Ixesha laseLyceum lasePushkin. Imisebenzi kaPushkin kwiminyaka yeLyceum

UPushkin akazange afune ukuphefumlelwa. Unako ukubhala rhoqo kunye naphi na-ekuhambeni, eklasini, kwintsimi, ngexesha lomthandazo. Kwimbongo ethi "Ku-Aristarko Yam," umbongi oneminyaka eyi-16 ufundisa indlela yakhe imbongo: "Ndiya kucinga ngako, ndiyiguqule ingalo zam, ngokukhawuleza ndiza kuthetha ngeengqungquthela".

Uphelile ubuntwaneni kwimemori. Ndikhumbule uLyceum kuphela

Ukuba ucinga into enjenge- Pushkin's biography, ixesha le- lyceum liqala into. Yile nqanaba yobomi echaza ukubunjwa kweklasi kwintsimi yombongi. Kuze kube yiminyaka esixhenxe I-Pushkin ikhulile kwinkwenkwe evulekileyo, ekhukhulayo, ekhulayo, ekhangelekayo kunye ne-languid kuzo zonke iziganeko. Ngamanye amaxesha wayedla ngokucatshulwa.

Kwaye uSasha wayengumntwana ongathandekiyo. Akazange athole umthamo wobubele kubazali bakhe. Bahlonishwa nguNadezhda Osipovna, noSergei Lvovich wayenodadewabo u-Olga kunye nomntakwabo omncinci uLevushka. Ngaba kutheni iindinyana zePushkin zeLyceum aziqukethe umama onothando?

Nguyena kuphela unina nogogo

Kwaye malunga nomhlengikazi u-Arina Rodionovna kunye neengxelo zakhe zamagama kwixesha laseLyceum lasePushkin esikuvile. Muse ngo mbongo othi "Iphupha" livela kumfanekiso "umama". Kwaphefumlelwa yizikhumbuzo zika-Arina Rodionovna. Kwakhona waba ngumboniso womongikazi u-Orina Yegorovna kwibali elithi "Dubrovsky".

Kwaye umkhwenyana kaArina Rodionovna Nikita Timofeevich, owaba "ngumalume" wale nkwenkwe, wamthanda ngokunyanisekileyo, ukhumbuza umkhonzi othembekileyo we-Savelich "kwiCapetain's Daughter". UKozlov, owayedlulisele ubomi bakhe bonke kuSasha ebomini bakhe, wayeya kuhamba naye ekuhambeni kwakhe kokugqibela ukuya emangcwabeni eSyatogorsky Monastery. Aba bantu, omnye wabambalwa abaxabisa imbongi ngeendlela zakhe.

Ukufunda ebusuku

Utshintsho kwi-Pushkin encinane lwenzeka ngokukhawuleza, ngenxa yokuba wayenomntwana kunye nothando lwakhe, ukunyamekela kunye neengxelo zomntwana. Ukuthandana kunye noomkhulu uMaria Alekseevna Hannibal, kwidolophana apho umntwana osetsheni echitha ihlobo.

USasha wayengazi. Akazange ahlale ekhoneni, kodwa wagijimela emagumbini, wagijima kwiihlalo, wahleka kakhulu. Waba ngumntwana, uyise. Okanye ikhilikithi, njengokuba ekugqibeleni ibizwa ngokuba yi-coevals eLyceum.

Wayenomdla kwiincwadi zakuqala. Kwisibhozo wafunda kwaye wabhala kakuhle. Ngobusuku wenza indlela eya kwilayibrari enkulu kayise waza wayibhala ngeencwadi zabadala beFrench nesiRashiya. Ngaloo mdala waqala ukubhala. Imisebenzi yokuqala yayiFrentshi. Ezi ziigrawu zabaqeqeshi kunye nootitshala. Ngokutsho kukaMzalwan 'uLeva, wayenememori enkulu kwaye iminyaka eyi-11 "wayesazi zonke iincwadi zesiFrentshi ngentliziyo".

