Inkcazelo Country France. Imbali France ngokufutshane. Culture French

Imbali Enkulu, inkcubeko, elula yenzululwazi kunye mveliso uba ilizwe yasentshona Yurophu, France. Inkcazelo eendaba, uncwadi, ubugcisa, yayo elidlulileyo eqaqambileyo, langoku enamandla njalo ukutsala ingqalelo zoluntu lwamazwe ngamazwe.

Iinkcukacha-manani zibonisa ukuba lizwe - kakhulu abakhenkethi bamanye amazwe! Omnye esibonisa ilifa omhle ngokwenene lenkcubeko wesihlanu Republic, omnye - yeholide. Ukuba - umthandi yokuhamba, wena waqaphela: phakathi yintengiso arhente ezinika ibamba kusoloko indawo ekhethekileyo eFransi. Photo Eiffel Tower - enye imifanekiso athandwa kakhulu kwi-web sayithi abaququzeleli bokhenketho. Ingaba ngengozi? Ngo-2013, France watyelelwa ngabemi abangaphezu kwezigidi 85 kwamanye amazwe. Phakathi kwabo - nesigidi esinye abakhenkethi Russian.

Industry, izithuthi

France ibonakaliswa kulo lonke elimiweyo lizwe mveliso kunye nezolimo linamandla. GDP wayo - $ 2.6 yezigidi zezigidi zezigidi. Ukususela ekudalweni likarhulumente ye-European Union waphumelela, thuba elo lizwe na indawo yayo geographical embindini ka-Europe wacanda emdeni wayo ezinkulu iindlela zorhwebo yaseYurophu. France kwezoqoqosho ehlabathini ngokuqinileyo isesikhundleni 6 kwindlela ekwazi mboni.

Kushishino, isabelo yaseFransi inkulu ngezobunjineli, izinyithi ahle kunye nonferrous, petrochemical kunye noshishino ngamachiza, ishishini ukukhanya, iziqholo. -Kwiikota ezintathu kwezombane kweli lizwe lifumana ukusuka kwisityalo, uphelelise inkqubo ngamanzi. Ngokwemveli oyile negesi kwempahla kweli lizwe ngenxa yokunqongophala iidipozithi. France kumazwe angaphandle iimveliso zezolimo. abalimi zayo - aba basebenzi, baya kuvelisa ikota imveliso yonke European Union.

Ngaba inothungelwano lwezothutho elihlonelwayo lizwe, lulungiselelwayo innovative-high speed kaloliwe. Trains TVG, ngokungxama ngesantya-320 km / h inebhongo France. Iifoto eli binzana kungabonwa ngezantsi.

Ubude lweendlela zelizwe 29 370 km kwindawo lwase yayo 535,3 thous. Km ^2. Ibonelela ngamathuba angawo ukulungiselela uphuhliso lokucwangcisela

Phakathi amazwe zehlabathi Western, France uye nkqubo ngokwemveli ezikhethekileyo angaphandle, ebandakanya i ingxoxo ne-Russia, nangona siyaphawula ukuba ubudlelwane phakathi kwamazwe amabini soloko nzima.

Ngokwembali, indlela osondele lwala mazwe mabini, ephawulwe ukudaleka manyano wamajoni-kwezopolitiko, ephawulwe ekupheleni kwenkulungwane XIX. Amangcwaba ubudlelwane obuhle amabini baqalisa Emnye Bridge, eyakhiwa iprojekthi Eiffel e St. Petersburg, yaye ibhulorho elibizwa igama Alexander III, okanye, eParis.

