Ithenda kaCharles Perrault "Ucebile nge-tuft": isishwankathelo esifutshane, abalinganiswa abakhulu

"Rick nge-tuft" - lelinye leengxelo ezidumileyo zombhali odumile waseFransi uPraul. Yapapashwa okokuqala ngo-1697 eParis, kwiqoqo lomlobi. Umsebenzi uhlala kwindawo ekhethekileyo emisebenzini yakhe, njengoko ingazange ibe yintsebenzo yobugcisa yendilo, kodwa, ngokoluvo lwabaninzi abagxekayo, liyi-fairy story. Nangona kunjalo, kukho izikhokelo ezicacileyo kwiinjongo zesintu kunye neengcamango ezibhalwe ngetekisi, eziza kuxutyushwa ngezantsi. Emva koko, umbhali wayefunda ngokucacileyo iindimu eziqhelekileyo, ezenza isiseko semisebenzi yakhe.

Ukudala

Iingxelo zikaCharles Perrault zibaluleke kakhulu ekuphuculweni kweencwadi zolu hlobo. Enyanisweni, umbhali wayengowokuqala ukubandakanyeka ngokubanzi kwimbali yemilingo eyenziwe yindoda ecebileyo. Ubungqina bombhali kukuba imisebenzi yakhe epapashiweyo yenze igalelo ekukhuleni phakathi kweentelligence zenzalo kule hlobo. Unabalandeli abaninzi, phakathi kwabo amagama anjengo-Grimm, Andersen nabanye.

Inyaniso kukuba ekhulwini le-17, xa lo mbhali ophawulekayo wayehlala kwaye esebenza, iifolkki zabantu zazibhekwa njengento ephantsi, kwaye phakathi kweembalo ezifundwayo kwakunemfashini yokufunda iincwadi zakudala kunye nefilosofi. Ngako oko, iindaba zikaCharles Perrault ngokwenene zanikeza ukukhanya okuluhlaza ekubhaliseni imisebenzi yolu hlobo, kunye nokuhlalutya kwabo, ukuqokelela kunye neenkqubo.

Ukubhala

Ngomnyaka we-1697, umbhali washicilela iqoqo lakhe, elaza laza lazisa igama lakhe kwihlabathi lonke - "Ibali likaMama Goose." Ukuqokelela kubandakanya imisebenzi eyisibhozo ebhalwe ngeprose (umbhali wabeka lo hlobo oluphezulu ngentonga, ecinga ukuba ngumlandeli wenveli yamandulo).

Nangona kunjalo, kwaquka imibongo emininzi ebhaliwe nguye ngaphambili - ibali elifutshane kunye neengxelo ezimbini. Ukuqokelela, okubandakanya umsebenzi "uRikke nge-tuft", wawuyimpumelelo enkulu kwaye waba negalelo ekwenzeni ukuba amalungu amaninzi eengcali ze-intelligentsia abe nomdla kwi-fairy folklore. Okwangoku, imisebenzi yeencwadi iyadumeka, njengamafilimu amaninzi, iimveliso zentengiso kunye ne-ballet zithetha ngazo.

Ngaphambili

Iingcali zenzululwazi ziyavuma ukuba le ngxelo ayinayo ingcambu yomntu. Nangona kunjalo, akuyiyo yonke into eyayiqalayo. Inyaniso kukuba omnye umbhali waseFransi umbhali u-Catherine Bernard, unyaka ngaphambi kokupapashwa kweesincoko esicatshulwayo, wapapaphula inguqu yakhe yefriythi, eyona nto ilukhuni ngakumbi kwaye ibaluleke ngaphezu kwencwadi kaPrarault. "Rick nge-tuft" kule ngxelo iyahluke kakhulu kuloo msebenzi uthethe ngokuziqhenya, ukuhlaziya okuzifihlakeleyo kunye nokuziphatha okungaqhelekanga, ngoko ke kuye kwasasazeka. Kwakhona ufana nomxholo othi "i-Yellow Dwarf" ngomnye umbhali waseFransi uMarie d'Onua.

Le ncwadi iphetha ngokukrakra: abathandi babeguqulwa ngumlumbi okhohlakeleyo entendeni. Akumangalisi ukuba ingqungquthela kaPerrot yayithandana kakhulu nabantwana, ngokungafani nemisebenzi eluhlu, eyahluke kwiqhinga elibi kunye nokuhleka kwehla.

