Inkxaso Psychological and ezemfundo - a ... inkxaso ngamnye: definition kunye neempawu

Yintoni na inkxaso yengqondo nemfundo? Ziintoni iimpawu zayo? Le umba efanelekileyo, ngoko ke, sifanele isifundo eneenkcukacha.

Uhlobo neyodwa

Phantsi yempembelelo ezahlukeneyo iimeko ezimbi kubantwana mzuzu abanengxaki kuphuhliso, yahlukene ezahlukeneyo kuphuhliso ngokwasemzimbeni nangokwasengqondweni, kukho ukuphazamiseka ezinzulu yokuziphatha.

A nefuthe elibi amaziko emfundo ngokubonelela imeko yoluntu. Phambi kokuba kuvulwe izikolo mngeni ezitsha - ndlela enobuntu kwinkqubo yemfundo noqeqesho, ukwakhiwa iifom ezintsha ukwakheka.

Ekuphumezeni le migaqo practice, kukho kungalingani kakhulu kuphuhliso emphefumlweni nasengqondweni umntwana. Ukuphikisana yabangela iingxaki ezinkulu kwimfundo yabantwana, kwakukho maladjustment yesikolo.

Ukubiza

Ukuze ukubusiphula, imfuno iinzame kunye ziingcali ezininzi, ukusetyenziswa iseti ubuchule zentlalo, unyango kunye nasengqondweni. inkxaso yengqondo-yemfundo ngokupheleleyo ikuvumela ukuba ukusombulula iingxaki ezichongiweyo ngendlela ngexesha ukubonelela abantwana ngenkxaso eyimfuneko.

History of the ubuchule ezintsonkothileyo lwasekhaya

Kwilizwe lethu, inkxaso kwezentlalo womntwana wavela kuphela ekupheleni kwenkulungwane lokugqibela. Igama elithi "Inkxaso" kuqala ngo-1993 yi T. Cherednikova. inkxaso yengqondo kule inkalo ezihlangeneyo kuye kwaqwalaselwa yi izazinzulu Russian ezininzi ootitshala, kubandakanywa LM Shipitsyn, IS Yakimanskaya.

Iimpawu Ukuxhalaba ukuba liza kuzisombulula njani wafunda AI Zakharov, Freud. Kangangexesha elide, kwengqondo ziye kutyhilwa oonobangela iyinene kule meko, uzama ukufumana iindlela ezisebenzayo zokusombulula le ngxaki. inkxaso - indibanisela uxilongo kunye nokulungiswa kunye neenkqubo nokuphuhlisa ezijoliswe ekulungiseni iingxaki ezichongiweyo.

inkxaso yokuqala

Ukuze kuphunyezwe ngokupheleleyo indlela yokufundisa humanistic kwi pedagogy Russian baqalisa ukunikela ingqalelo ekhethekileyo kulo mba, njengoko inkxaso ngaphambili ngabanye abantwana. Ijoliswe yokuchonga kwangethuba abantwana abasemngciphekweni, abantwana unesiphiwo, ukukhethwa ukuze umfundi ngamnye indlela yabo yophuhliso.

Ekupheleni kwenkulungwane esidlulileyo aphethe iisayikholojisti zezikolo kwinkomfa yokuqala Russian, apho zayihlalutya ubuchule olusebenzayo ukunceda abantwana ezizodwa. Qwalasela inkxaso yengqondo entsonkothileyo zinenjongo afakelwa kunye Ukuphuculwa kwenkqubo yemfundo, utshintsho kwimigaqo ye self-uphuhliso lwabantwana.

Ngenxa kumaziko emfundo ngokwasengqondweni kwaye zonyango, iinkonzo ezizodwa ukuxhasa abantwana kunye nabazali bafumane inkathalo olubanzi. umntwana ingxaki yaba okujoliswe kuko oogqirha, ootitshala, kwengqondo.

ezikhoyo ngoku

Okwangoku, inkxaso ebanzi - umsebenzi eyondeleleneyo ziingcali ezininzi, ejolise ekulungiseni iingxaki zokuziphatha ngumfundi ngamnye. ezintsonkothileyo eXcellent ngokwasengqondweni-zokufundisa inkqubo inkxaso kwasekwa kwiindawo ezininzi zeli lizwe, wadala uvimba apho kwenzeka tracking abantwana ezikhethekileyo xa uhambisa ukusuka kwindawo ahlala omnye komnye kummandla ka-Russia.

Imveliso umsebenzi

Njengoko inkxaso ekuhlaleni - lo yinkqubo ngokuhlalutya iziphumo zomsebenzi kunye kwezemfundo, yaye kwizibonelelo zokhathalelo lwempilo, kunye MVD. Iziphumo zophando-manani zibonisa ukuba emva kokuba nkqubo wasungulwa ngomhla amanyathelo okuthintela ulwaphulo-mthetho, inani labo baphindayo lancipha kakhulu, kunciphise inani mthetho, abantwana ngaphantsi kakhulu waqalisa ukubonisa ngendlela etenxileyo.

Injongo yenkxaso

inkxaso zokufundisa abantwana ijolise ekudaleni iimeko ezinjalo zentlalo kunye emfundo apho nawuphi na umfundi ubuncinane ithuba lokuba babe nokuthatha inxaxheba zonke iziganeko ezenzeka esikolweni. Umntwana ufumana ithuba lokuba ezweni labo yabo ngaphakathi, ukuba nayo, ukwakha ubuhlobo kunye nabanye abantwana.