Policy France

France ubesoloko ethatha inxaxheba isigqibo ngamazwe njenge ilungu leBhunga lezoKhuseleko kwi-UN. I Fifth Republic yenye wabaseki European Union kunye neBhanki yeHlabathi kunye ekusekweni-IMF kaThixo. Ukususela ngoMeyi 2007, France iye yabuyela NATO (ngaphandle North Atlantic awodwa ngexesha lakhe lwaqaliswa nguMongameli de Gaulle). Ngokubanzi, umgaqo eFransi, ngaphakathi nangaphandle, usoloko ilandela imigaqo ukulingana kwezentlalo kunye nedemokhrasi.

imikhosi exhobileyo

ivumela ilifa izixhobo zenyukliya France ukuba zilandele umgaqo ezimeleyo amazwe. ezintsonkothileyo Military-mveliso ye-Fifth Republic self-ezaneleyo kwaye uvelisa uluhlu olupheleleyo ngezikhali yesizwe mihla. Nangona kunjalo, eli lizwe akazibandakanyi ezingalweni ngokobuhlanga. umkhosi French inamandla ngokungathandabuzekiyo, kodwa kungaphelelanga yi-siseko kokumaneleyo abazi. Yena bexhobele nge zikhali ngamandla yomali, uniko manani lweenqanawa ezintywilayo amane enyukliya, kunye inqwelomoya malunga nekhulu - nuclear ii nkwili.

France: labantu

State besonwabela igunya ngamazwe ehlabathini, ngexesha efanayo ithemba elikhulu kuphuhliso ngaphezu kumazwe amaninzi aseYurophu. Yintoni eyahlukileyo kubo lizwe - France? Inkcazelo umahluko ingathatha iphepha ngaphezu kwesinye.

Yindlela esiwaphawula enye into: ingxaki phantse onke amazwe EU iintlanga ukwaluphala. Nangona kunjalo, le yokugqibela kungafuni i Fifth Republic. Ngokutsho data ekhoyo efunyenwe site countrymeters. info, inani labantu kweli lizwe ngo-16h00 07.05.2014 nyaka ngabantu 64.075.783. Ngoko ukususela ekuqaleni konyaka Ndazalelwa kwilizwe 394.563 baby baza bafa ngenxa yezizathu ezahlukeneyo 281 236 abantu.

Kwakhona, ukwanda kwabantu kweli lizwe wafunda inegalelo imiba enjengokufuduka net. figure kwakhe kulo nyaka ngo 16:00 ngomhla 07.05.2014 ngonyaka - 46 874 abantu.

Ngoko ke, ukwanda koluntu ukususela ekuqaleni kuka-2014 ngaloo mhla yaba bantu 160 208.

Territory, imozulu

Uphi na ekhaya ukuze abantu French? Yintoni na Ukuma kwale lizwe? French ngokwabo ngokuba inkwenkwezi lwabo lwasekhaya. Kutheni? Thatha ujongo kwi imephu yaye uya kubona ukuba kucacile ilizwe France. Inkcazelo imida yayo, uhlanganise 22 kumazwekazi lwenqila (musa cinga ngayo kukuba 5 amaSebe aPhesheya KweeLwandle), uthi kwimephu France ngokwenene emise ngathi inkwenkwezi-kwakubonisa ezintlanu. Country inkwenkwezi ... Romantic! Kuthatha phantse-20% yommandla lo European Union.

imida lwabo lwaselwandle abe ubude 5500 km. ugu yaseFransi Sendizihlambile yi uLwandle lweMeditera emazantsi, ukusuka entshonalanga - i-Atlantic, ukuya emntla - i IsiNgesi Channel.

Ubukhulu becala, ngesibini ezibini zesishumi se-nommandla wayo, France - ilizwe uthe tyaba. Noko ke, elimi kuyo - neodnoobrazny. In nenqaba emzantsi-mpuma kakhulu Alps ezintabeni Jura. Xa iziko kulala i Vosges, kumntla - i Ardennes, emazantsi-ntshona - zasePyrenees. imilambo yawo leyo inde - Loire, zentliziyo - Ron ekufunxeni Paris sokuhlambela Seine ayahamba kwiphandle d'Artagnan Garonne. Inkqubo yemilambo ezine iyangena Atlantic Ocean kunye imijelo zidibene, ilizwe onkcenkceshelwayo France. Inkcazelo iimpawu zemozulu wayo umdla. Xa kumazantsi eFransi, oko sabutropikhi, entshona - i-Atlantic, ukusuka ezantsi - kwiMeditera, kumbindi - yezwekazi. Ngaphezu ikota lizwe ehlanganiswa amahlathi.

imbali yenkcubeko

Esinye sezizathu zokuba kutheni Fifth Republic ukuze utsala abakhenkethi na ngezakhiwo. iindwendwe zayo ngokuba wonder ezenziwe ngabantu. Kwi kwintsimi French izakhiwo wayilondoloza Romanesque: umzekelo, i-amphitheatre e Nimes, ibandla Romanesque, i Basilica azinikele ngegorha of Toulouse, i Saturninus engcwele. Noko ke, badume ngakumbi iitempile French Gothic kwakhiwa XII-XV eminyaka.

