Inqanawa "uKumkanikazi Maria". Ukufa ke wempi "uKumkanikazi Maria"

Imbali imikhosi yomkhosi wamanzi ehlabathini ihlabathi lizele iimfihlelo. Loo umatshini ontsonkothe wempi, ezele izixhobo, izixhobo kunye nezithuthi, ukuphathwa engafanelekanga ukuba enokukhokelela ukulahleka isitya. Kodwa oku ayichazi yonke into. LweNtlekele badla ezidlulayo msinyane kunye nobungakanani exelela zonke iimeko zakhe, akukho namnye. Kwendiza kwe imfumba ngesinyithi, ephothiweyo, ngokuqhelekileyo elele ezantsi, ngoko uphando kunye ukucaciswa sezizathu nzima kakhulu. Ngoko ke waba "Fuso" iinqanawa Japanese, "Congo," "Mutsu", "Yamato", dreadnoughts American "Arizona", lo Cruiser Italian "Roma" eSoviet "uMarat", IsiNgesi "Barham" yaye "Hood". In kwempi ixesha Ukholo ke wongezelela "Novorossiysk". Ukufa ke wempi "uKumkanikazi Maria" ngo-Oktobha 1916, kusenokwenzeka ukuba kwaziwe ukuba kunzima ukuchaza amanqaku ngembali.

Series Zempi best

Ngokwahlukileyo koko abaninzi, imvelaphi yayo wachaza indlela ethile iinkokheli nembali pre-revolution yangaphakathi Soviet Party, uBukhosi Russian wayengenguye ilizwe ngasemva. Ukuvulwa izazinzulu zethu ngonaphakade wokulondoloza imali yenzululwazi yehlabathi. iinjineli zombane Russian iphuhlise inkqubo yehlabathi yokuqala umbane ontlantlu-ntathu, owavela motor yoqheliso kwaye uqhagamshelwano engasebenzi ngeengcingo. Zonke ezi mpumelelo iye yasetyenziswa kuyilo leenqanawa omtsha Imperial Navy, waqalisa imveliso ngo-1911. Kwakukho ezintathu: i wempi "uKumkanikazi Maria" waba ngowokuqala kubo. "UKumkanikazi n Velikaya" yaye "I koMlawuli Alexander III of" ngokubanzi ngokuphindaphindiweyo amacebo akhe, nangona, njengoko kudla kunjalo, kuthathelwa ingqalelo eyakhelwe ezenzeka ngexesha lenkqubo yokwenza iingcamango ezintsha. Ngentwasahlobo yowama-1914 iyunithi intloko sele zifakiwe. Kwathi lixesha ithuba. KweMfazwe Yehlabathi II, nto leyo eyaqala kunye kuqhume ebonakala ngequbuliso waduma aseSarajevo, njengoko yamothusa enyanisweni wayengekho. Zempi uhlobo "uKumkanikazi Maria" kakhulu elungelelaniswe intsalela igunya yeqonga izityholo namazibuko imisebenzi zomkhosi. weenqanawa Russian Tsushima waphilisa amanxeba.

igama abomvu

iinqanawa Series wafumana amagama abantu abathile yobukhosi State Russian. Okubangel 'umdla kukuba, loo inqanawa kuphela "uKumkanikazi Maria" Black Sea Fleet iye ogama lakhe behlonipha ophilileyo, Welcome ngexesha Alexander III kumhlolokazi, nee Danish Princess Louise Nozipho Frederika Dagmar, waba ngokuthanda yokwenene Russian, ngasendleleni, nakuba imvelaphi bakhe bezinye iintlanga. Nangona kunjalo, oku sele kwenzekile, kwanele ukuba ukukhumbula uCatherine Omkhulu, ogama lakhe ndinesinye wempi zohlobo olufanayo. Ngaphandle kwamathandabuzo, lo mfazi ifanelwe le mbeko, ngaphandle, yena engunina uNicholas II. indima yayo kwimbali Russian nto inkulu, ndaphelelwa ngamandla unesimilo, ububele nokulunga kobomi ekhuphisana ngempumelelo ngobuhle bangaphandle.

Maria Feodorovna i Isiphelo ebuhlungu, wafa ekhayeni lakhe Denmark (1928), ngelo xesha ukuba elubhacweni kunye personifying kuye nesabelo Russian, owaba ithuba ukuze adle isonka ekrakra komhlaba nabaphambukeli, "kungasali soma." Kwaye phambi kokuba walahlekelwa abantu bakhe abathandekayo close: oonyana ababini, intombi, nabazukulwana emine kunye nomzukulwana.

Iimpawu lomkhumbi

Inqanawa "uKumkanikazi Maria" yaba inqanawa ngandlela zonke ezimangalisayo. ngokukhawuleza oko ekuphuhliseni isantya phantse 24 amaqhina (40 km / h) iyalayisha amawaka amabini. T amalahle kunye neetoni 600 yeoli kwamafutha na lokuzimela iintsuku ezisibhozo, iqela yayiquka oomatiloshe 1260 kunye namagosa. Power Plant - uhlobo turbine, izilingo oomatshini amabini ukuya 10 000 iilitha. a.