Intshayelelo

I-story story "I-Rikke ne-tuft" inesiqalo senkcubeko, esinokufumaneka kwiminye imisebenzi emininzi. Umbhali ubika ngokufutshane malunga nokuzalwa kwamakhosikazi amabini kunye namakhosazana kwizikumkani ezimbini. Owokuqala wazalwa yindlovu eyoyikekayo: egweba ngeengcaciso ezibuhlungu zombhali, wayebukeka njengendoda enesabekayo enomtsalane emhlane. Umama wayebuhlungu kakhulu, kodwa wafika kuye intombi waza wathembisa ukuba le nkwenkwe yayiza kuba yingqiqo kwaye ngexa elithile inako ukwenza intombazana eyithandayo kakhulu emhlabeni. Esi sithembiso sathulisa indlovukazi engumntu omncinci, ingakumbi ukususela ekubeni umntwana wayeyindoda ehlakaniphile kwaye ehlakaniphile.

Ngokomgaqo wokuchasana, wabhala i-story story nguS. S. Perrault. "Rick nge-tuft" ngumsebenzi onomdla weglasi. Kwamanye ubukumkani intombi enhle ngokungaqhelekanga yazalwa, ngokokuba unina wayenomdla kakhulu kwaye wayeziqhayisa ngentombi yakhe. Nangona kunjalo, wazala enye intombazana, eyayiye, ngokuchaseneyo, iyatshisa kakhulu. Inkosikazi yayikhathazeke kakhulu ngaye, kodwa into efanayo yamthembisa ukuba intombi encinci yayiya kuba yingqiqo, ngelixa intle, ngokuchaseneyo, iya kuhlala isisidenge. Xa umama eqala ukucela ubuncinane bokuba yingcali enkulu, umlumbi waphendula wathi akayi kwenza nto kuye, kodwa wathembisa ukuba uya kukwazi ukubonisa ubuhle bomntu onokumthanda.

Uphuhliso lwezenzo

Inkcazelo yamagama "I-Rikke ne-tuft", umxholo omfutshane apho kuthethwa ngolu hlobo lokuhlaziywa, lwakhiwe kwimigaqo efanayo neminye imisebenzi yomlobi. Emva kokungena ngasentla, umbhali uchaza ngokufutshane ubomi bakhe babalingiswa. Isikhulu sakhula kwaye, sasihlala sikhulu, kodwa sibonisa ubuchule obuninzi kunye nobulumko ukuba wonke umntu owayemjikelezile wayemangaliswe ngobulumko nolwazi. Ixesha lomthendeleko lo dade lahluke ngokupheleleyo.

Njengoko incinci yaphuhliswa kwaye ingaphezu kweminyaka idlulileyo, ubuhle obudala, ngokuchaseneyo, bube buhle kakhulu imihla ngemihla, kodwa ngelo xesha kwakungekho sidenge, ngokokuba ngamanye amaxesha abazali babengenakukwazi ukumelana nokungazikhetheli intombi yabo ngenxa yokungabikho kwengqiqo kunye nokungacingi. "I-Rick-tuft" - inkcazo yamasiko kunye nokuziphatha okubi, apho umlobi ebonisa ukuba ayikho imbonakalo eyenza umhlaba ongaphakathi lomntu.

Ukuthelekiswa kwama heroines

Umbhali ugxininisa umahluko phakathi kwala ma mantombazana, echaza ukufumana i-reception, ngexesha apho bonke baqala ukuzama ukujongana nobuhle obudala, kodwa ngokukhawuleza bayiphonsa ngenxa yokuba babengakwazi ukudibanisa amagama ambalwa. Ubonisa ukuba umlobi ubonisa ukuba umfundi uqikelele ekubeni yena, uyisidenge, wayesaqonda ukulinganiselwa kwamakhono akhe engqondo. Naphezu kwayo yonke into ebomvu kunye nokuphuculwa kwengcinga, indodakazikazi yayikwazi yonke into eyenzekayo kwaye, eyazi ngokubuya kwayo, wayenqwenela ukufumana ubuncinane ubuncinane nakwiindleko zobuhle bayo.

Intlanganiso yabalinganiswa

Enye yemisebenzi edumileyo yombhali yinto yamanqaku "I-Ricke nge-tuft". Ubani abalinganiswa abasemqoka - umbuzo obonisa ukufana kwawo kunye neminye imisebenzi efana nale. Ukuqwalaselwa kombhali kugxininiswe kubalinganiswa ababini - inkosana kunye nentonga.

