Fiction ezizezinye: inkcazelo, imbali, iimpawu, kunye nohlaziyo encwadi

Ezizezinye fiction - uhlobo chu ifumana abantu kule mihla. Yena kucingwa umseki umphengululi waseRoma Tit Livy, wazalwa ngo-59 BC. Xa imisebenzi yakhe, umbhali-mbali nobuganga ukwenza ingcamango ngento eyayiza kwenzeka kulo ihlabathi ukuba uAleksandr Makedonsky wafa ngo-323 BC. Ngenxa yomsebenzi wakhe, kwazalwa uhlobo, ukuba zeminyaka angapha kwesibini, ababhali babuyelayo leyo.

fiction ezizezinye: inkcazo uhlobo

Into yokuqala ukuba siqonde ukuba lo intshukumo zoncwadi. Ababhali abasebenza kule uhlobo, bamangalisiwe bekuya kuba yintoni ukuba wayengazange kwenzeke oku okanye siganeko ngembali. Ngokomzekelo, bekuya kuba ihlabathi lanamhlanje ntoni, ukuba ubukhosi uNapoleon kaThixo yaphela ngo-1815?

Ezizezinye fiction - uhlobo nto ayinanto yakwenza iingcamango ezinye zembali. Lo mkhuba angabi nakukubuza ngokuchaneka umfanekiso elidlulileyo, akakholwa ulwazi lesiphoso malunga isiganeko ethile, nto leyo zifikeleleke kubantu mihla. Iincwadi bameme kuphela abafundi ukuba ucele uncedo ngqondweni wakho uze ucinge uya kuthelekelela into ebinokwenzeka, ibali hamba enye indlela.

A incinane

Ezizezinye ayenalo - uhlobo umdla ezaqala phambi xesha lethu. Kwathi ngokusebenzisa iimfundiso kukaTito Libya kunye "Imbali Rome" yakhe. Umbhali-mbali, kwiincwadi zakhe, ethetha ngento eyayiza kwenzeka ukuba umhlaba wethu, nto leyo Aleksandru Makedonskomu ukuphumeza iinjongo zalo ukuhlasela eRoma.

ubuntu Great wakhanga abanye ababhali abasebenze kule uhlobo. Umzekelo, Nkosi Arnold Toynbee, owayehlala Ekuveleni kwiinkulungwane 19-20, udale imisebenzi ezininzi apho "eyandisiweyo 'ubomi ka-Alesandire wachaza iziganeko ezenzeka kulo mba. Umbhali waziqwalasela ukhetho kwelizwe apho umphathi omkhulu zange wazalwa.

Phakathi kwinkulungwane ye-19 ziye utopia zithandwa kakhulu ubuzwe, ogama kwabayili baye bazama "nempembelelo" kwi ibali, ugxininisa izilangazelelo kumazwe abo ekhaya. Umzekelo, lo mbhali French Lui Zhoffrua wathetha ngalo ihlabathi liye ungaphulwa ubukhosi uNapoleon kaThixo. Umbhali IsiNgesi Nataniel Houtorn "azivumelekanga" kufa Byron kunye kaJolobe.

Iimpawu ze uhlobo

fiction ezizezinye - imisebenzi, nezichophela iziganeko ezibangelwa utshintsho indlela yembali kwixesha elidlulileyo elikude okanye kutshanje. Isiganeko ezachaphazela uphuhliso ihlabathi, unokuba ngokupheleleyo nantoni na, ngokuxhomekeke ukuthanda yombhali. Abanye ababhali bakhetha ukuba angenelele isiphelo abalinganiswa zembali, abanye banikele uphuhliso ezinye iziganeko zembali (iimfazwe, neziphithiphithi), kwaye abanye babhenele ngongenelelo imikhosi yangaphandle (umzekelo, ngokuhlasela njengomphambukeli). Ngenxa yoko, kwiincwadi zehlabathi uba ezahlukeneyo.

Action kwimisebenzi zingaphuhliswa nje kuphela ngoku, kodwa kwixesha elidlulileyo okanye elizayo. Abanye ababhali bathetha iziganeko emva kwimbali utshintsho, abanye - ngehlabathi baqala njani kweenkulungwane ezininzi kamva. Kwakhona ethandwayo ibali ebandakanya amalinge ukwenza Amaqhawe umdla ixesha kunye nokungenelela iziganeko elidlulileyo ngenxa yotshintsho lo mfanekiso.

subgenres

inkululeko Zizonke inyathelo - luncedo ukuba kukho ababhali abasebenza kule uhlobo, ngathi yesayensi. Imbali ezizezinye - indlela, kuba ngaphezu kwamawaka amabini eminyaka yokuphila ndawaphula zibe subgenres ezininzi.