Abakhenkethi bathanda yi lwefacade ngokobutyebi zinokuhonjiswa emkhenkceni kubo amanani ilitye, phezulu, wakhomba ezinde, wakhomba neengqameko, nebala iglasi zobugcisa. Phakathi izakhiwo ezithandwayo Gothic saseReims Cathedral, leyo wathabatha ndawo ibekwa wookumkani French, Notre Dame de Paris, apho uMlawuli uNapoleon I. ebekwe

leminyaka XVI negalelo ngokuphuma lwemithombo le Renaissance. imbali yenkcubeko France ngelo xesha, luphawulwa ulwakhiwo iinqaba, chateaux, okanye njengoko bazibiza French. Phakathi edume - imboniselo Amboise, ezakhiwe ukulandelana Valois, ogama intsimi efihlakeleyo misebenzi uLeonardo da Vinci, d'Ukuba inqaba, wakhonza indawo yokuzalwa welivo kwabakhonkxiweyo - Iron Vuvu, ibali eli waxelela uAleksandr Dyuma, Chambord enqabeni - yokuhlala obutofotofo ookumkani.

ngekhulu XVII Wayizisa sesakhiwo isimbo esulungekisiweyo yobuciko, kubonakala enezakhiwo Ibhotwe. Imizekelo yezi unako ukukhonza njengoko Versailles - indawo engundoqo yokumkani. France inkcubeko ngenkulungwane ye-19 yabalasela kwenye isimbo - classicism, hayi kuphela bokwakha kodwa kubugcisa entle. Le sesakhiwo eli thuba zaye ekugqibeleni ndaqonda iiprojekthi zokwakha izicwangciso amaziko asezidolophini. Phakathi kwinkulungwane ye-19 ukupeyinta French iye kwinkokeli kubulela ehlabathini kumagcisa ezifana Edouard Manet, Edgar Degas. Ngelishwa, ukupeyinta isuka French emlonyeni yamaNazi.

Imbali karhulumente: ubukhosi Merovingian

Of umdla ethile ivela njenge yokuma koluntu karhulumente. On nommandla wayo ukususela kumaxesha amandulo kukho impucuko: kweli xesha eRoma, yaba yinxalenye yale Empire kukhulu kwiphondo lwaseGaul.

isizwe kwisiJamani Franks, eyayikhokelwa nguKumkani KukaClovis, umseki i Merovingian ubukhosi, wayoyisa kwi BC ngenkulungwane V. e., ukubaleka baphume ubunganga wamaRoma. Imbali elandelayo France unako ngokufutshane kuqhutywa ukutyhubela iinkulungwane nje kutshintshwe elilawulayo amakhosi wobukhosi.

amandla Merovingian buthathaka, nabo akhonze, usodolophu yasebhotwe, bafumana impembelelo ekhulayo. Omnye wabo, Pepin i Mfutshane (uyise Karla Velikogo), ngenkulungwane VII, wathabatha etroneni ukuzuza franc amandla ithi, ongumsunguli ubukhosi Carolingian.

ubukhosi Carolingian

Famous unyana Pepin waphumelela ekumanyaniseni enkulu komhlaba Europe (kuquka kummandla France) zibe ubukhosi enye.

Noko ke, kunyuswe amandla lukarhulumente enkulu, simanyene charisma emangalisayo Karla Velikogo, ekugqibeleni ziye zasishiya emva kokufa konyana wakhe, Ludwik mna abangcwele. Empire yahlulwa phakathi inzala ezintathu Karolingov.

