Amafutha okuthutha: udidi kunye neempawu

Ii-oyile zokuhambisa ziindawo ezizodwa zeenjini ezijoliswe ekusebenziseni kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zokutshatyalaliswa kwezithuthi, kunye nakwiibhokisi zeebhokisi ezahlukeneyo. Ii-oyile kunye nee-oyile zokuhanjiswa ziveliswa kwi-mineral or synthetic basis, kwaye zenziwe zidibeneyo ngeendidi ezahlukeneyo, kodwa iimfuno zokudluliselwa ziphezulu, kuba zisebenza kwimithwalo ephakamileyo kakhulu kunye nokukhawuleza ukuhamba kweempahla. Enye yezona zibonakaliso zibaluleke kakhulu zeoyile ziyakwazi ukudala ifilimu ekhuselekileyo kwiindawo zokuqhaqhazela ukukhusela umnxibelelwano phakathi kwabo. Kwiimpahla zee-hypoid, ii-oyile zisetyenziselwa ukuba, xa zisabela kwiikhemikhali kunye neendawo ezithintekayo, zithintelwe ukuba ziyeke, zinezixhobo zokulwa ne-anti-seization. Ngethuba lokusebenza, i-oyile yokuhambisa i-oxidize kwaye ihlambuluke, ngoko kufuneka iguqulwe ngokukhawuleza. Ioli ecocekileyo ithathwa njengowamafutha kunye nomgangatho ophantsi we-oxidation. Ekubeni abavelisi abahlukeneyo basebenzisa izithako ezahlukeneyo, iimveliso zabo azixubeki. Xa utshintshi iyunithi yokuhambisa, kufuneka ihlambuluke ngokupheleleyo, ukuba kunokwenzeka ngeoli enye entsha.

Ukuchonga amafutha okuhambisa, mhlawumbi nge-viscosity okanye ngokusebenza. Ngoko ngo-SAE (i-Automobile Engineers Association) bahlula kwiiklasi ezilisithoba-ezintlanu zasehlobo nasebusika (kunye ne-W). Kwiklasi nganye, isalathisi se-viscosity sibonisiwe. SAE 70W okanye SAE 250, umzekelo. Kwioli e-multigrade, inkcazelo yesibini ibonisiwe (SAE 80W-90, njl.).

I-API (i-American Petroleum Institute) ihlula amafutha kwiiklasi eziyi-6 kuxhomekeke kwiipropati zokusebenza-GL-1 ... GL-6. Ezi klasi zifana nezo zisetyenziswa kwi-Soviet GOST 17479.2-85 TM1 ... TM6. Iqela lesihlanu nelesithandathu lisetyenziselwa iimpahla ze-hypoid kwaye zineempawu ezigqithiseleyo zokugcoba nokugqithiseleyo.

Xa ukhetha ii-oil oil, kufuneka ugxininise kwiimeko zomsebenzi wazo. Ukuba iklasi liphantsi kunyanzelekile, le ndlela izakuphela, kwaye i-oyile ephakamileyo iya kuba neendleko eziphezulu, eziza kubakho kwiindleko eziphezulu. Kwakhona kubalulekile ukuqwalasela ukuba zeziphi ukushisa ukuhanjiswa kwazo kuya kusebenza, kwaye uqhubeke ukusuka kulo ukukhetha i-lubricant. I-SAE 85W, umzekelo, iya kusebenza kumaqondo okushisa ukuya kuma -12 ° C, kunye no-85W sele sele ifika kwi -40 ° C. Ukuthunyelwa ngokuzenzekelayo i-liquid-viscosity ekhethiweyo isetyenzisiweyo, ngoko akukho mafutha okanye ioli yokutyelela isetyenziswe khona.

Namhlanje kwimarike uluhlu olukhulu lwabathengi banikela ngeoli zabo zokuhambisa - iLukoil, i-Total, i-Texaco, iRexol, i-Norsi nabanye abaninzi. Iindidi zezixhobo ezongeziweyo ezisetyenzisiweyo zigqiba zombini izinga lomgangatho weoli, kunye nexabiso lentengo. Amaminerari, ngokuqhelekileyo, aphantsi, kodwa asebenza ngaphantsi, ama-synthetics ahluke ngokuthe ngqo. Ulungelelaniso oluhle kulo mzekelo luya kuba semisynthetics, njengento yegolide ephakathi kwamabini okuqala. Kufuneka uqaphele kunye neefake kwaye ungathengi ioli kwiindawo zokungatshintshi. Ukutshintsha ibhokisi kuhlala kubiza kakhulu kunokuba kuthathe ioli efanelekileyo, i-quality, ngakumbi ukususela ngoku ikhulelwe kwiikhilomitha ezingama-60 okanye ngaphezulu ukusuka ekutshintsheni indawo.