Bobabili badibana ehlathini, kwaye kwintetho umfundi ufunda ukuba uRika wangena ekukhangela inkosikazi enhle, kuba wayemthanda naye kwaye wayefuna ukumtshata. Intombazana efanayo kwintetho kunye nenkosana yamxelela ukuba wayexhalabile ngenxa yobubudenge. Ephendula, wathembisa ukumnika ingqondo, kwaye wamnika imvume yokutshata naye emva konyaka. Emva kwalo mhlangano i-princess yaba ngqiqo, kwaye ebomini bayo kwakukho utshintsho olukhulu.

Ubomi obutsha bekhosana

Ukuziphatha kwenkcazelo yamagama "URicke nge-tuft" yenziwa ngumbhali onobuhle obuhle. Injongo ephambili kukuba ukubonakala akuchazi umhlaba wehlabathi, kodwa iimpawu zakhe zokuziphatha. Yiyo le ngcamango ezwakala ngexesha lesibini kwincoko yamaqhawe. Kodwa okokuqala kufuneka uxelele malunga noshintsho olwenziwe nenkosikazi. Waba nengqiqo kwaye wayengqiqo. Ukususela ngoko, kwanamhla wambi u-king ngokwakhe wadibana naye kwimibandela ethile yombuso, kwaye ngamanye amaxesha wahlela iintlanganiso egumbini lakhe.

Le ntombazana yayinabalandeli abaninzi ababephila ngezandla zabo. Emva kwayo yonke inguqu, umthetheli wamlibala ngesithembiso asinikela kwisikhulu. Nangona kunjalo, ngelinye ilanga wajikeleza ehlathini elinye apho wayedibene khona nomlingane wakhe kunyaka odlulileyo waza wabona ukulungiswa okungavamile kwabemi basemhlabeni abaye bamxelela ukuba induna yabo yayitshatile ngaloo mini kwaye babelungiselela umthendeleko womtshato.

Intlanganiso yesibini yamaqhawe

Inkcazo ethi "Rick ngeTeddy", ingcamango ephambili yolu luthando lokwenene kunye nomlingo lunokutshintsha umntu, utyhila abalinganiswa ngentsingiselo yabo entsha kwihlathi emva konyaka. Inkosana yakhumbuza umthetheli wesithembiso sakhe sokutshata naye, kodwa intombazana ephendulayo imxelela ukuba, ngoku, ukuba uhlakaniphile, kuye kwaba ngokufanayo. Umcela ukuba athethelele kwaye uthi ukususela ngoku akakwazi ukuzalisekisa isithembiso sakhe, ngenxa yokuba wathandana nendodana yenkosi enhle kunye nokuqonda okumxelela ukuba amkele isipho sakhe. Ekuphenduleni, uRika wamphikisa ukuba, ekubeni yayikulo ngobomi kunye nolonwabo, wayezimisele ukulwa nomtshakazi wakhe. Ngaphezu koko, umxelela ukuba unokuyenza ibe yinto enhle ngokuthanda. Inkosazana, owayeyithandayo yonke into yakhe ngaphandle kokubonakala, ngokukhawuleza wayenqwenela ukuba uya kuba yindoda enhle, kwaye umnqweno wentombazana yazaliseka ngokukhawuleza. Ekugqibeleni, ukuziphatha kombhali kuyandila ukuba umlingo wefesto apha akukhathali: nje abalinganiswa babethandana kunye kwaye banako ukunikezana oko bangenako.