E West-amakhosi ubukumkani, ibekwe eFransi, waqalisa ukulawula, unyana omncinane Ludwik I - uCharles i Bald. Kwi X Ngenkulungwane eFransi (yena wabelithiyiwe) kwaba slaboupravlyaemuyu feudal tu lizwe. Esi alusebenzisa Vikings, ikhokelwa ngu konung Rollo, akuba ephumelele iphondo layo wasentla Ebizele eNormandy yakhe (emhlabeni Normans). Injongo ye-Norwegian Viking Internet wayeza kuphumelela ubukumkani elilelakhe, ukuba, enyanisweni, wenza.

kwakuphela Capet

I-987 ngonyaka endaweni lokugqibela Carolingian, lo engenabantwana Louis le V, ngokuyalelwa le akhonze kuwabo etroneni, wahlala phantsi Count Gugo Kapet, umseki i Capetian ubukhosi, inyathelo sesithathu kwimbali lizwe. Kweli xesha le nkqubo angaphandle waseFransi lancipha zenkolo kunye elingaphakathi - ukuya iimfazwe unqulo kweli lizwe. Kule maxesha abangqwabalala, xa obulawulwa ngokwemizalwane, imbali yaseFransi kushwankathelwe njengoko replacement le amakhosi abalawulayo amasebe awo osecaleni. Oku ngoko indawo Capet ngo-1328 ubukhosi ka Valois, ukuba kulawula ukuba yeza Iminyaka Elikhulu War, uJoan of Arc feat UBrittany boyisiwe, ukuhlanganiswa kweli lizwe, imfazwe phakathi amaProtestanti (Huguenot) namaKatolika. Emva kokubulawa wokugqibela Valois, uHenry III, seal uJacques Clement, kugaywa yamaKatolika League, France waqalisa ukulawula elinye isebe icala Capetian - Bourbon ubukhosi.

The French Revolution

Imbali ookumkani France kumiswe Louis XVI, irhuluneli engathethekiyo, zibandakanyeke ngemithendeleko nangamaxesha yasuswa imicimbi karhulumente. Xa kukho ukuhla kuphuhliso lwamashishini waseFransi, izandulela yendlala, ukruthakruthwano phakathi kwabo ngamandla kunye nabantu. Imibono kwi kobungxowa neNgonyama inxalenye phambili ye-French Society (kuquka abefundisi oohlohlesakhe kunye nesithunzi) kakhulu kucaciswe sobulumko uMontesquieu. Wabiza amandla wagaleleka yasebukhosini inkqubela oluntu kunye usurpation kwamalungelo kweemfanelo kwezakhi ezahlukeneyo yabemi. Le nokubanga ikhule kwi-French Revolution, ephawulwe ukusekwa weRiphabliki lokuQala.

Kuba okokuqala kwimbali yehlabathi endaweni ngamadolo abantu bakhetha inkululeko, ukulingana, yabafundi. Abantu bakhathele ukuba mobile, bafuna ukuba babe ngabemi. Oku kwenzeka eFransi!

Ekuqaleni revolution wakhonza ke aphume le Bastille 17.07.1789, Louis, uKumkani waseFransi, abulawe, umtyholwa enkundleni njengommi Louis Capet ukuba usurpation kwamandla kunye imbuka. Isiphelo revolution wakhonza lika zinkuni 09/11/1799, umlawuli alawulayo karhulumente njengoko liqumrhu engundoqo amandla revolution yaba egalelwe nokungaphumeleli kwawo. Ukongeza, kwagqitywa uwucandile, ilungu inelona futhe likhulu Emmanuel-Joseph Sieyès, eneneni kwakhokelela amandla uNapoleon Bonaparte. umkhosi French uyathandwa yaye uyahlonelwa sizimisele kunye nenjongo Corsican ngesipho amaqhinga nanto.