Ukuba inkxaso ekuhlaleni zakhiwa kwiimpawu ubudala bomntwana, kwakhiwa okusingqongileyo kunye namathuba okufunda eziya kukhuthaza impumelelo ezifundweni, gingxi kuphuhliso "nzima" umfundi.

izimiso inkxaso

Ixabiso ephambili unikwa kukhetho lobuqu somntwana, ithuba self-determination kwiimeko ezahlukeneyo.

Ngokusebenzisa kusetyenziso lweeteknoloji ezintsha zemfundo, imisebenzi inkxaso isikolo wenziwe unxibelelwano olusondeleyo nabazali, ootitshala, abasebenzi bezempilo.

Umongo womsebenzi ilele ngokukhutshelwa isitshixo umntwana unxibelelwano, umsebenzi, iimfihlelo zakhe nasengqondweni. Ifom umntwana ngaphambi kokuba izakhono injongo ethile, ukucwangcisa iindlela ukufikelela kuyo, inkqubo imilinganiselo, ubuchule ukuhlalutya umsebenzi wabo.

Umntu omdala inceda umntwana makathathe luluvo, isikhundla onoxanduva ngokunxulumene iziganeko eziyijikelezileyo.

Iinkalo zezinto ezenziwa

Sisazi ukuba inkxaso - yinto yinkqubo ebalulekileyo kunye noxanduva, akunakwenzeka ngaphandle ngokukhetha kwiinkalo ezithile zemisebenzi. yokuqhelanisa kwakhona ngokuyintloko efunekayo ngokwasengqondweni imfundo kwakhona womntwana, utshintsho kwizakhono ezikhoyo ngendlela eyakhayo.

Umzekelo, ukwenza le nkqubo yoqeqesho, imidlalo zemfundo ezizodwa, apho umntwana ithuba lokuziqhelanisa ulwazi theoretical component.

Techniques yale hlobo ziyimfuneko ulwazi abafundi ezizezakho "Mna" zabo, iimpawu zabo ngamnye, ngokunjalo kwi ukufunyanwa kwezakhono self-analysis, self-ukuphucuka.

technology zomdlalo, apho abantwana kweemeko ezinzima, funda ukuphuma kubo, ukunceda ukuba gxwa ubomi benene. Abafundi baqala ukubona yonke imiphumo yezenzo zabo, wazi kakubi zokwazisela lwamaxabiso. Ukuqonda ukuba yintoni iziphumo kakhulu kunokuba ukuziphatha engaqhelekanga, ulwazi ubunyani yokulahlekelwa ngumntu omthandayo kunceda uhlaziye imiba zokuziphatha.

isiphelo

inkxaso abafundi ngumba obalulekileyo kwinkqubo yemfundo mihla. Kuthathelwa ingqalelo izinto ngoku, abantwana kunye neengxaki zokuziphatha kakubi, ukukhubazeka engqondweni kuba enkulu, kufuneka indlela ngamnye, uncedo nobungcali ziingcali.

Okwangoku, uphuhliso iindlela ezintsha ekwakhiweni kwenkqubo entsonkothileyo yomsebenzi lwemethodoloji zeesayikholojisti nootitshala. Umongo lo msebenzi kukudlulisela abafundi iindlela eziza kubanika ithuba wokwenene baphumelele esikolweni, nokumisa ulwazi ngobuchule uwugcine kwinkumbulo yayo.

indlela Personal-ebomini IS Yakimanskaya njengeprayorithi imfuneko ukunyanga uphuhliso inkqubo ngokwasengqondweni zokufundiswa wesiseko lomfundi ngamnye, ubhaliso elisisinyanzelo iimpawu zakhe, ngamnye.

Loo indawo yokulandelela isekelwe phezu wemidla kunye neemfuno zomntwana ngamnye, sithabathela ingqalelo kuphuhliso ekuqiqeni.

Ingcamango zempilo yengqondo kunye yengqondo abantwana, ecetywayo IV Dubrovin, ubaphatha njenge eyahlukileyo yomba umsebenzi ngengqondo zonke iingxaki ezinxulumene ukuyilwa ubuntu kwindawo lemfundo eyahlukileyo.

Ukuba isikolo kuchaphazela impilo yengqondo, lwenza uhlengahlengiso kuphuhliso eqhelekileyo umntwana. Kuqala inikwa ekuthinteleni ingxaki ezichongiweyo, kuquka esweni, ulungiso isithuba zemfundo.

uqeqesho Developing DB Elkonin lusekelwe kwimfuneko ukuyila imeko apho umntwana wayeza nje kukwazi ukufunda ulwazi kunye nezakhono, kodwa ukuphuhlisa iimpawu zobuqu kunye nobuchule kakhulu kwabantu.

Sisikolo kwindawo yokuqala luchaphazela nezengqondo abantwana, ngoko mvanje a ingqalelo enkulu kangaka ihlawulwe esweni amaziko emfundo. Kwengqondo Intsebenziswano umntwana nootitshala besikolo, abazali, abantwana ivumela ukuchongwa kwangethuba iingxaki ezahlukeneyo, ukufumana iindlela ubengo nokushukuxa yabo nokuthintelwa ophezulu-grade.