"Romeo noJuliet" babhala bani? UShakespeare, "uRomao noJuliet"

Mhlawumbi, kuzo zonke iincwadi zehlabathi akukho msebenzi owaziwayo kunye nomsebenzi ongeke ulahlekelwe ukubaluleka kwawo kangangamakhulu eminyaka, njengomdlalo "Romeo noJuliet". Ngubani obhala ukudala okungenakufa, namhlanje uyaziwa kubo bonke abantu abafundayo. Enye yeentlekele ezenza uWilliam Shakespeare udumileyo nguRomeo noJuliet. Umlobi walo - umbongi waseburhulumenteni owaziwayo kakhulu waseNgilandi kunye nomdlali wezemidlalo-uyabonwa njengowona mkhulu wamanani eenkokheli zoKuvuselela. Ibali lakhe ngoRomeo noJuliet lugcwele umva othabathayo wothando, owunqobayo kuphela iminyaka yobuntuntu, kodwa nokufa.

Imbali yendalo

"Romeo noJuliet" ... Ngubani obhala umsebenzi oqaqambileyo? Kuyaziwa ukuba ngaphambi kokudalwa kwalo mdlalo, kwakukho iziganeko ezininzi kunye namafutshane ambalwa ngabanye ababhali malunga nothando lwabameli ababini beentlanga ezilwa. Isiseko senhlekelele kaShakespeare yintleveli ezintathu. Iyokuqala yayibhalwe ngo-1562 ngu-Arthur Brook, umdlali odlalwayo odlalwayo. Kwabizwa ngokuba yiNkathazo yeMbali ye-Romeus neYuliet. Le nkondlo ithathwa njengomthombo osisiseko kweso sakhiwo apho umsebenzi "Romeo noJuliet" usekelwe khona.

Ngubani obhala enye iprototype yomdlalo kaShakespeare, owaziwayo kwiimbali zoncwadi. Baye yaba yileveli "Romeo noJuliet", eyadalwa ngumbhali oqhelekileyo wase-Italy weXVI leminyaka, uMatte Bandello. Kwaye kamva, umbhali waseNtaliyane kunye nomlando weLiigi Da Porto wabhala incwadi ethi "Ibali labaLandeli abathandekayo ababini", phantse ngokuphindaphindiweyo iqhinga lomdlalo weShakespearean.

Njengoko uyazi, uWilliam Shakespeare wancincizela utshintsho lwemisebenzi yangaphambili, umzekelo, kwimidlalo yokuqala, isenzo senzeke ngexesha elide - malunga neenyanga ezilisithoba. E-Shakespeare, ngesiseko sezinto zonke ezenzekayo, iintsuku ezintlanu zabelwe.

"Romeo noJuliet." Isishwankathelo

Kulo mdlalo, umbhali uchaza iziganeko ezenzeka kwisixeko sase-Itali saseVerona. Iintsapho ezimbini zokulwa, iintsapho ezimbini - iiMontagues kunye neCapeulets, ixesha elide lihamba kunye. Inzondo yabo iyancipha, ke iyaqala kwakhona. Ukugqitywa kokugqibela kuqala ngokuqhaqha kwabakhonzi, ngoko kuya empini yangempela. I-Romeo Montague, indlalifa kwenye yeentsapho, ayithatha inxaxheba kwigazi, uxakeke ekuboneni ubuhle bobuhle bukaRosalina, intliziyo yakhe ayefuna ukuyinqoba. Abahlobo bakhe - uMercutio noBenvolio - ngandlela yonke indlela bazama ukumphazamisa kwiingcinga ezinzima, kodwa uRomao uyaqhubeka ekhala.