Uthotho ngakumbi utshintsho kwilungiselelo karhulumente isiFrentshi - yinto uthotho ziiriphabliki kunye ubukhosi.

uNapoleon Bonaparte

UNapoleon I wagabadela amandla, ezenza uThixo woMlawuli wonyaka 18/05/1804. abantu bakhe inkxaso oluthembekileyo, wamvusa ukusuka emazantsi amajoni kwi kwingongoma nganye italente emkhosini Wakha bamashali - Bessières, Jourdan, Lannes, Lefebvre, Massena, Murat, ney, Soult, Suchet. Noko ke, phezu ngebande elinye kunye nabo abathetheli baba izinhanha: Ngamapere, Davoust, Macdonald, Marmont, Serryure. Uthotho zoloyiso emikhulu kukaNapoleon kwi Prussia, Polish, Austria phulo, umYiputa kwaphawula ukuphela Russia. "Imfazwe Dubina zabantu", njengokuba yena wabhala leMfazwe Patriotic ka-1812 L. N. Tolstoy, kunye lase eliGorha undintlitha phambi kokuba umkhosi French, ukoyisa lonke elaseYurophu. Ngxabano Kutuzov uNapoleon kwalungiswa egameni Mihaila Illarionovicha. Yaba iqhinga okhanyayo ngxabano kunye zephephandaba nobuhlakani. Emva kokuwa ubukhosi uNapoleon kunye Idabi Waterloo ngo-1814, ukumkani kwabuyiselwa eFransi.

Republic yesibini

06/04/1814, isiFrentshi Yeengwevu, ephantsi koxinzelelo oluvela kumazwe abaphumeleleyo, wathatha isigqibo ukubuyisela Bourbon ubukhosi emntwini Louis XVIII. Emva kokufa kwakhe ngowe-1824, amandla wegqitha waya Charles X. ukunganeliseki ye-French wagxininisa-royalist ubulungiseleli Polignac kwaye ilungelelanise inkululeko yabo, eveliswe yi-revolution, xa ukusayinwa uKumkani 25.07.1830, imimiselo emine kubangele kaJulayi Revolution kunye nokudluliselwa igunya ukusuka Bourbon ubukhosi ukuze yayo isebe Orleans wamela Louis-Filippom Orleanskim. Yaba revolution lokuqala silinene eYurophu, isahluko eli lizwe bukaThixo ibizwa ngokuba "ngukumkani yamaphephandaba". Ukususela kulawulo luka-Louis uPhilippe wabonakala nobudlelwane kudala lilindelwe oohlohlesakhe, oko kwabalelwa kunceda ekwandiseni ngokukhawuleza kwale maleko oluntu kunye nokuqaliswa kwenkqubo yezoshishino. Noko ke, uRhulumente wakhe yayiliziko urhwaphilizo. King bamthiya kuye uthotho uhlaselo. Enyanisweni, urhulumente bayinyusela imeko kweli lizwe, nto leyo eyabangela omnye revolution 1848 - February.

Kwi ikhaka izithethe ezixabisekileyo zedemokhrasi navuswa kwakhona. Eli lizwe liye laba ilungelo kaMongameli (umongameli wokuqala France). Kwakunyulwe ngumtshana ka kukaNapoleon - Louis-uNapoleon Bonaparte.

Noko ke, umgaqo-nkqubo umongameli iye nesigqubuthelo. Ngamazwi, ethembisa abemi inkululeko kunye nenkonzo yakhe kubo, enyanisweni - ukuba ngokuzithemba ukuya ekubuyiselweni asebukhosini. 02.12.1851, ngosuku afa kwedabi Austerlitz, yena exhaswa amajoni apheliswe iNdibano lowiso, ezenza uThixo noMlawuli uNapoleon III. Nangona kunjalo, lo wamacebo abanetalente waba "laseburhulumenteni engathethekiyo", ngokutsho Otto Bismarck, uyotywe kuye sedan ngo-1870, ngexesha Franco-Prussia War.

wesithathu Republic

France iphuma imfazwe ngokuthi asayine isivumelwano soxolo ne-Prussia kunye nokudluliselwa wokugqibela amaphondo ayo ezimbini esempuma iRhine entilini: ". Ngesango eliphakathi Germany kunye France" ehlathini eziKhuselekileyo Alsace kunye Lorraine abaluleke

Imbali yakutshanje waseFransi, kwaye ixesha ukususela leMfazwe yokuQala yeHlabathi ukuza kuthi ga namhlanje, kwibakala okuqala yayo sidityanisiwe nolu didi l karhulumente, njengoko Republic yesiThathu. Wawuqala de 1940, ukomelezwa ngokumandla inkqubo French republic kunye nenkqubo lentlaninge.

