Isakhiwo lwangaphakathi Ilanga kunye iinkwenkwezi ulandelelwano namandla Imithombo

Iinkwenkwezi - umzimba iqhelekileyo iphela. akhona abaninzi bachitha ubomi babo ukufunda kwabo. Kulo mzekelo, kunjalo kude umhlaba ukuba ngqo uphando lwabo de iphupho kuphela konke ukukhanya. Kuphela ilanga ifumaneka rhoqo iliso umgama elingephi. Nangona kunjalo, kwimeko zokukhanyisa engundoqo kwinkqubo yethu iplanethi yethu, uninzi parameters zivela izibalo ezisekelwe yemibono kuphela ngokungangqalanga kuqinisekiswa bakubonileyo. Isakhiwo lwangaphakathi Sun, umthombo wamandla yayo, iimpawu ezinye iinkqubo ezenzeka kwigumbi langaphakathi - zonke ezi mpawu itsalwa "kwi incam ebuhlanti." Noko ke, ukuba zanele ukuchaza bokuqonda ezininzi yokuziphatha hayi kuphela inkwenkwezi yethu, kodwa enye efanayo kubo iinkwenkwezi.

parameters

Sun - a inkwenkwezi ecacicleyo uhlobo G2, nenomlanga omthubi. ubunzima balo Kuqikelelwa ukuba ube 2 x 10 ³⁰ kg kwaye radius yi 696 ophosa. I-hydrogen (90%) bulawulwe ngamandla ukwakheka eekhemikhali izikhanyiso, kulandele helium (10%) kunye izinto ezinkulu (ngaphantsi kwe 0.1%). Imithombo yamandla kunye nesakhiwo lwangaphakathi kwelanga ezinento yokwenza umlinganiselo kunye nokuguqulwa kwezi atom.

Ngaxa nganye ukukhanya rhoqo zigcinwe ulungelelwano ababini elichasayo weenqaba womxhuzulane kunye noxinzelelo negesi. Ngenxa ilanga lwabo manyano i ngaphezulu okanye ngaphantsi esitalini umzimba isithuba. Indlela efanayo sisiseko ukugcina uzinzo zonke iinkwenkwezi.

yenyukliya kukungxawu

imodeli solar elingaphakathi eyenziwe ngenxa data kokubona, uhlalutyo ithiyori, spectroscopy kunye neenkwenkwezi nezinye iindlela. Ngokwesiseko iinkcukacha eziqokelelweyo emiselwe iimpawu nkwenkwezi. imithetho eyenziwe kwaye lemibono ezikhoyo okoko nje zicaciswe kakuhle ukuba intshintsho zibonakale ezithe zenzeka kunye zokukhanyisa kunye nezinye iinkwenkwezi ulandelelwano main efanayo.

Ngokutsho izimvo mihla mthombo ephambili radiation elanga reactions yenyukliya rhoqo ibakho core yayo. Kwiqondo lobushushu eliphezulu kakhulu (izigidi 14 degrees Kelvin) inguqu kwenzeka hydrogen ibe helium. Oku ukhupha amandla umxhelo.

amaqela

Isakhiwo lwangaphakathi Sun - imimandla mathathu: core, isothermal, nommandla convective. core sokukhanyisa ithatha malunga ikota radius wayo, kwaye kakhulu kakhulu zixinaniswe eziphathekayo. Kernel Weight - phantse isiqingatha solar iyonke. Kulapha kunye abasabela ngayo izinto yokuqaphela.

