembali

Umxholo memory yembali baseRashiya namhlanje izandi phantse zonke nkomfa, konke kwenziwa iisimpoziya ngemiba yolutsha. Okokuqala, kufuneka siqonde umntu ukuba ingxaki lokusekwa memory ngembali ulutsha na ezininzi, kunye nempembelelo yeemeko ezininzi okuwasebenzisa. Le yinkqubo entsonkothileyo obandakanya zombini iimeko zentlalo nezoqoqosho, ideology kunye nemfundo, kunye nesimo sengqondo jikelele malunga ngembali yelizwe wabo. Eyona umsebenzi wenzululwazi kulo mba - isifundo ngokucwangcisiweyo imbali esikolweni kuchaphazeleke echanekileyo amanqaku ngembali kumaphepha kweencwadi zezifundo. nje ngoko ungaziphumeza isilogeni: ". ukulondoloza iinkumbulo ngembali baseRashiya"

Isitolo nokulondoloza imemori yebali iqala esikolweni

imemori Historical of Russia kangangeenkulungwane ezininzi weyisayo xaka. Oku kungenxa ubume beentlanga yabemi belizwe lethu. Iqela ngalinye uhlanga, eyinxenye ye Russia, iye inkcubeko yayo kunye nezithethe, imilinganiselo zonqulo neenkolelo. Ngako oko ke kubaluleke ngokukodwa ukudala ikharityhulam yomanyano labantu abathetha isiRashiya, neya kugxininisa ukuyilwa yesazisi Russian yesizwe.

Sele esikolweni, abantwana kufuneka zenze ukukwazi ukuthelekisa nokuvavanya amava kwisizukulwana elidlulileyo ezabo. Nanamhla oku, oku asingomsebenzi olula, ukususela kwiminyaka yakutshanje kubonwa ngokucacileyo njengoko ukuhla kwimbali yesifundo udumo zesikolo.

Kubuhlungu siyayibona into yokuba namhlanje isazisi kuphela kuluntu Russian i inkumbulo Enkulu Patriotic War. Ukukhunjulwa ngembali ukufa ubunzima bakhaya kule minyaka ezimbi intshabalalo enkulu-abasakhasayo uloyiso brilliant malunga nokulwa kwenzululwazi Russian - komlawuli enamandla ezingqondweni zolutsha Russian. Ukufaneleka ookhokho bethu wasivuna kokuzimela lizwe, kunye nememori izizukulwana zexesha elizayo - amakhonkco elinye nomxokelelwane ukuqhubeka kwanootatomkhulu kunye nooyise, ootata kunye nabantwana.

Kutheni buthathaka iinkumbulo imfazwe?

ugqirha ngcono iintlungu, kodwa into embi kwiimemori - Time. Oku malunga nendlela memory of izizukulwana emfazwe, yaye memory abantu ngokubanzi bakaThixo zembali. Ufake iinkumbulo Icandelo ngokweemvakalelo kuxhomekeke kwizinto ezininzi.

Into yokuqala nezichaphazela kakhulu amandla imemori - eli lixesha factor. ngonyaka ngamnye, nentlekele ngaloo mihla umngcangcazelisi ngokuya kude. Ukususela ekupheleni noloyiso Second World War sele kudlule iminyaka engama-70.

Kukhuseleko karhulumente iminyaka siganeko kwakhona kuchaphazela ukuthembeka umba yezopolitiko-eceleni. Ubunzulu imeko yezopolitiko ehlabathini zisenza eendaba ukuvavanya iinkalo ezininzi impi ngezwi elingaqondakaliyo, ukusuka kwindawo elibi lwembono, ezopolitiko bekhululekile.

Enye into nelingenakutsitywa kukhunjulwa abantu bemfazwe - a zendalo. Le ilahleko yendalo wamangqina, abavikeli kwiphandle, abo owahlula Fascism. Rhoqo ngonyaka singalahlekani abathwele "memory ophilileyo". Ngenxa Ukumka aba bantu win ziindlalifa zabo Abangawugciniyo imemori imibala efanayo. Ngokuthe ngcembe ukuba izuza izithunzi iziganeko ngokwenene, yaye oku ulahlekelwa semthethweni yayo.

Gcina i "ophilileyo" imemori zemfazwe

imemori ngembali imfazwe ibunjiwe igcinwe ezingqondweni isizukulwana esitsha nje izibakala engenanto zembali iziganeko yeziKronike.