Zempi - uhlobo olulodwa izixhobo yomkhosi wamanzi, ukuba kumgangatho ophezulu izixhobo zokudubula. turrets abane baxhotyiswe ngemipu ezintathu intshi-12 (Yaduma Obukhov mveliso) ngamnye. Ukongeza kule ibhetri engundoqo, kwathiwa thaca ngokwemfundo kwanancedisayo,-mali lamaqhosha-32. Ezi guns anentsingiselo ezahlukeneyo, phakathi kwabo kwakukho anti-moya, nto leyo ebonisa ubuchule lweenjineli Russian ucinga ngendlela yaye athathele ingqalelo usongo okuhlaselwa lomoya. Kwakukho enye eyilwe eyahlula le wempi "uKumkanikazi Maria". Imizobo superstructures kwenziwa ukuba kunikwe ingxelo ngayo nayiphi na ukwanda kwicandelo lomlilo, ngoko ke amandla ivolibholi encinane ixhomekeke kwi-engile kuthelekiswa target ukuba izinga.

Iziphumo inomzimba ngemibhobho ibekwe ngezantsi kwamanzi, kwaba impumelelo olululo ngelo xesha. umzimba olusisikhokelo weentonga umaleko ububanzi 250 mm, kwaye ke ukhuselwe kumgangatho. amagama akhetekileyo ufanelwe kunye nenkqubo umbane yoba ngumkhombe wodwa. Inqanawa "uKumkanikazi Maria" anika i neCAPS ezintandathu (zibizwa ngokuba umbane namhlanje). Bonke oomatshini enzima batshintshana injini yombane, ingakumbi, phezu kwenqaba ngalinye zokudubula yaba ziziqwenga 22.

Loo sikhephe sasiza ukwenza yokulwa imishini, nkqu ngexesha lethu.

Indlela walwa wempi

Xa ekwindla ka-1915 ngobunzulu okanye amandla amadabi yolwandle kuLwandle Black lalonyukile. Turkey, njengehlakani Austria-Hungary, wabonisa umsebenzi lwengingqi, hayi ngaphantsi ngamandla baziphathe ngwenya zezithuthi waseJamani. Ukuphendula, i-Black Sea Fleet phantsi zokudubula bombardment kwamazibuko zonxweme osemantla Ottoman - Eregli, Kilimli, Zunguldak kunye neebhokhwe. Kwi wempi flagship, "uMariya", nelawulwa Naval Operations Admiral Kolchak. Ngenxa iqela njengokuba iinqanawa ngakumbi nangakumbi utshaba zitshone. Cruiser isiJamani "Breslau" awayihlangula kwizithuthi Turkish ngoFebruwari, ababanga nako ukwenza umsebenzi kunye ayifiki alishiye wempi Russian, wafumana ukonzakala ezininzi. Kuba yonke 1916, omnye Raider waseJamani, "Gabin", ezintathu kuphela sendide ukuya kuLwandle Black somfula Bosphorus Strait, kodwa hayi ngenxa elide akuphumelelanga. Kuhambo lwakhe lokugqibela ukuya ethekwini Sevastopol wempi "uKumkanikazi Maria" wabuyela 6 Oktobha 1916.

Amaxhoba kunye abasindileyo

Ngokungafaniyo nezinye ezininzi iintlekele emanzini, wakwazi ukusinda kweyona weqela. amalungu crew 1260 wafa ngoko nangoko njengoko imithombo eyahlukeneyo kubantu-152 ukuya 216. Inani belimele watshisa zazisuka kubantu ezilikhulu ukuya 232. Nangona ukunika unyango ongxamisekileyo, wafa esibhedlele nokuba oomatiloshe omnye anamashumi mahlanu. Ngenxa yoko, ukulahleka wempi "uKumkanikazi Maria" iye yabangela ukufa kwabantu ezingamakhulu amathathu namashumi amahlanu (isikolo esikhulu), ezimele malunga nama-28% kwiqela lonke. Amaxhoba bezingaba ngcono kakhulu, kodwa ke, ngethamsanqa, phantse bonke oomatiloshe, bangazange ethwele Watchkeeping, bathatha inxaxheba inkonzo ngomthandazo lwenzeka kwi kumgangatho aft. Njengoko bathi, uThixo ukusindisa.