I Republic Okwesithathu wazalelwa abonane wamagazi. Ezidibeneyo, wobusoshiyali kunye anarchists 26/03/1871, emva kwimvukelo e Paris, abantu ngamalungelo ukumkani uNapoleon III, Walizinzisa urhulumente wesizwe, kwaye eneneni - okokuqala kwimbali ekwimo ngolawulo ngokozwi lakhe labasebenzi, Paris Thethani.

Flag France ukuvela ngqo kwi ngothango ye-Paris Thethani. Le tricolor imivumbo nkqo: oluhlaza, omhlophe, obomvu. Phambi kwakhe, luphawu lizwe iflegi emhlophe ezinyibibeni zasebukhosini. Futshane kwizikhondo - umbala oluhlaza, yaba ingubo enjalo St. Martin, umxhasi saint yaseFransi. White ubonisa ubuthixo, red Oriflamma ngokukhethekileyo imbeko yaseSt anoDiyonisiyo, iziqu kweli lizwe.

uphakamo Popular bamoya ngezigalo monarchists. Prussia kulo bakhawuleza ukukhulula amabanjwa emfazwe. Ikakhulu ngenxa yokuba McMahon amanqaku 130,000th nomkhosi wakhe sazela.

Nangona kunjalo, eli xesha monarchists ezazingekho ngamandla. INdibano yesiZwe - yesigqeba Republican ayesebenza phantsi kwesikhokelo urhulumente uMongameli Adolfa icherri ngempumelelo. France wakwazi ukubuyisela amandla mboni emva kweMfazwe Prussia. Nangona kunjalo, le monarchists nisithimbile phulo, sithatha Thierry angalawuliyo ekunene karhulumente, leyo ichazwe umongameli we Patrice MacMahon. Kwakhona waqalisa ukumkani, usamkela umGaqo-siseko. Kodwa ke izicwangciso monarchists hayi zimiselwe sizaliseke. Ngowe-1875, i-Yeengwevu ngendeb 'endala, ukukhetha uhlobo karhulumente kwilizwe esima nevoti enye, nangoku wakhetha republic.

Umongameli wokuqala Nakule mihla, France (ukususela 1913 ukuya 1920) yaba Raymon Puankare. Ebudeni bolawulo lwakhe izikhundla Russia kunye neFransi bemanyene, kangangoko kunokwenzeka okufanayo kwi imeko ngamazwe. Noko ke, urhulumente yongxowankulu isiFrentshi, asymmetrically ekuphuhliseni uqoqosho ukuze ukutyebisa, ababa nako ukulungiselela ngokupheleleyo eli lizwe inganako, ezaneleyo iJamani yamaNazi ukulwa bahlaseli. Ngowe-1940, ngenxa ekuyekweni yaseFransi e kweMfazwe Yehlabathi II Okwesithathu Republic isiqaqa.

yesine Republic

Ngowe-1946, iNdibano neqela of France usamkela umGaqo-siseko weRiphabliki wesine, apho wagqiba uphuhliso ngakumbi eli lizwe. Eli candelo likhulu lowiso-mthetho, iNdibano yesiZwe, esakhiwa indlu ephantsi - yoWiso-mthetho yeSizwe, kwaye eliphezulu - iBhunga weRiphabliki. Yaba republic umongameli-yasepalamente kunye igunya namandla olawulo. Okona kuphambili yaba uphuhliso ngokutsha post-kwimfazwe isakhono lizwe. Ukuze sibe nokumiliselwa lwesiphumo sobuchule benkundla phantsi kwesizwe idale icandelo likarhulumente enamandla, eziquka eyama, izithuthi, irhasi kunye namashishini namalahle. Ezintlanu eziphambili iibhanki French kwakhona iye yaziwa esidlangalaleni. Uphuhliso loqoqosho izicwangciso ezizodwa General Secretariat, elikhokelwa Zhan Mone. Ngenxa yoko, eyinkunzi waqala ukutyala ngakumbi kwezoqoqosho French, amazwe lawo ilizwe lihlile. Kuba okokuqala ngayo kwiRiphabliki yesine kuphuhliso ephambili yoluntu iye yaba nkqubo kwintlalo France. Kuba abasebenzi, abasebenzi endle waqala ukwakha izindlu ezifikelelekayo, kubonakala ukuba imfundo kunye nokhathalelo lwempilo ngokwenene ifumaneke ngokubanzi.