Ngeli xesha, intsapho yaseCapulet ibhiyozela iholide elihle. Aba bantu abanalo iingcambu ezinobungqina, kodwa bacebile kakhulu, kwaye bancedwa ngeebhola ezimileyo abazama ukubonisa ngakumbi ubutyebi babo kunye nokunethezeka. Ngeeholide yabo isihlobo sikaDuke ngokwakhe samenywa - Bala iParis, owela phantsi kweentlobo zobuhle bukaJuliet aze abuze intloko yentsapho ngesandla sakhe. Uyise kaYuliet unike imvume yakhe, naphezu kwentombi yakhe. UJuliette uneminyaka eyi-13 kuphela.

Ngeli xesha, abahlobo bakaRomeo bacetyiswa ukuba agqoke imaski aze afake indlu kaCapuletti ibhola ukuze ahlekise. Romeo iyavuma. Esinye sezihlobo zentsapho yaseKapuletti - uTybalt - ufunda eRomao unyana waseMontague, kunye naye. Kodwa ngeli xesha uRoomo ubona uJuliet, uyamthanda kuqala ekuqaleni kwaye uyalibala malunga nendoda yakhe yangaphambili yintliziyo yaseRosaline. U-Juliet uyawa thandana no-Romeo, bafihla kuwo wonke umntu kwaye banike isifungo sokuzinikela.

Ngethuba lokuhlwa emva kwebhola, uJuliet uya ebhaleni waza uqala ukuthetha ngokuvakalayo ngeemvakalelo zakhe ngo-Romeo, uva amazwi akhe aze ammkele ngokukhawuleza. Abathandi baceba ukutshata. Ekuseni ekuseni, uMzalwana uLornzo, umkhonzi weendwendwe zaseSt. Francis, uyabancedisa.

Ngexesha elifanayo, uMercutio noTybalt bahlangana ngengozi. Phakathi kwabo kukhanya ingxabano, kwaye uTybalt ubulala uMercutio. U-Romeo unyanzelekile ukuba abuyisele ukufa komhlobo wakhe, ubulala uTybalt. Emva koko, le nsizwa iyalala, ukuze kungabikho ulaka lukaDuke. Unyanzelekile ukuba abaleke kuloo mzi. Ngaphambi kokuba iRomeo isebenze ubusuku noJuliet, indlela yokusa kwelanga ibonisa ukuhlukana kwabo. Ukuphulaphula ukusa kwentsasa yama-larks, bathetha ukulahla.

Intsapho yamaCapeletts isetyenziselwa ukunika uJuliet ukuba i-Count of Paris, kwaye abazali bomtshakazi baqala ukulungiselela umtshato. Intombazana ekuphelelwe yithemba ifuna induduzo kumntakwabo uLornzo, kwaye imnika icebo lobuqili - ukusela isiselo esiza kumphosa ebuthongweni obukhulu, njengokufa. U-Juliet uya kulala, okwangoku, wonke umntu uya kucinga ukuba ufile, kwaye ngoko uya kuphepha umtshato obulalayo. I-Romeo ithumela ileta apho bayayilumkisa ngayo ngeli cwangciso. Ngelishwa, umthunywa akanalo ixesha lokumxwayisa i-Romeo ngenxa yokuhlenga isithintelo, kwaye iindaba zokufa kukaJuliet ziza kuqala. U-Romeo ubuyela eVerona ukuze ahlasele intanda yakhe.

Xa uJuliet efile, engazi ukuba ulele, uRoom usela ubuthi, akanakucingela ubomi ngaphandle kwakhe. U-Juliet uyavuka xa iRoma ifile. Uyazijonga kakhulu enecala lokufa komntu othandekayo, ehlutha intonga yakhe, ebetha entliziyweni. Xa iintsapho ezikhuphisanayo zeMontague kunye neCapulets zifunda malunga neentlekele, ziyavuma ngokuthula - ukufa kwabantwana babo abathandekayo kunciphisa iintliziyo zabo, inzondo iphelile. Uthando luka-Romeo noJuliet luba nocamagushelo kubo bonke ububi beentsapho ezithandanayo.

