Vladimir Nabokov, "The Luzhin Defense": Isishwankathelo

Nabokov inoveli "I Luzhin Defense", isishwankathelo leyo esiyinika ingqalelo yakho, ndabona ukukhanya 1930. Ngokutsho nabagxeki ezininzi, nombhali wolu msebenzi iye yabeka etshatshalazeni zoluntu Russian boncwadi, wasebenza yokushiywa.

Imibala eqaqambileyo, kodwa elifuna ukuba udakumbile Nabokov uchaza ezenzeka kubomi umdlali chess abanetalente, apho ihlabathi ngaphandle waba umfanekiso isibuko kumdlalo wechess.

Evalelisa Childhood

ihlobo lonke, Sasha Luzhin omncinane uchitha nabazali bakhe kweli lizwe, kwaye ukuwa usapho babuyela eSt Petersburg, endlini esixekweni. Kulo nyaka le nkwenkwe, isekhona kwenkathalo yomzali umphathi, i Frenchwoman, utshintsho engalindelekanga kufuneka zenzeke: Uyise Sasha wabhengeza ukuba uza kuya esikolweni. Le ndaba uyothuka inkwenkwe ekhaya tu. ngokubona kwakhe iipeyinti zamasikizi elizayo yonxibelelwano ngemihla kunye noontanga babo. Iqala ibali bayahlelwa ngqondi elizayo kule ncwadi, ukuqweqwe ethatyathwe nombhalo laconic: "." "Vladimir Nabokov," The Luzhin Defense. Isishwankathelo izahluko zokuqala ezimbalwa ndithi malunga amava lwabantwana hero abatsha.

Xa usapho Luzhin ekupheleni ixesha ehlotyeni, ukuqokelela izinto eziyimfuneko, ilungiselela ukuthumela kuwo umzi, Sasha ngqo kwisikhululo sikaloliwe ubaleka ehlathini off. Drizzling imvula esukela ngamacebo encinane endlwini lali. Boy ezimela kwi yokugcina ngethemba lokuba uza kufumana kungabikho mntu apho. Phakathi eliphezulu eqhelekileyo nenkunkuma Sasha ubona chess ubudala, sekunjalo ukuqaphela indima edlalwe yi-isifundo ebomini bakhe kamva. Kungekudala, abantu abadala bafumane mbaleki, kwaye elineentshebe zokugaya ngezandla uphethe inkwenkwe kwindlela wagon. Ngenxa yokulahlekelwa babebona lwabantwana engase ibizwe le nxalenye ethi "I Luzhin Defense". Isishwankathelo iintloko wonke umsebenzi esazisa umfundi iimvakalelo abasemngciphekweni nomthinjana, swi namadodana namadoda abadala.

School of ingqumbo nokungaqondi yomzali

Ubudlelwane nabanye ofunda nabo, yaye yintoni Sasha ndoyika, akazange dibanisa up. Ekuqaleni, amakhwenkwe ndihlekwa kuye Antosha ogama isimilo elinye lamabali Luzhin abaphezulu, benza ukubhala iincwadi zabantwana. iziqhulo abuhlungu kwidilesi Sasha ukhetha ukuba uqaphele, engena ngokwakhe. Kungekudala, yonke ndilibele ukujonga kwisithuba esingenanto.

Ukuba kwafuneka ukuba babhale isincoko omfutshane sihloko: "V. Nabokov, "The Luzhin Defense", isishwankathelo uhlalutyo imveliso kunye iimpawu uTshawe, "umntu athi kakuhle ukuba kude intombazane unsociable kwabonakala ukuba khuselo lufanayo nokungena yoluntu kwihlabathi wangaphakathi. Ukunyaniseka kwalo ngoluvo kulula ukubona, baqhubeka ukufunda inoveli.

