Adipic acid. Izakhiwo kunye Izicelo

Adipic acid (kukho elinye igama le iziyobisi - 1,4-butandikarbonovaya acid, igama ngendlela - geksandiovaya acid) - ukunqaba dicarboxylic acid. It has ifomula yemichiza ilandelayo: HOOC (CH2) 4SOON kunye nefomula gross C6O4H10. It has iipropati yemichiza efanayo njengoko carboxylic acid. Iifom Salt, uninzi lwazo enyibilikayo emanzini (H2O). Esterified kwi indo- nesemono. Kunye glycols geksandiovaya iifom asidi polyesters.

Iimpawu adipic acid

1. ubunzima izinyo yi 146,1 gram / Mol.

2. Density ka 1,36 grams / nolovane.

3. ukunyibilika abanqongopheleyo ethanol, diethyl utywala kunye acetone.

4. Solubility emanzini (H2O) imi ngolu hlobo lulandelayo: ngama-15 - 1,44 g ngalinye 100 g yamanzi; 40 degrees - 5.12 g; e degrees 70 - 34.1 g

Iipropati thermal geksadiovoy acid

1. Ingongoma yokunyibilika yi 153 ° C.

2. Le lobushushu yokubola ngu 210 - 240 ° C.

3. Le abilayo (at 100mm HG) yi-265 ° C.

4. lobushushu decarboxylation yi 300-320 ° C.

5. enthalpy yokutsha yi -2800 kJ / Mol.

6. enthalpy ukunyibilika 16.7 kJ / Mol.

7. uwase enthalpy yi 18.7 kJ / Mol.

Indlela yokufumana adipic acid?

Kwishishini le nto yalungiselelwa ncakasana yi-enezigaba ezibini igcwala of cyclohexane. Okokuqala, umxube cyclohexanol kunye cyclohexanone, nto leyo ke ezahlulwe ulwelo. Kamva cyclohexanone isetyenziselwa ukuvelisa caprolactam, kunye cyclohexanol oxidized 40-60% amandla HNO3 (nitric acid). Ngale ndlela, acid adipic isivuno imalunga alithoba anesihlanu ekhulwini.

Enye iindlela ezithembisayo lokulungisa adipic acid na hydrocarbonylation butadiene.

Ziziphi ezinye iindlela eyenziwa ukufumana asidi carboxylic, ezifana adipic? Luyafumaneka kwakhona ngokuthi oxidizing cyclohexane ne-nitric acid (HNO3) kwi amaqondo obushushu + 100-200 ° C, dinitrogen tetroxide (N2O4) kubushushu ka +50 ° C okanye ozone (O3).

Adipic acid ilungiselelwe yi carbonylation of THF (tetrahydrofuran) njengoko acetic acid adipic, nto leyo ke ngoko kukubonelela qha kweziyobisi njongo.

Ukusetyenziswa adipic acid:

- ubuncwane kuyinto material ekrwada (esetyenziswa malunga alithoba ekhulwini acid eveliswe) ekwenziweni polyhexamethyleneadipamide, kwaye kananjalo polyurethanes kunye esters yayo;

- isetyenziswe njengendawo additive ukutya (E 355 ababhalisiweyo phantsi inani) ukuba anike iimveliso ubumuncu (kuquka ukuveliswa iziselo ezibandayo);

- Adipic acid yinxalenye engundoqo indlela ilungiselelwe descaling;

- isetyenziselwa ukususa izinto abaseleyo emva ngokuzalisa amalungu phakathi iithayile ezenziwe ngodongwe;

- ukusetyenziswa asidi carboxylic ezifana adipic acid, kubalulekile ukuba lokulungiselela intermediates zokwenziwa.

Kuyo nayiphi na indlela yemichiza kuthatha adipic acid?

1. Le compound phezu yokusabela kunye nesinyithi ezahlukeneyo, hydroxides zabo oxides esisiseko lubanika iityuwa esihambelanayo.

2. Kunokuba asuse buthathaka acid ukusuka ityuwa yayo.

3. Phambi olune kuvala adipic acid ihlangana alkoholi. Kule fomu esters.

4. Xa ukufudumeza neetyuwa ze amides acid adipic kwakheka.

5. Phantsi intshukumo ye SOCl2 adipic acid iguqulelwa esiti chloride ahambelanayo.

Esters of Adipic acid  

1. Metiladipinat zisetyenziselwa electrochemical njini dimethylsebacate.

2. Dialliladipinat hardener na ipholiyesta nentlaka.

3. Etiladipinat isetyenziswa njenge isongezo in ipetroli ayitshi ukwandisa inani layo octane.

4. adipate diethyl isetyenziswa njenge plasticizer ekwenziweni bhanya ukutya, izihlangu, PVC, isikhumba zokwenziwa, izinto zokudlala, ilinoliyam, amaceba emsebenzini.

5. adipate diisopropyl isetyenziswa njengenxalenye izithambiso ngenxa yolusu.