William Shakespeare. "Romeo noJuliet." Ngubani obhala ubugcisa

Kukho inkcazelo encinci malunga nobomi bomdlali weNgqungquthela onamandla kunazo zonke uWhite Shakespeare. Akazange agcine idayari, akazange abhale phantsi iimemori zakhe kwaye azihambisani nantoni na. Wonke amaxwebhu anesiginitsha sakhe okanye ubuncinane ezinye iirekhodi ezenziwe ngesandla sakhe zinenani elikhulu lembali.

UWilliam Shakespeare wazalelwa kwidolophu encinane yaseNgilani yaseStratford, ehlala kumanxweme eMlambo Avon, ngowe-1564.

Uyise, umrhwebi ocebileyo, waphawula xa uWilliam eneminyaka elishumi elinesihlanu ubudala. Ukususela kuloo minyaka yena ngokwakhe wayefanele aphile. Ngo-1585 uWilliam Shakespeare waya eLondon. Apho wajika utshintsho oluninzi. Ngokomzekelo, walinda amahashe, ngoxa abahloniphekileyo bebukele le midlalo. Emva koko wangena enkonzweni yendawo yokuzonwabisa, apho amaxesha athile wayengena endaweni yokunyusa, wabhala kwakhona ezinye iindima kwaye waqinisekisa ukuba abadlali bangena kwisigaba ngexesha. Loo msebenzi kwixesha elizayo wamnceda ukuba agqoke imimangaliso, kuba wayesazi kakuhle i-backstage kakuhle.

Kancinci, emva kokukhonza iminyaka emininzi, waphumelela ukuba wanikwa iindima ezincinci kwinqanaba. Emva koko yena waqala ukubhala kunye nokudlala. U-Shakespeare uyaziwa ngeengoma zakhe kunye neengonyane. Ukongezelela kwi "Romeo noJuliet" unokufumana izinto ezingapheliyo - "Iphupha leMidummer Night", "Macbeth", "Ukuluma kweShrew", "Hamlet", "King Lear", "Ngobusuku boBini", "I-Ado Eninzi Ngento" Kwaye nabanye. Kwiimidlalo ezingama-37 zeShakespeare, iingonyama ezili-154 kunye nezibongo ezine ziyaziwa.

Uninzi lweetekisi zakhe, uWilliam akazange azakhele, kodwa wayezicwangcisa iimeko eziyinyani - kukubonga ngale talente ukuba imisebenzi yakhe yaziwa ngokunyaniseka kwabo. Imisebenzi kaShakespeare idlulisela ukuphefumla kwelo xesha - iingcamango zomntu zoBuvuselelo. Imisebenzi yakhe inzulu, abalinganiswa bakhe banokomoya kwaye banamandla, balwa neminqweno yabantu kunye namaqhinga.

Enye yeengcamango ezisisiseko zeGenius Shakespeare: abantu kufuneka bahlaziywe kungekhona ngesimo kunye nesihloko, kungekhona ngezinga lobutyebi okanye isikhundla, kodwa ngeengcamango, izenzo kunye neempawu zabantu. Igalelo likaShakespeare kwilizwe lenkcubeko alikwazi ukugxininisa, imisebenzi yakhe isabalulekile, iphumelele iintliziyo zezigidi zabantu abalandeli jikelele.

UWilliam Shakespeare wafa eneminyaka eyi-52 ngo-1616. Ungcwatywe kwindawo yakubo, eStratford. Kulo ngcwaba kuye kwafika abalandeli abaninzi nabakhenkethi. Mhlawumbi ubomi edolophini buya kufa ngokupheleleyo ukuba kwakungekho udidi lwe "Shakespearean" shishini - yonke into ebonisa isixeko ngokuqinisekileyo ibonisa ingqiqo kaWilliam Shakespeare. Izihlwele zezokhenketho ziza eStratford minyaka yonke ukuzithoba kwingcwaba yomlobi omkhulu kunye nomdlali wezemidlalo.