Lo tata, ngenyanga watyelela esi sikolo ukuze bafunde ngempumelelo unyana wakhe, ukuva ukusuka kutitshala, lo mfana, nangona ngaphandle nobuchule, kodwa nelidangeleyo kakhulu bezynitsiativen. Inkqubela ukufunda izifundo zesikolo Sasha akazange abonise, xa sincokola kunye nabazali malunga nesihloko zokufunda okukhethwayo nelokuthula tu, kwesinye isiganeko kukho ukuqhambuka ngumsindo unmotivated. Uyise eqala ukuba ukrokrela ukuba unyana ekuphela unomzi lokugula ethile ngengqondo, kodwa unethemba ukuba inkwenkwe elindele nekamva eliqaqambileyo.

Fumana ezweni wechess

Ngomhla lokukhumbula ukufa kayihlomkhulu koomama likaSasha endlwini Luzhin liququzelele ngokuhlwa umculo, ekubeni umntu omdala umfi ingqalelo umqambi elungileyo. Enye iimvumi undwendwe, naye Sasha ngengozi wabalekela ofisi kayise, inxaxheba kwincoko emfutshane, ngehlombe uthetha umdlalo chess, embiza ngokuba "umzimba woothixo." Yinto eyaziwayo ukuba ubuchule ukuzoba iingxaki ichess elibukhali yaye Vladimir Nabokov. "I Luzhin Defense" - isishwankathelo iimbono zakhe ngale game yamandulo, ifuthe layo kubomi babantu.

Ngosuku olulandelayo, xa unina womntwana ukhetha ingxabano noyise wakhe, suspecting umyeni wakhe ukungathembeki, Sasha kwakhona lihambe liye ofisi yakhe. Nantsi i umzala izihlandlo ezithathu wazisusa unina, uhambele indlu Luzhin. Ukuba eli bhinqa unobangela ngehlazo phakathi kwabazali. Le nkwenkwe ubuza umakazi wakhe bamfundisa ukudlala chess. Yena izizathu phantsi neyenkolo ukufunda kungaba kuzakuthatha ixesha elininzi. Le nkwenkwe unyanzelisa abakhe, umakazi wakhe, uyakhululeka ubonisa indlela amalungiselelo amanani, uchaza imigaqo intshukumo kwi chess. Xa uqala kuqala, iziganeko kwinoveli "I Luzhin Defense", isishwankathelo apho sizama ukuba ukugqithisa, ukuphuhlisa ngokucothayo yaye eziqhelekileyo.

khalaza ulutsha

Ngenye imini Sasa wayebukele umdlalo wechess nabanye abafundi abafunda nabo. Kucace ngesiquphe le nkwenkwe efumanise ukuba, ukuba angabi nako ukudlala, ukuqonda ifuthe omlingo inkulu kakhulu noontanga bayo. Kule mzuzu engqondweni yakhe ekhulisa isicwangciso ukuphumeza Sasha ocwangcisiweyo kuqale ngentsasa elandelayo. Xa kwisiqwenga ethi "I Luzhin Defense", isishwankathelo apho inokuthatha inani iinkcukacha ezibalulekileyo, kuza yenye yezinto eziphume phambili.

Ngathi ukuba wayesiya esikolweni, akakho umfana elide ngokuya kwiiklasi, echitha iintsuku elide endlwini kumakazi umzala yesibini. intombi omnika izifundo zakhe yokuqala umdlalo wechess. Ke uqeqesho Sasa iqalisa ukuba nenxaxheba umntu omdala, ngubani na isoloko sisithethi kumakazi wam. Malunga ukungezi esikolweni kungekudala uba abazali ezaziwayo endlwini kwakhona kwaqala hlakalo. Kodwa Sasa ayisa unexhala, yena ngomdla ehlola iimagazini, ukudlala imidlalo itshesi phezu kwabo.

Ilahleko lokuqala kunye isiqalo umsebenzi chess

Emva kweveki, i Luzhin oselula ifumanisa malunga ngokufa komntu omdala, awayekhuphe kuye izifundo. Le ndaba umthwalo onzima phezu ezibuthathaka psyche inkwenkwe. Abazali kufuneka asuse Sasha amazwe ukuba ukunika unyango ngenxa elide engqondweni.