• Kriptoistoriya. Umbhali ubiza uncedo angaphezu (nezithunzela, igazi, amagqwirha kunye nabakhafuli), acwangcise ngokuhlasela njengomphambukeli. Iintshukumo le mibutho kuchaphazela iinkqubo zembali eziqala ukuphuhlisa enye indlela. ningazani Masithi boyise Umhlaba, qha ngamakhoboka, batshabalale. Ngokomzekelo, inoveli "amandla Iliso 'ukuba angenelele ubomi abemi kwezinto ezingaqhelekanga umhlaba, ezibhalwe Andrey Valentinov.
• eziphilayo Alternative. Ngokuthanda iimeko sombhali zendalo kwi planethi iguquka. Ngokomzekelo, utshintsho luchaphazele amaqondo obushushu, umoya. Phantsi kwedyokhwe olunye utshintsho uphuhliso phakathi kwabantu, kukho civilizational umahluko, zenkcubeko.
• Postapokaliptika. Ngaphandle kolu subgenre Kunzima ukucinga into ezifana namabali. ngokoqobo ezizezinye uba ngenxa omnye okanye elinye cataclysms zehlabathi. Ngokomzekelo, omnye umbhali nga ceba Intlekele esingqongileyo, imfazwe yenyukliya, bhubhane. Kulo mzekelo, iziganeko zenzeke sele emva abemi behlabathi sisinde kule ntlekele.
• geography Alternative. Umbhali yenza utshintsho abanye esimi zehlabathi, nto leyo noko imbali yehlabathi. Hi xikombiso, hi nga tsundzuka umsebenzi "I Isiqithi of eCrimea" ebhalwe Aksenov. Umbhali ubonisa ukuba eCrimea sisiqithi oye wanceda Baron Wrangel ukuseka geqe.
• Steampunk. Umgqaliso uluntu ogama ubugcisa isemanzini kwinqanaba kwiinkulungwane 19-20.

"Iingongoma eziphambili"

Zeziphi izihloko qho abachatshazelwa eminye fiction? Ukulwa Fantasy, ugqaliselo apho benawo ukuba kufumaniseke ukuba idabi inkulu kuthiwa athandwa kakhulu phakathi readers. Inkokeli ukuqina yi kweMfazwe Yehlabathi II, kunye nababhali abakuthandi ukucinga khetho, apho uloyiso yaba amaNazi.

Umzekelo iphawulekayo umsebenzi onjalo - i inoveli "Indoda kwi High Castle," ebhalwe ngu-Philip K. Dick, makanikwe "Hugo". Iziganeko ezenzeka e-United States yangaphambili, isenzo iqala ngo-1962. Umbhali uxelela ngehlabathi apho uloyiso kwesesibini kwiMfazwe yeHlabathi washiya ngasemva uHitler womanyano. Germany waba ubukhosi colonial, ingcali ukuphelisa "izizwana kuthathelwe".

Kakade ke, abantu nje abanomdla kwi World Okwesibini, nelisebenza wadala enye imbali. Ukulwa Fantasy ivame imfazwe yamakhaya ukuba kwenzeka eUnited States. Kwakhona ibango eliphezulu iziganeko ezenzeka eRashiya kule nkulungwane yama-20.

Books Garri Garrisona

Ukuze ufunde abo bathanda enye angeyonyani? Iincwadi Garri Garrisona kuba nomtsalane kubalandeli ezininzi olu hlobo umdla. Umzekelo, oku kufuna ingqalelo trilogy "Eden", evela lusiba lombhali. Lenqaba uyazibuza ukuba uza kuba ihlabathi ukuba oko kwenzeke eziphilayo le Dinosaurs, kwenzeke kwiminyaka yezigidi-60 eyadlulayo. Ngenxa yoko, uluntu wahlala kwinqanaba le-Stone Age, kunyanzeleke ukuba alwe namacikilishe ezikrelekrele, azalisa umhlaba.

Inzala na imveliso "kwetonela Intambo" wadala yi umbhali efanayo. Kulo umbhali kubonisa ukuba British woyisa baseMerika kwi War of Independence, eUnited States kwenzeka ngenkulungwane ye-18 emva kwexesha.

Yintoni enye ukuhlola?

Yiyiphi enye incwadi ifanelwe ingqalelo labo uthanda yesayensi? Imbali Alternative inikezwa emsebenzini "Funa Fall Ubumnyama" wadala de Campo. Umlinganiswa oyintloko - yiakhiyolojisti, kuya kwenza ukuba elidlulileyo elikude. Injongo lomlinganiswa - ekuthintelweni Ages Dark liwubethileyo Italy.

Le ncwadi "11/22/63" - umsebenzi apho Stiven uKumkani kusinda uYohane Kennedy. "Ixesha Hamba" - umjikelezo Paul Anderson, apho umbhali lombutho ofihlakeleyo, singavumeli kwizidalwa ezivela elizayo engenankathalo bengenelela kwimbali yophuhliso.

reviews

Okwangoku, eyona ethandwa phakathi abafundi basebenzisa imisebenzi zilandelayo enxulumene uhlobo "I woMntu High Castle", "ixesha onogada", "11/22/63." Kakade ke, kunye nohlolo ezintle ngezi neemveliso zanelisa kunye neempawu ezimbi. Ababhali bamva bathi ukuba ababhali bakhokelwa kakubi ziganeko zembali.

Ukuphonononga yaye zibonisa ukuba eminyaka baqhubeka udumo ewuthanda postapokaliptika, abaninzi abavakalelwa uhlobo eyahlukileyo. UMZEKELO wabuza imveliso - "ecaleni yepikniki".

Inani elikhulu abalandeli zonke ezichazwe kweli nqaku iincwadi - fiction, imbali enye.