wokuzibonela

Oko kwenzeka kwi wempi ekuseni ngo-Oktobha 7, waxelela nabasindileyo amalungu enqanaweni. Ngandlel 'ithile, ingqina nga ngokuba bonke Sevastopol, ndavuswa kwingozi embi. Abantu sibonile yonke umfanekiso ntlekele ukusuka elunxwemeni kunye nezinye Unjengeenqanawa Black Sea Fleet ngempazamo, bathi dubulo Eyokuqala yavuthela off iindawo foremast, ugwali ngaphambili kunye nenqaba conning. Kodwa sizathu siphambili kumzabalazo ubomi yanto, waye ukutshatyalaliswa umzimba, ebonakalaliswe waphula ebhodini ukuya ngaphantsi kwamanzi, uze amanzi olwandle waqala flow kungena amagumbi. Emlilweni, elingumthombo, baqhubeka. Kwimizuzu nje, inqanawa kufika umphathi we-Black Sea Fleet , Admiral Kolchak, ukuba liliso imisebenzi nokuhlangula, abacimi-mlilo bafike, kwezo zikhitshana, aze amtsalele kuye, kodwa kwakungenakwenzeka ukuba enze nantoni na. Ngaphantsi kwe neyure emva kupakwe izixhobo kwi efihlakeleyo ye uqoqo impumlo, laviwa udubulo eziliqela, wempi wafumana ukubagcina elibi, izike liqengqiwe phezu yazika.

kokulawula umonakalo

Oomatiloshe yonke le ntlekele osebenza phantsi kwale Tshatha kwaye azalisekise uxanduva njengoko yayalela ukuba ukuqeshwa. Xa 7:20 woomatiloshe yesine casemate abo besemsebenzini waphawula hi elingaqhelekanga emva efihlakeleyo hlulo angabamelwane inqaba ngeempumlo ncedo ngemali. Bathi ngoko nangoko kumphathi wakho malunga nokuba kwenzeka ntoni, ixesha ukuqalisa aphephe umlilo kunye amanzi anikwa. Kwadlula imizuzu emibini kuphela. Emva utshintsho bukela amadoda ngeli xesha ahlambe, phambi kokuba leeholide, baba bonke ukufutha Peter itshiswe. uphazanyiswe unikezelo mbane, izibane waphuma. Udubulo waqhubeka (kukunyikima kukho 25), kupakwe oonokrwece 130 mm ukuvuleka. Ngelo xesha, ngokwemiyalelo injineli abaphezulu ngomatshini Ensign Ignatiev wazama ukuqala impompo umlilo. Akazange kuphumelela, lo matiloshe okhaliphileyo abulawe. Ilinge ukuliphuphumalisa zewayini of nenqaba isaphetha yesibini ukwenza umqobo amanzi nayo impumelelo, oko nje ukuba ixesha elaneleyo. Ebona ukuba ayizizo zonke kusinda, abaphathi wanika umyalelo ushiye oomatiloshe, ngoxa bona ngokwabo kufa, ukuzama ukwenza umsebenzi wakhe. Emva kokuba ukususwa inqanawa afunyanwa yaye ungcwatyelwe iintsalela le amaqhawe ...

ekhaya Version: ingozi

Abantu badla ukujonga izinto emhlabeni ukuyichaza. Iimeko umangalisayo nzima ngakumbi ziyabhidisa ukuba zikholisa ngayo. Ngoko ke, nenguqulelo esemthethweni yelogo ye-yiKomishoni Yophando ukuba dubulo phezu ephambili ye-Black Sea Fleet kwenzeka ngomhla kwizizathu self-ngokwayo of umphunga powder kubalulekile, abaninzi eyakwenza ukudana. Noko ke, mhlawumbi, kwaba. Amaqokobhe ixesha elide kunye cap kwi umphanda, ingakumbi xa inqanawa wayezingela "Gabin" yaye oku kungabangela a detonation. Kodwa kukho nenye uguqulelo, njengako apho akuzange kwenzeke ukufa obufihlakeleyo wempi "uKumkanikazi Maria" ngengozi.

iintlola German

Bakhetha "ngabom" hypothesis nazo zithi ezinye iimeko. Kwi umkhombe lwenziwa ukulungiswa, ulawulo ukufikelela ndandibuthathaka, yaye oko kuya siwumise ahambe efihlakeleyo mikrovzryvatel, ezifana nokwafumanekayo kwi-Italian Dreadnought "uLeonardo da Vinci" ngehlobo lowe-1915? Ngaphezu koko, izivingco abaninzi abazange itshixiwe. Enye Inyaniso ithi xa uqala ukuba alihlole ngabom: ngo-1933 yi-NKVD yaba namandla yokuhlala intelligence waseJamani ukhokelwa omnye Werman. Ngokutsho kwabakhonkxiweyo, yena owathunywa phambi revolution. Kunye nomdla impumelelo elektroniki Russian emkhosini, kuquka "uKumkanikazi Maria". Ingqalelo oku xa amagosa zokhuseleko benganikwa. Ngaba hlola Wehrmann, andazi ukuba abantu bavuma ukuba nantoni na.

Le nqanawa ke wagawulwa ezilahliweyo ngo-1926. Kwakukho kuphela kwisikhumbuzo yintoni wempi "uKumkanikazi Maria". Model oko kwi imyuziyam Nakhimov aselwandle alimwi kwiphandle - kummandla ESmolensk. Enye layout ngobuchule wabulawa - ngomlinganiselo omkhulu - lihombise exposure Nikolaev Museum of imikhumbi kunye nembali Fleet.