"Andiyazi into eya kuvela kumntanami omdala"

Yiloo nto uMaria Alekseevna wayethetha ngayo, ngubani owayemthanda kakhulu uSasha, kwaye wayemthanda kakhulu. Wayenomdla ngekamva le nkwenkwana. Umzukulu, nangona umzingeli wayeya kwiincwadi, kodwa wafunda kakubi. Abafundi bekhalaza ukuba naye wayenomoya oqhekezayo. UMaria Alekseevna wayekhathazekile ngendlela ubomi bakhe obuya kuhamba ngayo xa engatshintshi.

Ndiyabonga uThixo, uSasha utshintshile! Kodwa le nguqulelo yokuthula ibe yintsholongwane enefuthe elivuthayo lazisa intsapho ingxaki enkulu. Akakwazanga ukukhutshwa ngabafundisi okanye ngabazali. Kwaye kwakukho imbono yokunika umntwana kwisikhungo semfundo esivaliweyo solawulo olunzulu. Unyuke ohloniphekileyo, nje wavula uTsarskoye Selo Lyceum.

U-Sasha oneminyaka eli-12 ubudala uye waphumelela iimviwo zokungena ngempumelelo. Ngaphezu koko, ukuba sithetha ngokufutshane malunga nexesha laseLyceum lasePushkin, ngoko wafika apho kunye nesitoktho sezinto ezahlukeneyo zobomi kunye nolwazi, oluvela kwiincwadi. "Umhlobo wakhe wokuqala kunye noxabisekileyo" u-Ivan Puschin ukhumbule ukuba abo bafunda nabo bamangaliswa xa befunda ukuba uAlexander Sergeyevich ekuphuhliseni kwabo ngaphambi kwabo.

Unqongqo kwaye akavumi

Nangona kunjalo, kwakungekho nto ekhethekileyo kwiLyceum. Nangona isohlwayo samanye amazwe kwixesha laseLyceum lasePushkin lapheliswa, ngokungafani namanye amaziko emfundo. Ngokubanzi, i-atmosphati yayinkululeko, idemokhrasi.

Ukufundisa iCricket yanikwa ngokulula. Abafundisi be-Pushkin abangathandekiyo zifundo abazange banikeze iimfuno ezizodwa kuye. Ngoko ke, isazi semathematika, esazi isimo sengqondo sikaSasha kule nzululwazi, saye samgxeka.

Kodwa iPushkin yayithanda iincwadi zesiRashiya kunye nezinye. Kwaye njengoko ndihlala ndifunda ezininzi zeengcamango, iincwadi zembali.

Abahlobo baseLyceum benza isangqa sabo sokubhala. Bavelisa amaphephancwadi abhaliweyo ngesandla, badlala imidlalo ngokusekelwe kwimisebenzi yeklasikhi yelo xesha.

Ndiyabulela kule Pushkin, enye igama lakhe leqheno lalingumFrentshi (njengoko wayekhanye ngolwazi lwalwimi), wathandana nentetho yakhe yokuzalwa. Ewe, ngoko kamva wakha indlela yokubhala yaseRashiya yanamhlanje.

Iindinyana zexesha lasePushkin eLyceum - i-epigrams echanekileyo, echanekileyo, izikhwama, iingoma. Waye waqala imbongo "uRuslan noLyudmila." Kodwa waphumelela emva kweminyaka emithathu emva kokushiya iLyceum - ngo-1820.

"Bahlobo, imanyano yethu inhle!"

Ngethuba lokuqala ebomini bakhe, abantu babemjikelezile, bahlonipha baze bamhlonela. "Bahlobo, umanyano wethu ubuhle!" Wabhala kubafundi afunda nabo. Kwakusexesha laseLyceum lasePushkin ukuba olo tshintsho olubalulekileyo ebomini bakhe lwenzeka: "i-luxury of communication" yafunyanwa.

Abahlobo bakhe, kunye noNjingalwazi u-Alexander Kunitsyn, owayefunda izinto ezili-12 kanye, kunye no-Alexander Galich, utitshala weencwadi zesiLatini nesiRashiya, baxoxisana ngesiganeko ngeziganeko zeMfazwe yePatriotic ye-1812. Kwaqala omnye unyaka emva kokufika kwabo eLyceum. Bebonke bafuna intsingiselo yobomi, iinjongo zabo ngabanye, bekhonza iinjongo eziphakamileyo.

