Yintoni fusion yenyukliya?

Indlela abasabela yenyukliya - a ngeeatom phakathi nuclei ukukhanya elibaleka kwiqondo lobushushu eliphezulu kakhulu (mkhulu 108 K). Ngenxa yoko isixa esikhulu amandla ngohlobo neutron womelele yaye ziluhlaza Isalathisi - amasuntswana ukukhanya.

amaqondo obushushu aphezulu, kunye nuclei amandla ngenxa yoko ezinkulu zingqubane ukuze onokuwoyisa ngayo umqobo electrostatic. Le isithintelo sibangelwa isizathu sobabini eziba (njengoko amasuntswana ezifana-icala). Kungenjalo babengayi kukwazi ukusondela kumgama elaneleyo ukuba amandla enyukliya (oko kukuthi malunga 10-12 cm).

Indlela abasabela yenyukliya yi ukuyilwa eziba leyo zihambisana kakhulu omnye komnye, ka looser. Phantse zonke kuyinto ngayo fusion (fusion) nuclei lula heavy.

Namandla entshukumo ezifunekayo ukoyisa isizathu efanayo ukuba zandiswe kunye nokwanda intlawulo yenyukliya. elula Ngoko ke sidlula ngxubevange nuclei ukukhanya bengabaveleli ezincinane zombane.

Kwindalo, basabela fusion kungenziwa kuphela ngaphakathi zeenkwenkwezi. Ukuphunyezwa kwayo phantsi kweemeko ezisentlabathini kufuneka kufudunyezwe unesimo enye yeendlela okunokwenzeka:

• ibhombu yenyukliya;
• msebe kakhulu kwamasuntswana bombardment;
• enamandla laser ukubetha okanye wokuqhuba igesi.

indlela yenyukliya, leyo ngaphakathi iinkwenkwezi, kudlala indima enkulu inxaxheba ekudalweni nasekusungulweni iphela. Okokuqala, ukususela eziba hydrogen iinkwenkwezi akhiwa imichiza elizayo, yaye okwesibini, kukho umthombo wamandla inkwenkwezi.

Ukusabela yenyukliya kwi Sun

On ilanga njengomthombo wamandla ezivelileyo umjikelo reaction Proton-Proton xa protons ezine umntu elakha helium. I-eneji ephuma ngexesha njini, ufuduswe umke ngokwenza nuclei, neutron, neutrinos ufaka radiation electromagnetic. neutrinos Ukufundisisa evela umsinga ilanga, izazinzulu nga kucacisa uhlobo kunye abasabela yenyukliya intesnivnost ukuba kwenzeka sesazulwini sayo.

Le ngobunzulu avareji amandla kwelanga ngemilinganiselo basemhlabeni ayinamsebenzi - IsiNdebele 2 kuphela / s * g (1 gram of mass elanga). Eli xabiso incinane kakhulu isantya electrowinning in vivo ngexesha ukutya eqhelekileyo. Kuphela ngenxa yokuba omkhulu umlinganiso Sun (1033 g * 2) Amandla iyonke yemisebe ngabo lixabiso elikhulu njengoko 4 * 1028 watts.

Ngenxa yobukhulu enkulu kunye ubunzima ingxaki kwelanga kunye nezinye iinkwenkwezi, kunye nokugcinwa plasma iyatyhilwa kwi yokugquma thermal baphuhlisa: reactions kwenzeka core ashushu, kunye transfer ubushushu kwenzeka nge kwindawo ebandayo. Nje ngoko ke iinkwenkwezi ukuvelisa amandla eyiyo kwinkqubo olucothayo enjalo, njengoko umjikelo Proton-Proton. Xa iimeko ezweni, ngayo loo nto kwenzeke.

Fusion energy - ngokusekelwe elizayo

On iplanethi yethu, iyavakala isicelo kwaye usebenzise kuphela reactions fusion kakhulu - ingakumbi Yindibanisela helium kunye eziFihliweyo nuclei Leiter. Indlela enjalo ngezinga elikhulu kakhulu zinako ukufikeleleka kude kangaka nje kuvavanyo udubulo naweebhombu hydrogen. Noko ke, rhoqo kuqhutywa zonke iziganeko ezitsha ukuze avelise ngempumelelo amandla ngoxolo. kwamandla enyukliye isebenzisa indlela ukubola, ngangokuba energy yenyukliya ehlaziya ababandakanyekayo. Kule asabela fusion kukho intlaninge yeenzuzo phezu indlela ngokucandeka yenyukliya.

1. Xa reactions fusion oko kunokwenzeka ukuphepha ukungakhuseleki kwemitha nemveliso amandla kulo mzekelo yeyona energy "ezihlambulukileyo" ukukhanya.

2. Xa inani iinkqubo ezifunyenweyo amandla mbawula kude ziphumelela eqhelekileyo ngeeatom, asetyenziswa zamandla mihla.

3. Ukwenzela ukugcina indlela ngokucandeka enyukliya, kufuneka esweni rhoqo wobhobhozayo neutron, okanye ilandelwe yi-chain reaction ongalawulekiyo, esongela uluntu. Kuba amandla fusion izakusetyenziswa endaweni lobushushu eliphezulu neutron wampompoza, kodwa iingozi ezinjalo shwaka.

4. Le sibaso reactions yenyukliya ngozi, ngokuchaseneyo yokubola iimveliso kukudla enyukliya zamandla.

Akunjalo eside eyadlulayo, izazinzulu American bakwazi ukuyila umfuziselo ukusebenza sokungamelani yenyukliya apho amandla zikhutshwa izihlandlo ezilikhulu amandla. Kuyinto isicelo elungileyo yimpumelelo ngakumbi "balawule" zamandla nokumanyana.