Emva kwexesha elithile unina wabuyela eRashiya, Alexander uhlala notata wakhe. Luzhin abaphezulu kudla livela esidlangalaleni kunye ibhinqa eliselula, apho inkwenkwe ufunda umakazi wakhe nomzala yesibini. Kungekudala luvela St. Petersburg ucingo wayevakalisa ukufa unina Sasa.

Bawo, nyana, kuxhotyiswa kunokutshiseka chess, ukuvumela ukuba bathathe inxaxheba lemidlalo ezahlukeneyo. Le nkwenkwe omncinci iphumelele uloyiso omnye emva komnye, lo msebenzi uqala ukuzisa kuphela udumo nemali. Umbutho amakhuphiswano ichess kunye simul yakhiwe ezitsalwa umntu - Mnu Valentine.

Ubomi elubhacweni kunye emtshatweni

LeMfazwe yokuQala yeHlabathi kunye Oktobha Revolution ngenkani usapho Luzhin ekugcineni amazwe, kwenziwa yokuhlala e Berlin. Ngowe-1928, Luzhin kukhumbula abaphezulu malunga ingcinga yakhe endala ukuba abhale incwadi ngendoda abatsha abanetalente abaye bafa ekuqaleni. iinkcukacha imveliso wacingisisa ngaphandle, kodwa into kuthintela ukuphumeza esi sicwangciso. Kungekudala kuye kucace ukuba umbhali ngokwakhe ukuze-ube elide ukuze aphile: ngenxa obubanda kakhulu ikhulela isifo semiphunga, ukufa ngesiquphe kuwandisa.

Luzhin Young yajika yaba umntu izisebenzele ezinamanani yakhe enzima nesifombo oqhubeka umsebenzi wakhe chess. Yonke uloyiso lakhe iqela zigqityiwe zingatshintshi elikufuphi elizayo, enethemba ukufumana isihloko. Ngoxa ukulungiselela enye kwiitumente zibalulekileyo Alexander wadibana nentombazana Russian ziintsapho abasuka. Webhinqa eliselula wathi Luzhin ukuba yingqondi, yaye kungekudala, nangona uqhankqalazo abazali, utshata naye.

Ukunxulumana imidlalo nokwenzekayo

Umdlali chess gidi ekwazile ukushiya ngasemva bonke okhuphisana. Kodwa kule midlalo kufuneka isigqibo ngengxaki anayo welinye icala elide - GM kusapho Italy Turati. Iiyure yokulwa lomncedis kwaye angamisela ophumeleleyo, indawo kwi chess yesi a draw.

Kunzima ukudlala imikhosi ayakhathaza ngokupheleleyo Luzhin, ekhokelela elinye luvo kwesimilo ixesha elide ukugula. Ngengcebiso umfazi kagqirha ufuna ukucima zonke iinkumbulo Alexander itshesi, ezama akukho iimpawu umdlalo akazange eze kulo emehlweni akhe. Kodwa fevered iziqephu chess ingqondo ubomi lokwenene entwined ngokuqinileyo neengxaki chess.

Valentine, apho iminyaka embalwa nto yokugqibela laviwa, ukhumbula ubizo lwakhe yefowuni, becela ukuba intlanganiso kunye Luzhin. Nomkakhe, becaphula ukugula Alexander Valentinov uphika isicelo sakhe. Kwizicwangciso ekufutshane amaqabane - intshukumo komnye umzi, yaye ngaphambi kokuba uye ingcwaba kayise. Apha siqala mabaqashele kutheni yegama elinikwe umsebenzi wakhe Nabokov - "The Luzhin Defense". Isishwankathelo izahluko zale ncwadi kusisondeza ukuba utyhilo zesakhiwo sebali.