Iimveliso zentengiso

Umdlalo "i-Romeo noJuliet" yayisigxina amawaka ngamaxesha amaninzi ehlabathi. Mhlawumbi, lo mdlalo ungabizwa ngokuba ngowona owaziwayo kakhulu kwiireperti ezininzi zehlabathi. E-Rashiya, umdlalo "Romeo noJuliet" wawusesikweni kwi-theater "Satyricon" ngaye. A. Raikin, kwindawo yokudlala. I-Pushkin nabanye abaninzi. Abalinganiswa abasemgangathweni ngabadlali abanamakhono amaninzi, abalawuli abakhulu baya kubeka lo mdlalo.

Shakespeare, "i-Romeo noJuliet" - yiyo i-classic yangempela engapheliyo, ukuveliswa kwayo okungaqwalaselwa njengento ehloniphekileyo kuyo nayiphi na imidlalo. Iimculo ezikumxholo wabathandi abangonwabile zihlaziywa rhoqo, ngamanye amaxesha iinkcukacha ezingalindelekanga ziqaliswa kwintlekele, imveliso iguqulelwa ngabantu abanet talente ngendlela engalindelekanga. "Ibali leNtshona ngasemva" - lenye yezinto ezilungiselelwe umdlalo we-classic kaShakespeare, wokuqala wehlabathi owawubanjwe okokuqala ngo-1957. Umdlalo "i-Romeo noJuliet" (umbhali - uShakespeare) - ilifa lemveli yehlabathi, lihlala litsala abantu abaninzi abanomdla weetalente zenkosi enkulu.

Romeo noJuliet kwi-cinema

Ukususela ngo-1900, phantse ukususela ngexesha lokubonakala kwe-cinema, uShakespeare ("i-Romeo noJuliet" ngokukhethekileyo) sele ihlolwe inani elikhulu. Phantse minyaka yonke emazweni ahlukeneyo iifilimu zenziwe ngeentlungu zabathandi. EFransi naseUnited States, eBrithani naseSpeyin, eMexico, eBelgium, eItali, eArgentina, eBrazil nasePortugal, iRomeo neJuliet idlalwe ngabadlali ababalaseleyo kwihlabathi le-cinema. E-USSR, i-ballet yefilimu i-Romeo noJuliet yafotshwa ngo-1983, iindima eziphambili zadlalwa nguAlexander Mikhailov no-Olga Sirina. I-final co-film eyenziwe yi-United States ne-Italy ikhishwe ngo-2013. Wayephumelela kumazwe amaninzi ehlabathini kwaye waqatshelwa njengomnye wezona zinto zingcono ekupheleni konyaka.

Umculo

Ngokusekelwe kumdlalo ongafiyo weShakespeare, ezininzi zemfundo zabhalwa. Ngowe-1830 kwavela i-opera i-Romeo noJuliet ngo-V. Bellini, ngo-1839 - imbongo yesiqhelo kaG. Berlioz, ngo-1938 ibhaltshi yapapashwa ngomculo ka-Prokofiev.

Ukongeza kwii-opera kunye neenguqulelo ze-classical, kukho ezininzi iingoma zamaqela omlambo kunye nabaculi be pop. Iingoma malunga neRomeo kunye neJuliet zenziwa ngu-V. Kuzmin, A. Malinin, S. Penkin, D. Gurtskaya. Igama lomdlalo lisetyenziswe ngamagama e-albhamu zamaqela ahlukeneyo.