Kwimbali yeencwadi zehlabathi kwakungekho njenjalo ukuba omnye wabondlo okanye ababhali kwimisebenzi yabo bahlawula indawo eninzi kwi-alma mater njengePushkin kwiLyceum yakhe. Kwiminyaka kamva watyhila iLyceum kwincwadi yesandla ka-Eugene Onegin.

Eliziko lemfundo liboniswa kwimibongo yakhe, ekuqaleni nangemva kwayo, imiyalezo kubangani, kumaphepha amanqaku angabonakaliyo, ukuzinikezelwa kwizikhumbuzo zesikolo.

"Kwimiyezo yaseLyceum, i-Muse yabonakala kum"

Ixesha laseLyceum lasePushkin lahlala iminyaka emithandathu, ukususela ngo-1811 ukuya ku-1817. Waqala ukubhala ngokungqongqo kwi-13 ubudala. Kwaye kwangoko kushicilelweyo. Ngomhla kaJulayi we "Herald yaseYurophu" ngokokuqala ngqa yabonakala intetho yombongi oneminyaka eli-15 ubudala obizwa ngokuthi "Kumculi-mbongi". Enyanisweni, wabeka igama elithi "Alexander N.k.sp.". Abaphengululi be-philologists banamhlanje bathi: ezi ziincwadi zegama lakhe lokugqibela, kodwa ngokulandelelana. Ngaloo ndlela umalume wakhe, uVasily Lvovich Pushkin, wasayina imibongo yakhe. Wandula nje waphosa onke amazwi-P.S.K.

Iimbongo zePushkin ixesha le-Lyceum, ngokuhambelana nomsebenzi wakhe, uBoris Tomashevsky, ubonisa ukuba wayeziqhelanise kakuhle ubuchule beebongozi. Yaye into ayibhala eneminyaka eyi-13 yayingummangaliso, ukuguquka kwexesha elizayo.

Imibongo engama-120 yavela

Ngexesha leLyceum, inkondlo ezininzi zadalwa emsebenzini wePushkin. Izifundo ezili-120 zifikile kuthi, iindidi zahluke, ukusuka ekuthandweni ukuya ezweni lakubo, injongo ephakamileyo yembongi, ekuthandeni kwintombi. Waduduzwa kuyo yonke indawo. Kwakhona, iimbongi zeFransi XVII-XVIII zeenkulungwane. Wathandwa kumaGuys naseVoltaire. Yingakho i-Pushkin isebenza kwixesha laseLyceum ukudibanisa ukufundiswa kwesiFrentshi kunye nesiRashiya.

Umbongo othi "kuNataliya", obhalwe ngo-1813, unomgca othile. Umdlali we-serf we-theater, inkosi yakhe eTsarskoe Selo yayibala u-V. Tolstoy. Umfundi we- lyceum uPushkin wayemthanda noNataliya.

Isikhathi saseLyceum kumsebenzi wePushkin sidibene nenani elikhulu lemisebenzi malunga nobuhlobo bokwenyaniso. Le nto "Ngomnyaka weshumi elinesixhenxe wokukhumbula i-I.Pushchina", kunye ne "Abafundi bokutya", kunye neenkondlo ngokuhlonipha ootitshala abathandekayo.

Ndiyabulela ukuxelisa uZhukovsky, owayekhokela iRussia kwintando yesithandana, ixesha leLyceum ebusweni bukaPushkin lubonakaliswa ngokubhaliweyo kwimixholo yokuthanda, ukuhlukana, ukususela ekuqaleni. Nangona kunjalo, konke oku kulandelwayo akuzange kuthintele imbongi ngokwakhe ukuba izinikezele ngokupheleleyo kwimincili yobomi obutsha.