Oku kulandelwa zone isothermal. Apha eqalisiweyo ukusabela undoqo, amandla ethuthwa radiation. Le yeyona ndawo kakhulu kwandiswa. Energy kancinane engena kuyo. Njengoko ihamba kwanciphisa amaqondo obushushu kunye noxinzelelo kwigumbi langaphakathi elanga. Xa ezithile ezi nkqubo parameters yokusebenza පිළිතුරු iimpendulo zenzeka - umaleko elandelayo iqala sokukhanyisa. Apha, ukhutshelo ufezwa kweziyobisi. Izowuni පිළිතුරු iimpendulo kweLanga ngaphantsi kakhulu isothermal (yesixhenxe inxenye radius).

enxulumene ngokokwakheka

Isakhiwo lwangaphakathi Ilanga kunye iinkwenkwezi ngokulandelelana eyinhloko efanayo. Kuyinto zisenokwahluka kwimeko iinkwenkwezi eziluhlaza kunye UDema ebomvu. Kuba yoqobo core convective kuqala indawo eyandisiweyo ngokwaneleyo transfer unyulu (isothermal). Red kwintabalala kwi indawo ukulandelelana lamanqanaba ezifana nezo iinkwenkwezi Sun-like. Noko ke, baye alawula izowuni පිළිතුරු iimpendulo kunye nokudluliselwa radiative kuthatha kuphela inxenye encinci.

emoyeni

Eqhelekileyo kuthi evela phezu iLanga ayikho. Zi, singafani zonke iinkwenkwezi, ukuba ibhola oqaqambileyo yigesi. Umphezulu ngokuqhelekileyo zabelwe kwaye ikhetha zone convective yesikhanyiso kunye nomoya. Kwakhona ayikhuphi ngeengcamba ezintathu.

Isakhiwo lwangaphakathi Ilanga kunye neenkwenkwezi bokulandelelana engundoqo, efana kuyo, iqukumbela izowuni පිළිතුරු iimpendulo. Kuyinto omelene ngqo photosphere, umaleko imitha-300 apho ukukhanya nemikhanzi emajukujukwini, kuquka Umhlaba. Iqondo lobushushu avareji yale nxalenye - 5800 K. Njengoko umgama ukusuka umaleko convective liwa kwixabiso ka 4800 K. The photosphere kwaphela kakhulu. mninzi yawo ngokuphindwe kaliwaka ngaphantsi kwe i parameter efanayo zezulu on Earth. Ngokuthe ngcembe, ayajika kulo chromosphere, nto leyo ifumaneka emva kokuba corona elanga.

Ukubunjwa umoya

Umxholo ngezinto ezithile kweqokobhe zangaphandle yobumhlophe wagqiba ukusebenzisa Uhlalutyo. data zakhe zibonisa ukuba ukwakhiwa yemichiza ye-atmosfere elanga kuyafana kwisizukulwana yesibini beenkwenkwezi (ukuba kwasekwa kule minyaka billion embalwa edlulileyo). Ngokungafaniyo langaphambili, ukuba luphawulwa enamanani amakhulu kakhulu-athom ye elements nzima ngaphezu hydrogen kunye helium. Ilanga kunye adalwa ezifanayo emva kokutshatyalaliswa isizukulwana lokuqala iinkwenkwezi Kumbindi apho kwinkqubo fusion kwaye ukusekwa izinto ezisindayo.

chromosphere

Isakhiwo lwangaphakathi ilanga neenkwenkwezi azifumaneki ukuze ahlolwe ngqo. Kukwanjalo ke malunga ekulandeleni izikhanyiso umoya khazi photosphere. ukukhanya okukhulu sikuvumela ukuba ubone kuye kuphela ngexesha kwelanga ngokuphelele elanga. Eliqokobe ubizwa ngokuba "chromosphere", gama elo elithetha "kwinqanaba obugolide". Ngelo xesha xa inyanga occludes ilanga, ukuba unenxaxheba nombala ezipinki, imbonakalo ekhuthaza hydrogen. Yiyo le ngxenye yinxalenye onomtsalane a chromosphere rarefied kakhulu.