Ukwenziwa lwentando ye Fifth Republic kaThixo

Ixesha yesiHlanu Republic, apho lwaqala 1958 siseko de Gaulle kunye nokuqhubeka kwixesha langoku, ebizwa ngokuba wesihlanu Republic. Oku - ixesha lokuvuthwa kwenkqubo yezopolitiko yelizwe apho France yaba indlela yaso eyodwa zembali. IPalamente iye kulinganiselwe amalungelo abo. Kanti akunjalo, yaye bonke abantu isiFrentshi akhethwe umongameli omtsha. Ukongeza, uhlobo ngumongameli karhulumente, kuchaziwe kulo, ukuba intloko karhulumente ngexesha lentlekele ukuthatha amagunya karhulumente mda. Ngo-zimvo-79% yabantu inkxaso-siseko, yaye emva kweenyanga ezi-3, wonyulelwa de Gaulle ngumongameli weli lizwe. nkqubo lakhe yaziwa ngokuba "Gaullism." Kuye kwachazwa ayagxininiswa-elizimeleyo nkqubo angaphandle waseFransi. Ukwandisa indima kwezoqoqosho kwicandelo likarhulumente. Kushishino ophezulu-zobugcisa ukutsala utyalo-mali kwamanye amazwe. Olucwangcisiweyo uphuhliso kwimimandla. Ukusebenza nkqubo ezinjalo iye yaqinisekiswa kunene isantya sophuhliso lwezoqoqosho avareji yaseFransi yaseYurophu.

Indlela yedemokhrasi le Fifth Republic

achaza oluchanileyo owamnikayo ngulowo wayesakuba yiNkulumbuso Villepin: President uyalela urhulumente - ulawulo, kwaye iPalamente ukwenza mthetho. Umgaqo zalo ezisisiseko i gameli eyomeleleyo, longamela imiba nkqubo angaphandle kunye ezintsonkothileyo emkhosini-mveliso.

Phantsi igunya karhulumente nkqubo kwezoqoqosho nezentlalo. Ukuqinisekisa ukuba siyahambelana kwayo nomGaqo-siseko lulandela Council siseko.

Ngelo xesha linye umthamo kwekota kamongameli sichazwa bubukho uninzi pro-urhulumente epalamente. Yena iimviwo liyayisayina iRejista imithetho kunye nelungelo ukujongana kuhlanga beshumayela zimvo.

I-Government of France ukuqalisa umthetho, iphambili kuqulunqo lwemithetho. IPalamente (iqulunqwe egumbini eliphezulu - iNdlu Yeengwevu kunye uphantsi - yoWiso-mthetho yeSizwe) ngemithetho esayilwayo ingqalelo olucetywayo ngurhulumente. UMgaqo-siseko uyakuthintela kwiNdibano yesiZwe ukuba izilungiso, kukhokelela ekwandeni iinkcitho mali.

Noko ke, ipalamente unelungelo lokuvakalisa intembelo yabo urhulumente ngevoti yesininzi, kwaye ukususa kuye.

isiphelo

France xxi kwekhulu njenge igunya-kumgangatho wehlabathi ngokuzithemba ukubonisa impumelelo nkqubo kwezoqoqosho nezentlalo. Ngelo xesha nye luphawulwa inkxalabo ukugcinwa amaxabiso yesizwe.

France i intsika lwentando yesininzi kunye neziko ehlabathini inkcubeko. abemi balo elizayo kweli lizwe ukuze ubone Europe omtsha kunye namathemba yayo - ekumiselweni kunye nokusebenza izakhiwo belentshona ye-Europe.