Ubuhlobo obukhulu

Ixesha laseLyceum ebomini bePushkin lidibaniswa ngokungahambelani nokubonakala kubomi bombongo ootitshala bokwenene abazimisele indlela yakhe yekamva. U-Alexandra wamukelwa kwisangqa sohola i-"Arzamas". Babengabalandeli bendlela entsha kwiincwadi, iCaramzin. Kwabandakanya ukulwa nemibhalo engapheli kunye nezithethe.

I-Pushkin idibanisa ubudlelwane bokudala kunye nobungane kunye neengongoma ezibalaseleyo zelo xesha uVasily Zhukovsky noPyotr Vyazemsky. Yaye ufunda kubo.

Wayekunomdla kwiindinyana zika Konstantin Batyushkov, inkosi eyaziwayo "yeengqungquthela ezikhanyayo." Xa wayishiya ukubhala kwakhe okwesikhashana, umbongi ombalwa wayengathandabuzeki ukuthumela umyalezo kumphathi. Kwabizwa ngokuba "kuBatiushkov." Ewe, kukhulu kangangokuthi, emva kokufunda, weza eLyceum ukuze azi kakuhle umbhali. Kodwa emva kwengxoxo, ngokubhekiselele kwimibongo yenkondlo encinane kunazo zonke, uPushkin waphendula ngomnye umyalezo: "Bredu indlela yakhe. Yiba wonke umntu endleleni yakho. "

"Indoda endala uDerzhavin isiphawula"

Iingoma zakhe azikodwa ngokuzimeleyo ngokupheleleyo, ngakumbi nangakumbi. Kukho uninzi lweefowuni kulo, ii-clichés. Kodwa, engasishiyi igumbi lembongi, iPushkin sele idibene kwiingqungquthela zokubhaliweyo komphakathi. Oku, okokuqala, i-"Mememoirs" e-Tsarskoe Selo ". Umsebenzi unikezelwa kwiMfazwe yePatritic ye-1812.

UPushkin ufunde imbongo kwiimeko ezingavamile. NgoJanuwari 1815, iLyceum yafumana uviwo oluvulelekileyo lweencwadi zesiRashiya kubafundi abadlulayo ukusuka kunyaka wokuqala ukuya kwesibini. Kwakunyanzelekile ukuba bafunde imisebenzi yabo.

Iindwendwe zamenywa kuviwo. Kwakukho ababukeli abaninzi ehholo, kunjalo-abazali be-lyceum abafundi kunye noDabriel Derzhavin owaziwayo kakhulu.

Ukuphulaphula uPushkin, ootrukri wavuya. "Ewe lo mbongo weqiniso!" - wakhala kunye neinyembezi emehlweni akhe wayefuna ukumkela umbhali njengendlalifa yakhe efanelekileyo. Kodwa uSasha wayezihlazo kwaye wabaleka.

UBredu indlela yakhe

Iimpawu zobuninzi bexesha laseLyceum yePushkin zibonakala ngokucacileyo kwingqungquthela ethi "Licinia", ebonisa ngokucacileyo ubomi baseRashiya, ekhokelwa yi-despot Arakcheev. Umbongi ubhala ibali elithi "Bova", imbongi ibonakaliswa yimisebenzi "Ukungakholwa", "iNapoleon kwi-Elbe" - phantsi kweempembelelo zokubaleka komlawuli kwisiqithi. Kwaye iipigram. Ngokomzekelo, "ezimbini iAlexandro Pavlovitch." Lapha ufanisa noTsar Alexander I kunye nomama wakhe, umfundisi waseLyceum - "isisilumko nesisinyabi."

Ukuba sishwankathela i-Pushkin yeLyceum ixesha elifutshane, kukho ukulinganisa okuncinci nangaphantsi kwimibongo yakhe, ilizwi elinamandla, elitsha kunye nelinamandla lenza indlela yalo.

Kusasazo ezo zinto ziza kuvumela ukuba igama lika-Alexander Sergeevich "lilanga lembongo zethu". Nangona kunjalo, kwakungumncinci wenkondlo eyayisisiseko, apho wafumana khona iingcamango zakhe ngeencwadi zokwenyaniso.