Ipotaziyam khloreyithi

Amaxesha amaninzi iba into ebizwa potassium khloreyithi ityuwa, ekhemesti yi igama France - Berthollet, wawavulayo khloreyithi potassium, ifomula apho orekhodiweyo ukuba KClO3. Berthollet ukuhlola zabo ezibonakalayo ngenxa yesenzo neklorin isisombululo obrak kwiqondo lobushushu eliphezulu ngexesha basabela. Ngenxa yale simo zifunyenwe potassium chloride, potassium khloreyithi kunye iimolekyuli zamanzi ezintathu. Xa sihlalutya formula iziyobisi, kufuneka sinikele ingqalelo koko bertoletova netyuwa esisityebi kunene kwioksijini.

Ngaphandle bertoletova netyuwa a ziikristale ezingenambala apho abe ukuxinana 2,32 grams nganye sentimitha cc xa 356oS lobushushu uqale ukunyibilika kwaye 400 ° C - ukubola. Ukunyibilika osisiqu yi 3.25 grams ngamnye ikhulu iigrem isisombululo zolwelo kubushushu ka-0 ° C. Ngenxa yokwanda lobushushu ukunyibilika potassium khloreyithi ukunyuka ngokunjalo.

Nge lobushushu ezaneleyo zokufudumeza kulula kakhulu "hlukana" athom ioksijini ukuba kuxhonywe inxaki onjalo: 2KClO3 = 2KCl + 3O2.

Ngokuqhelekileyo, kuba potassium khloreyithi kuba basabela, apho igesi yeKhlorini uphunyeziwe phantsi koxinzelelo lomoya ngenkani ngokusebenzisa isisombululo lobushushu eliphezulu potassium - hayidroksayidi okanye carbonate.

Ngexesha ukusabela kunye hydroxides, chlorine umlambo sibhekiswe ngokusebenzisa i-30% isisombululo potassium hayidroksayidi, kwaye xa isetyenziswa carbonates lokucoca ezinjalo izenzo bagxila ukuya kwinqanaba-45% solution potassium carbonate.

Kubalulekile ukuba ngexesha lo msebenzi onesiphumo ziikristale izinto musa ucingo umendo igesi-ephethe kufuneka unikeze ukusetyenziswa ngexesha alonzha basabela.

Emva koko, potassium khloreyithi, efunyenwe ngohlobo ziikristale kufuneka kuhluzeka uboya iglasi kwaye zonekwe kakuhle. Kufuneka kuphetshwe ekusebenziseni izinto kwephepha technology lokucoca kuba bertoletova ityuwa ithe zisenokuxabana ifayibha equlethwe ephepheni, kwaye zingabanga uqhushumbo.

Zininzi iindlela apho ungafumana Ipotaziyam khloreyithi ityuwa. Thina ukuchaza ezinye zazo.

Flag mfuma Wurtz 5-10 grams permanganate, uze usebenzisa ifanele elingaphambili ukuba kuyimfuneko ukufaka igutyana ngesisombululo, ukudubuleka omalunga 30-70 omise of zehydrochloric acid wamandla. Ngcono ngokubanzi ukwenza drip, kuba ngale ndlela kulawulwa ngokusebenzayo nangakumbi izinga ekumisweni chlorine ngexesha basabela.

Fumana potassium khloreyithi ngu electrolysis kunye angenza. Ukulungiselela le njongo isisombululo oludibeneyo eziqhelekileyo ityuwa wabola yangoku yombane. Le yokusabela yenziwa ngolu hlobo lulandelayo. Kuthatha isixa esithile netyuwa, ukuze lidityaniswe ilungileyo non-iodine kunye. Umgangatho izixhobo ezisetyenziswa yi i electrode ezimbini grafayithi, iglasi, iingcingo zombane, kwitoti, igutyana ongenasiphelo Wurtz. Iingcingo siqhagamshelwe step-phantsi sombane kusetyenziswa rectifier esiguqula AC ukuya DC. Electrolysis kwenziwe kwiqondo lobushushu isisombululo-70 - 80 degrees.

Indlela abasabela yenza potassium chloride, nto leyo kakhulu enyibilikayo emanzini ngaphezu bertoletova ityuwa ngakumbi. Ngoko ke, emva kokuba ekuhambeni indlela, potassium khloreyithi mayifakwe kwi iindonga isitya kwaye i chloride potassium unyityilikiswa emanzini.

Xa usenza imifuniselo eyahlukeneyo kunye nezenzo kunye into eziyimfuneko ukuze sinikele ingqalelo yokuba kwimixube, ingakumbi organic izinto - umonakalo omkhulu kakhulu, kwakunye "onobuzaza" ukuphendula zonke iintlobo ayekelele, ukubekwa kumaqondo obushushu aphezulu. Phakathi kwezinto ezininzi esebenzayo leyo basabela kunye khloreyithi ityuwa ziquka isalfure, kwistibhiya, carbon emnyama njengesiqhelo, iphosphate ezibomvu, nokuba iswekile nestatshi.

A ingozi oluthile potassium perchlorate - Potassium Perchlorate. Le ezimbaxa sele iziqhushumbisi enamandla kakhulu, isetyenziswa njalo nje "medium Working" kwi iziqhushumbisi, projectiles nasemigodini. Xa zinde ixesha yokugcina, le ayimbumba ngokuzenzekelayo phemba.