Le mba ngokweemvakalelo - i "memory ophilileyo", oko kukuthi nje imemori yabantu. Yonke intsapho Russian uyayazi le minyaka abangcangcazelisi lokuzibonela: amabali nomkhulu, oonobumba ukusuka ngaphambili, iifoto, izinto zomkhosi kunye namaxwebhu. ubungqina abaninzi zemfazwe agcinwe nje kuphela lwembali, koko kwakhona nakwindawo zokugcina zobuqu.

AmaRashiya Young namhlanje Kunzima ukucinga ixesha indlala esinzima, yonke imihla kuzisa intlungu. Isilayi esinye sesonka, wabeka sisithethe kwi iLeningrad wawungqinga, ezo iingxelo zemihla ngemihla kunomathotholo malunga iziganeko ngaphambili, isandi abangcangcazelisi Metronome, ukuya ngunoposi uzisa kuphela na oonobumba ukusuka ngaphambili, kodwa imingcwabo. Kodwa ngethamsanqa, ukuba kunjalo uyakwazi ukuva amabali wookhokho babo nokomelela nenkalipho amajoni Russian, malunga nendlela usapho babelele kwi kwesitulo nje ukwenza iimbumbulu ngakumbi kancinci ukuya ngaphambili. Nangona kunjalo, la mabali bangafane ngaphandle iinyembezi. buhlungu kakhulu ukukhumbula kubo.

umfanekiso Artistic zemfazwe

Eyesibini ukulondoloza imemori imfazwe - inkcazelo elibuntsomi zeziganeko iminyaka imfazwe iincwadi, iidotyhumentari kunye neebhanyabhanya feature. Bayichasa imvelaphi iziganeko ezinkulu-isikali eli lizwe bekusoloko wachukumisa phezu ngamnye umntu okanye usapho kwekamva. Sikhuthazwa kukuba umdla kwimibandela zomkhosi namhlanje ibonakalisiwe hayi kuphela lesikhumbuzo. Kule minyaka ilishumi idlulileyo, kwintlaninge bhanya, ebalisa ngeziganeko IMfazwe Enkulu Patriotic. Kulo mzekelo iindlela ezimanyumnyezi umbukeli olunye baziswa abaphambili abasebenza ubunzima nabaqhubi, Noomateloshe, Scouts, seva kunye sappers. technology cinema Modern kuvumela isizukulwana esitsha ukuba isikali ntlekele, ukuva "yokwenene" na imipu, kuba zizisulu ngamadangatye Stalingrad, funda le meko, ze zinakho zomkhosi ngexesha ukusasazwa ngokutsha

Imbali yanamhlanje ngezibane nokuphila zembali

Ukuqonda kunye nokumelwa kuluntu lwanamhlanje kweminyaka kunye neziganeko yeSibini kwiMfazwe yeHlabathi namhlanje luyathandabuzeka. Nhlamuselo iphambili yale na ukungaqondakali ngokufanelekileyo kuqwalaselwa imfazwe ulwazi zenzeka kumajelo eendaba kwiminyaka yakutshanje.

Namhlanje, hayi disdaining naziphi ethical, amajelo eendaba ehlabathi ukunika umgangatho kwabo ngexesha lemfazwe, wathabatha icala yobuFasi, kwaye bathatha inxaxheba kohlanga uninzi lwabantu. Abanye baqaphele izenzo zabo "HIV", uzama ukususa imemori inkohlakalo yabo lonya. Bandera, Shukhevych, Jikelele Vlasov kunye uHelmut von Pannwitz namhlanje baba amagorha kulutsha olukhulu. Konke oku kubangelwa imfazwe ulwazi, apho ookhokho bethu Yayingazi. Iinzame kugqwethwe izibakala sembali wambi ukufikelela kwinqanaba engenangqondo, xa yemfaneleko yiSoviet Army downplayed.

Protection Iindawo ukuthembeka - ulondolozo inkumbulo yembali yabantu

imemori Imbali zemfazwe - ixabiso engundoqo yabantu bethu. kuphela kuya kuvumela eRashiya ukuba siqinile.

Ukuchaneka zeziganeko zembali, balibhengeza namhlanje, kuya kukunceda ukuba ugcine inyaniso inyaniso kunye novavanyo ecacileyo yamava elidlulileyo kwilizwe lethu. Umlo inyaniso kusoloko kunzima. Nokuba kulo mlo iya kuba 'ngamanqindi bakhe, "kufuneka kukhusela inyaniso yembali yethu kwimemori omkhulu zethu.