Ukuguqulelwa kwincwadi

Umsebenzi "Romeo noJuliet" (uguqulelwe ngesiRashiya kungekhona kuphela) wawuphindiwe ngamakhulu amaxesha. Ngokusekelwe kumdlalo ongapheliyo, iincwadi zikaH. H. Keller kunye neveli ka-Anne Fortier zapapashwa. Ukudalwa kwe "Romeo noJuliet" kwisiRashiya kuqala kubonakala kwisiqingatha sesibini seXIXX. Enye yezona zinto zilungileyo kukuguqulelwa kwe-I. Raskovshenko. Iinguqulelo zikaGrkov, iGrigoriev, Mikhalovsky, iSokolovsky, iSchchepkina-Kupernik, iRadlova zaziwa ngabafundi. Umsebenzi "Romeo noJuliet" (ngesiNgesi wawungumqobo) ekuguquleleni kweB. Pasternak wabingelwa ngokufudumele. Olu khetho lusekude kunona luchanekileyo, kodwa luhle kakhulu kwaye luyintetho. NguPasternak ophethe imigca "Kodwa ibali likaRomeo noJuliet lihlala libuhlungu kwihlabathi ...".

Nyaniso efuna ukwazi

Kuze kube ngoku, abakhenkethi baseVerona bamenywa ukuba batyelele izindlu zaseRomeo kunye noJuliet, kunye namangcwaba abo. Enyanisweni, siyazi ukuba ezi zixhobo ezikhethiweyo azibandakanyeki nabalinganiswa bombhalo weShakespeare. Nangona kunjalo, egcekeni lendlu apho uJuliet kuthiwa wayehlala khona, umfanekiso wakhe, wenziwe ngethusi, umi. Ingqungquthela yasekhaya ithi umntu ochaphazela isifuba sakhe uya kufumana ulonwabo nothando.

Enye into ebangel 'umdla kukuba eItali, xa bethetha ngomdlalo weShakespeare kunye namaqhawe akhe, kuyisiko ukuthetha igama lokuqala le ntombazana, kwaye ke umfana - uJuliet noRomeo. Ngolwimi lwesiRashiya kusemthethweni ukusebenzisa amagama kwisihloko esichaseneyo.

I-Balcony uJuliet-inkcazelo ebalulekileyo yiphina imveliso okanye ifilimu malunga nabathandi bezandi. Nangona kunjalo, kwaziwa ukuba kwi-original version e-Shakespeare akuyibhanki - i-Romeo ayiphulaphule intetho yakhe nje kwifestile. Nangona kunjalo, i-balcony yaseJuliet yagqitywa yaba enye yeenkcukacha ezibalulekileyo kuzo zonke izinto ezenziwa ngabathandi. Ukhokelo lweTyelelo olukhokela iVerona kwaye ngoku lubonisa abahanjethi abaninzi ngokukodwa ibhalkri eyayimi uJuliet.

Ubuntu bembali okanye abalinganiswa bombhali?

Imbali yeRomeo noJuliet inhle kwaye ibuhlungu gqitha. Abaphandi abaninzi, ababhali-mlando kunye nabagxekayo bombhalo banomdla wokubuza ukuba ngaba amaqhawe edlalwa nguShakespeare ahlala. Kuyaziwa ukuba abanye abantu babekho ngokwenene - umzekelo, uEscala, okhankanywe nguShakespeare, ngokwenene nguDuke waseBartolomeo I della Scala. Kucaciswe ngokucacileyo ukuba unyaka uchazwe kumdlalo - 1302nd.

E-Italiyali ngelo xesha kwakukho iimfazwe ezahlukileyo ngokwenene, xa amaqela ahlukeneyo ekhuphisana ngezihloko kunye nobuhle bendlu. Umlando-mlando waseMerika u-Olin Moore wazinikela ekufundeni umlandele wezithandwa iminyaka emininzi, kwaye ngenxa yocwaningo lwakhe kwakunokwenzeka ukufumanisa ukuba kanye ngaloo minyaka, e-Verona, kwakukho iminyango emibili enegama elifanayo -Dal Capello noMonticoli. Phakathi kwabo, enyanisweni, kwakuyi-confrontation, echazwe ngamacandelo ahlukeneyo, abo ababambelelayo beli ntsapho. Imbali yeso sixeko ibonisa ukuba ngokwenene kwakukho intombazana engazange ibuyise umntu ophezulu kwaye watshata nendoda ehlwempuzekileyo, nangona ingcinezelo evela kwizihlobo. Indoda ephosakeleyo yabuyisela, kwaye izithandwa zafa ngexesha lokuhlushwa, kwaye ngaphandle kokuvuma ukuba yintoni na inetyala kwaye ingabandakanyeki emva kokufa.