Le lobushushu ingaphezulu nwebu yangaphambili. Le meko luchazwa nokuhla lexinene mbandela. Kwiingcamba eliphezulu lobushushu chromosphere i kufika kumgomo 50,000 Kelvin.

umqhele

hydrogen line ecacicleyo iyayeka ukuba distinguishable nomphakamo 12,000 iikhilomitha ngaphezu photosphere. A phambili umganyana, azafunyanelwa ndawo buqapheleke ngecalcium. line yayo spectrum liyalahleka emva km-2 000. A ukuphakama 14,000 km ngaphezu photosphere ithathwa ekuqaleni corona, iqokobhe engaphandle inkwenkwezi wethu wesithathu.

Uphakamile phezu eziqingqiweyo kwelanga, umoya uba zamahlathi kangako yaye iqondo elikhulu. Corona, plasma i ezabanjwa, ngumsindo ukuya kwizigidi ezi-2 degrees Kelvin. Ngenxa yoko, le ndawo uba into umthombo esisigxina onamandla-X-reyi kwaye yelanga.

Uphando lubonisa ukuba ubude isithsaba 30 radii elanga. I kude chromosphere, kokukhona zamahlathi iba. umaleko yayo yokugqibela eliya ngaphandle komhlaba, kusekwe umoya elanga.

elizayo

Isakhiwo lwangaphakathi Langa, njengoko kubonakala zizazinzulu namhlanje andiyi kunigqibela kuphele njalo. Maxa wambi, ngokutsho iingqikelelo malunga 5 bhiliyoni iminyaka, ilanga liya Uphelelwe stock yesibaso. Ngenxa yoko, isakhiwo lwangaphakathi ilanga ukutshintsha kakhulu: olungundoqo zixinaniswe ukuya ubungakanani phindwe kane 100 ubungakanani kwezibane mihla, yaye iqokobhe yayo eseleyo kuba kuhle kancinci umoya. inkwenkwezi wethu uya kungena kwisigaba elikhulu ebomvu. Emva emashumini ezimbalwa ngaphezulu kwamawaka eminyaka, uyakhululeka kweqokobhe Sun eyandisiweyo xa emkhathini ukukhanya aya kujika abe yingqakumbana emhlophe.

ngabaza

Uphuhliso iziganeko ungaya imeko eyahlukileyo, ngenxa yokuba imithombo yamandla kunye nesakhiwo lwangaphakathi ilanga neenkwenkwezi ezifana kuye, nangoku ayaziwa ngokupheleleyo. Kuye Kucetyiswa ukuba fusion zenyukliya akuthethi zidlala ndima ebalulekileyo, leyo yena nguye. yesiqinisekiso ngokungathanga le - le neutrinos yelanga, hayi kanye mandithi, ukungabikho kwayo. Ezi amasuntswana akhiwa ngexesha indlela fusion kunye ube nekhono enamandla ukulalwa, ngamanye ziye kakuhle zifike Umhlaba. Noko ke, ukulungisa, ukuze kude akuphumelelanga.

Esinomdla data iqela ngeenkwenkwezi eyayikhokelwa Academician AB Northern. Ngokutsho kwabo Sun ahlangabezana okunzulu ezincinane. Yokuba kunokwenzeka kuphela xa ekukhanyeni efanayo. Oko kukuthi, ukuba bekunokwenzeka ukuba zifake isakhiwo lwangaphakathi Sun photo bekuya kubonisa ukufana ngokupheleleyo lamanqanaba. Ngaloo iyadi lights ubushushu kufuneka yezigidi 6.5 degrees Kelvin ukuba incinane basabele yenyukliya. Nangona lo mbono luya lusiba nochatha kuphela.

Ngenxa yoko, isakhiwo lwangaphakathi Sun, isishwankathelo esifutshane apha, kufuna ukuqwalaselwa ngakumbi. Mhlawumbi ukuqonda ngokupheleleyo iinkqubo ezikhoyo ezinzulwini iinkwenkwezi, ziya kufumaneka kuthi kuphela emva kokuba ukuphucuka okukhulu izixhobo kunye neendlela kwingqiqo.