Zonke iingcinga le ngqondi chess wenza uhlalutyo umdlalo engagqitywanga. Ngokubona kwakhe, iziqwenga wechess athathe imifanekiso yabantu nabo ngoko abehlala wadibana, kwaye uhamba umdlalo enxulumene izenzo zabanye okanye ngezenzo zabo. Intloko olunga- Luzhin Izicwangciso ukhuseleko nezangaphakathi ekuhlaselweni yotshaba. Umdlali ichess ukuqinisekisa ukuba kuphela ezingalindelekanga, babuyele isigqebelo, uyakwazi ukwaphula ngamaqhinga elikhuselayo. Kwangaxeshanye, isicwangciso wechess uthwala ukuba iziganeko ngokwenene ehlabathini.

ukufuna buhlungu kakhulu inkqubela lokwenyaniso

Ngenye imini, eza umzi, kunye nomfazi wakhe kunye nomama-in-Luzhin ushiya phantsi benze ngokundwendwela wamazinyo. Yena walahleka ezitratweni, ifike ezininzi iindawo, ezifana emthondweni bedidekile. Yena uyaqonda ukuba akayi kuba nako ukuphumeza zonke ezi zenzo nto intsha, hambisa yakhe yonke yaziwa chess welinye icala, ngoko ke uloyiso. Defence - isishwankathelo izicwangciso lobomi abantu nemiba yempilo yengqondo enxulumene umdlalo wechess.

Esondela endlwini yakhe, Luzhin wadibana kwisango umhlobo endala Valentine. Le ndoda izihlalo emotweni kwaye ithatha ukuya istudiyo, apho asebenza namhlanje. Valentine uzama ukweyisela Luzhin ukuba inkwenkwezi kokuba iqale nge inxaxheba kwezi abadlali. Alexander uvakalelwa kukuba uphando - kuphela ibhaxa wuqinise ibe ukulahlekelwa iqela ukwenza ukwenza intshukumo engalunganga.

Isisombululo luli ku mnogohodovki entsonkothileyo

Luzhin efika ekhaya, ngenkankulu liphuma ukuya kumgangatho ophezulu. Yena ngokukhawuleza uqala ukuba bahambe amagumbi amagumbi, nangona izicelo ekhala umfazi uchaze oko kwenzekayo. Ekugqibeleni Luzhin egqibile marathon yakhe ibeka phezu kwetafile kwebhedi imixholo ezipokothweni zakhe, amange isandla ngumfazi wakhe. "Uhambise ekunene kuphela wafumana! Kufuneka nje ukuba ushiya lo mdlalo, ziphume kuyo "-! Lo mbono kukhanyise asha nomfanekiso- chess buchopho.

Kule ngokuhlwa endlwini wamema iindwendwe. Yiva khonkcweni emnyango, isicakazana ubaleka kwigumbi, umfazi wam uyeza wamkelekile. Uthabatha umzuzwana Luzhin ivalelwe lokuhlambela. Emi ezishelifini apha sidiliya Alexander wenyuka kwi window eliphezulu wethala. Imilenze yakhe alenga phandle, bephefumla ngokunzulu nomoya frosty. Umnyango wathuthumela phantsi Ukuhlasela abantu abachaphazelekayo ngokucacileyo weva ilizwi lomfazi wakhe. Kodwa akukho mdlali chess bangazikhathazi. Ukulungele ukwenza ithuba lokugqibela ezikhokelela uloyiso kunye nenkululeko mda. A ngomzuzu kamva somnyango lokuhlambela nangoku yeni, kodwa kwakungekho mntu ukugcina kakade.

Utsho iphela isahluko yokugqibela inoveli, licebo leyo egcina inkcazelo ebomini, kwaye isihloko ayikho ornateness kakhulu (kodwa wagqiba ukubhala - Vladimir Nabokov) - "The Luzhin Defense". Izimvo ngale zomsebenzi ngokubanzi ukuvakalisa bonke isivakalisi: umthwalo buchopho, kukwazi na ukumelana wonke. Kodwa oku ke isiphoso, kodwa ilishwa ebantwini, sanikwa iitalente ezizodwa. Ingaba akunjalo?