Kungenzeka ukuba ibali lezithandwa ezibuhlungu, ezichazwe nguShakespeare kwintlekele yakhe, zisekelwe kwiziganeko zangempela, kodwa zatshintshwe ngumbhali kwaye zihlotshiswe ngcaciso yezobugcisa ngokukhululeka okukhulu.

Isimboli sothando olungunaphakade

Intlungu yezibini ezihluphekileyo ezithandekayo, ezisepenini yeWhite Shakespeare, ayizange ilahlekelwe ngokubaluleka kwayo iminyaka emininzi. Ibali lenzeke ngaphezu kweminyaka engamakhulu amane edlulileyo, kodwa umxholo usaphila kwimveliso yamathala amaninzi, ngokubunjwa kunye nokupenda, kumculo nakwi-cinema. Mhlawumbi bonke abantu, kunye neenkcubeko ezahlukahlukeneyo, babeya kuba bahluphekile xa uShakespeare engabhali phantsi umsebenzi wakhe oqaqambileyo.

Imbali kaRomeo noJuliet yindaba echaphazelekayo neyona nto ibonakalayo kwihlabathi. Abantu abaselula bayabonwa njengophawu lweemvakalelo eziphezulu, ukunyaniseka nokunyaniseka, uthando olungunaphakade kunye namandla alo ngaphezu kokufa nexesha. Lo mdlalo unabamkeli abaninzi - kukho iMyuziyam yoLuthando, apho yonke imibukiso iboniswa khona, ibonisa ukuba yinyani yembali ye-Romeo neYuliet. Kukho iiklabhu zabalandeli bezithandwa ezidumile. U-Juliette uyakwazi nokubhala incwadi - kwenye yeeklabhu zakhe zincinci ezizodwa ezifumana imiyalezo ngeelwimi ezahlukeneyo, zifunde kwaye ziphendule egameni likaJuliet.

NgoSuku lukaValentine, ngoFebruwari 14, eli qela likhetha ibali elithintekayo nelithandanayo, kwaye umbhali wencwadi ufumana isipho esivela kuJuliet. Intombazana eneminyaka elishumi elinesithathu ubudala, echaphazeleka yimvakalelo ejulile, inqulwa ngabalandeli njengomntu onokubasikelela abathandekayo, abanike ithemba baze bazise uvuyo lwangempela.

Igqala le abathandi Verona zithandwa kakhulu kule mini - kukho arhente zokuhamba ihotele, ogama lakhe behlonipha Juliet e nezonka confectionery wathengisa ngento igama elifanayo, ukhokela ukhenketho le sendawo, kuthiwa ukubayinxalenye iintsapho Montagues kunye Capulets. Igama "Romeo and Juliet" zinika champagne, ehla, ifenitshala, imibala kunye ntlobo - yonke into, ukuba ndifuna ukuqwalasela yothando nobumnandi. Ngokubanzi, oku kungabonakala ukuba Imboni happy ukuxhasa kwaye bazuze uhlobo le Romeo and Juliet - imbali yabo wathengisa kakuhle kakhulu, kwaye abavelisi abakwazi ukusebenzisa le nto.

Ayinamsebenzi ngokwenene Akukhathaliseki nokuba abalinganiswa kaShakespeare okunene abantu apho bafuna ukuba ukholelwe sentsomi, ukuba siphelelwe lithemba kunye eliphupha malunga imvakalelo ezifanayo ezomeleleyo engcwengekileyo, efana Romeo and Juliet. De siyakwazi ukuba simthande, ibali Romeo and Juliet iya kuba ngomnye kakhulu ethandwa kwaye romantic kakhulu kwi inkcubeko yehlabathi.