Umfanekiso wesikhulu

Ibali elithi "Khokhlik" ibali labalinganiswa ababini. Umlingisi ophezulu nguRicke ngokwakhe, ngubani onobuso obubi, kodwa ukhangela abanye ngengqondo yakhe nangengqiqo. Kulo misebenzi kukho izibini ezimbini ngokuthatha inxaxheba-ezi zimbini iingxoxo zomdlali kunye nekosaphokazi. Ngokusekelwe kwingxoxo yabo, umfundi unokudala uluvo lwaluphi uhlobo lomntu. Uyabona, njengoko ngokukhawuleza uyayiqaphela intlungu yenkwenkwezi ngenxa yobubudenge bakhe kwaye uyayiqonda isizathu sokuba namava akhe. Inkosana inomdla kunye nobungane, encokola nentombazana leyo ihloniphekile, kwintetho yesihlandlo yesibini, xa eqala ukugatya isithembiso sakhe aze atshate naye. URicke ubambelela ngokukhwabanisa ukulula: uqala ukuthetha kunye nentombikazi, njengomhlobo wakhe omdala. Inkosana inomdla kakhulu: ngoko, akayifuni kwaye ayifuni ukuba intombazana izalisekise isithembiso sayo ize ishade naye, nangona inelungelo lokwenza njalo. Njengomntu onobuqili, kuqala uqinisekisa isizathu sokwenqaba kwakhe kwaye unxusa ukususa isithintelo esithintela ukuzonwabisa kwabo. Ngoko ke, isiphelo sibonakala sichukumise ngokukhethekileyo, ngakumbi emva kokuba i heroine, eqinisekisiwe yimpikiswano yakhe, ivuma kuye ngeemvakalelo zakhe.

Umfanekiso weNkosana

Umbhali ubhala ingqalelo enkulu ekudaleni kwalo mlingiswa. Le ntombazana inomdla kuba itshintsha utshintsho kwikhosi. Ekuqaleni umbhali udlulisa ingqalelo yomfundi kwinto yokuba uyisilumko nangona unako ukufumana ingqalelo. Inkosazana iyakwazi ukulibala kwengqondo kwaye iyayiqonda yonke into eyenzeka kuyo. Kwintlanganiso yokuqala kunye no-Rika, umfundi unokuphawula ukuba akanalo isigama esaneleyo sokubonisa ngokucacileyo nangokucacileyo iingcamango zakhe, kunokuba ubulumko kunye nokuqonda. Engqondweni yakhe, intombazana, ngokungathandabuzekiyo, isebenza ngentshiseko, kodwa ayikwazi ukuyivakalisa ngokuvakalayo kwaye icace ngokucacileyo imbono yakhe.

Intlanganiso kunye noRika ishintsha yonke into. Kwaye kulo mzekelo, kwakhona, akusiyo imilingo. Uxolo lomntu wabalingiswa lukhokelwa kwinto yokuba intombazana yafumana ukucaca kokucinga kunye nokukwazi ukuthetha ngokuqhelekileyo. Inyaniso kukuba uRicke uthetha naye ngokungathi akukho mntu ngaphambili. Umbhali ongekho nto ugxininisa ukuba wonke umntu ongeke akwazi ukuqhubeka nengxoxo yakhe kwaye nabazali abanothando ngamaxesha ngamaxesha bamhlambalaza ngenxa yokuphazamiseka. Kwaye inkulu inxibelelana naye njengendoda eqhelekileyo: ngokulula, ngokuvulekileyo, ubuhlobo. Ukunyamekela okunjalo kunye nokuhlonela kwakubangele utshintsho olungalindelekanga kumfanekiso wenkwenkwekazi.

Utshintsho kwiqhwithi elinamandla

Incoko yabo yesibini ibonisa i heroine ukusuka kwelinye icala. Eli xesha wayethetha nenkosana ngokulinganayo. Intombazana yazama ukuyiqinisekisa ukuba yinto efanelekileyo, kodwa ayizange iphumelele; emva koko, ngoku ayiphulaphule ngakumbi ilizwi leengcinga kunentliziyo yakhe. Nangona kunjalo, wayeyichukumise ngcokola noRika, intombazana yavuma kuye ukuba iyamthanda. Ebona ukuba akafuni ukutshata naye, wayefuna ukuba abe mnandi, kwaye umnqweno wakhe wazaliseka. Lo mzuzu unomdla kuba kulo mcimbi inkosikazi yakwazi ukunqoba ubandlululo, okwamvumela ukuba abone uRika ukusuka ngaphesheya.

Iingcamango malunga neenganekwane

Abafundi banokuba nomdla kulo mveliso ufumene impendulo. "I-Ricky-tuft" yamukelwa ngokuqinisekileyo ngabo bonke abaye baqhelana nomsebenzi kaPrarault. Abasebenzisi baqaphela ukuba kulula kwaye ngexesha elifanayo isicwangciso esingqongileyo, bayalutyala umbhali ngenyaniso yokuba wakwazi ukudala abalinganiswa abanomdla. Kodwa bayabona inzuzo enkulu yefriythi kwinto yokuba umbhali uchaze le ngcamango elandelayo: uthando lokwenene lunokutshintsha ngokupheleleyo umntu ngaphakathi nangaphandle.