Terephthalic acid: iipropati imichiza, ukulungiswa kunye nesicelo

abameli ebalulekileyo iikhompawundi polycarboxylic enuka ezi yezabelo phthalic acid simelwe isomers ethile - ortho-isomer (ngqo, phthalic acid), meta-isomer (isophthalic acid) kunye para-isomer (terephthalic). Konke oku qela kwezinto ngokubanzi kakhulu asetyenziswa kwiinkalo mveliso ezahlukeneyo.

Terephthalic acid - olunyulu ezingenambala crystalline umgubo afunyenwe kwi indlela engamanzi Isigaba igcwala of paraxylene phambi iityuwa ayibe nibonise ehlanganisa. Ukusebenzisana osisiqu kunye ezahlukeneyo alkoholi ekhokelela kuseko eekhemikhali eqhola iqela Ester le. Isicelo enkulu kunazo lweprakhthikhali dimethyl terephthalate.

Terephthalic acid kwakhona kusebenza Yindibanisela polyethylene terephthalate (PET) - a Polymer ubushushu-enganyangekiyo selubala afunyenwe polycondensation abasabela ngayo iziyobisi kunye ethylene ethers. Ke kuyo uvelise iibhotile zeplastiki, iifayibha ipholiyesta terilenovoy Group, eyaziwa ngcono phantsi kwegama "ipholiyesta", kwakunye ezahlukeneyo izikhongozeli sopakisho kushishino yokutya, amacandelo elektroniki kunye neendidi ezahlukeneyo zokusebenza.

Ngokweempawu yemizimba yethu efanayo terephthalic acid monocarboxylic compound. Yena on ukufudumeza okanye uphantsi kweempembelelo, ekuthiwa izinto dehydrating lula kwenza iityuwa, esters, esimbaxa isakhiwo eziphilayo, anhydrides, amides, ezifana amaqela elinye okanye amabini carboxyl. Terephthalic acid kwakhona Asikokungena indlela esterification, ngenxa apho mono- kunye diesters kwakheka. Phezu ubushushu lo mbandela crystalline ukuya lobushushu hayi ngaphantsi kwe ezimakhulu mabini degrees wabona decarboxylation ukunika iikhompawundi equlethe amanani amancinane amaqela carboxyl. Noko ke, ukusabela kwi electrophilic endaweni ring Sukuzikhupha ukuqala ukuqhubeka ubunzima obukhulu.

Phthalic acid sifumaneka ngombala oluhlaza kwizityalo kunye imidumba imbewu poppy. Avela kulo zezona zibalulekileyo iikhompawundi dibutyl kaEtere kunye dimethyl phthalate, ezo zisetyenziswa plasticizers iimveliso kwincindi, iipholima IVinyl kunye rubbers. Kwakhona, dimethyl, diethyl kunye dibutyl phthalate amacandelo ebalulekileyo Izigxothi ezahlukeneyo.

Isophthalic acid lisetyenziswa ekwenziweni unsaturated nentlaka ipholiyesta. Ekubeni isophthalates ezi plasticizers kakhulu. Nakuba kunjalo, isicelo inkulu iqela benzenepolycarboxylic of iikhompawundi luseza terephthalic acid, nto leyo isetyenziselwa kuyondelelaniswe kwezinto ezibalulekileyo imboni polyethylene terephthalate kunye dimethyl terephthalate. Zisetyenziswa ukuba nokuveliswa iibhanti ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo, iintambo, amabhanti okuhambisa, iminatha yokuloba, iiseyile, zokulawula iiseyile, trawls, ipetroli kunye namathumbu nefteustoychivyh, izinto zokubopha "imibane", imitya rackets intenetya, kwaye kakhulu ngakumbi. Ngaphezu koko, lo textile vulu kakuhle apho imveliso ukwimo esetyenzisiweyo, iijezi yavelisa, ezahlukeneyo izihlunu (crepe, ilaphu, satin, njalo-njalo), iimveliso amakhethini, raincoat, iambrela kunye yesinxibo izinto, izikipa, iikawusi, impahla yabantwana njl

Xa ndiqukumbela, kufanele kuqatshelwe ukuba zonke manqaku benzenepolycarboxylic asidi ezi zizinto ndlongondlongo kakhulu kwaye ityhefu. Ngoko ke, usoloko eqhotyoshelwe kule Sheet Material Safety Data, edwelisa zonke iimpawu kunye neempawu ze-compound, kwakunye nenkqubo kunye nemithetho ngokusebenza nabo.