Inkcazelo Sampson Cathedral. Sampson Cathedral eSt Petersburg

St. Petersburg unento sekufika abakhenkethi. Drawbridges, inyengane manzi ye Neva nengqele phamb wamdalayo udumo St. Petersburg. Abantu abaninzi beso sixeko kunye ezikhumbuzo yokwakha ezahlukeneyo. capital Northern, ngokungafaniyo eMoscow, abakwazi ndoqhayisa iinkulungwane ephumayo emva kwimbali, kodwa kukho ezinye kudala. Ugxininiso kulo nqaku liza kuba Sampson Cathedral eSt Petersburg. Le yenye yezinto ezininzi iicawa amandulo, alondolozwa ukuze imihla yethu. Ukongeza nakubugcisa umdla, le yecawa utsalela ingqalelo kunye amakholwa ngokunyanisekileyo, kuba apho unako banqula izinto ezingcwele St Sampson. Le Ngqonyela Cathedral wangoku waqeshwa kwisikhundla archpriest Alexander Pelin. Kodwa ibandla kwakhona lisebenza njengemisebenzi yimyuziyam. Le iconostasis eyodwa yecawa azikho usizo kuphela amaKristu Orthodox, kodwa unomdla ethile nembali kunye nenkcubeko. Monument kuPetros Omkhulu kwakhona ngempazamo ecaleni ibandla. Ngapha koko, le Cathedral ngokusondeleyo kunye kwimbali kwilizwe lethu yaye uloyiso yayo ezukileyo.

prehistory

ERashiya, oko kudala kuqhutywa ukwakha ibandla sungula ku iziganeko ezibalulekileyo. Kwaye anikezelwe amabandla abangcwele, ngemini ukuba lo mhla kwenzeka kwi khalenda Orthodox. Ngokomzekelo, kungakhokelela i Church of St. Panteleimon. Usuku lokubeka inkumbulo yakhe ibhiyozelwe Orthodox ngomhla wama-27 Julayi. Ngale mini ngo-1714 yaye ngo-1720 uPeter Omkhulu iphumelele idabi Gangut kunye Grengam. Ngu-logic efanayo lowo mawubekwe Sampson Cathedral eSt Petersburg. Kodwa ke uloyiso elaphumelela imikhosi Petra Velikogo ngomhla Idabi Poltava (June 27, isimbo endala - 8 July) ngo-1709, akubalulekanga kakhulu ngakumbi. Enyanisweni, ukuba azibuyisele umsinga kulo imfazwe Russian-Swedish. Ngoko mbali hluza intsingiselo Battle of Poltava. Yaye ekubeni ngoJuni 27 Orthodox igubha Mfundisi Sampson i Nobubele, igama kuba itempile sele kudala ngaphambi kokuba yakhiwe. UPetros akazange alinde ukuba kugqitywe umsebenzi kunye yokumisela wetempile, lowo esizibona namhlanje. akugqiba kwayo ebudeni bolawulo uKumkanikazi uAnny Ioannovny.

Imbali Cathedral

Pet Veliky ngokufanelekileyo babecinga ukuba inkumbulo Idabi Poltava kukuba ahlale kwimemori bonke abantu Russian. Ngoko ke, ngokukhawuleza emva kokuba uloyiso, wabanika imiyalelo ukwakha Sampson Cathedral. Le ndawo yakhethwa okunomnyinyivane kuyo. emva konyaka omnye, ecaleni indlela kwendlela eya Vyborg - bejonge Sweden, kwakhiwa ibandla ngamaplanga. Kwangokunjalo 1710 ke bamiselwe kwaye ogama lakhe behlonipha Sampson the Iindwendwe. Ngoku endaweni yecawa original lo yingcwele le yecawa. Ekubeni yayimi ngaphandle kwesixeko kwenkulungwane elinesibhozo, kwagqitywa ekubeni kusekwe emangcwabeni entsha. Emva kweminyaka elishumi elinesibhozo, ngo-1728, kwaqalisa solwakhiwo amatye esitsha. Noko ke, njengokuba kudla ngokwenzeka eRashiya, azinikele kwakhiwa isakhiwo wayengenayo imali eyaneleyo. Ukwakhiwa wamiswa yaye waqhubeka xa Anna Ioannovna kuphela. Isakhiwo yamiselwa ngo-1740.

Sampson Cathedral Museum

ukwakha itempile ngokuphindaphindiweyo lilungiswe ngaphambi kokuba October Revolution. Ngoko, kwi 1830s kuvuselelwa ngaphakathi ibandla yaqhutywa, ngexesha apho umgangatho cast zesinyithi indawo yi lilitye. Cathedral complex wabandezeleka ngexesha revolution. Ngo-1933, zonke iintsimbi zasuswa belfry ngaphandle omnye, lowo ubunzima kamva, ngoFebruwari 1942 ngenxa hit projectile. Ngowe-1938 yecawa yavalwa. Ukuze ixesha elide wagcinwa ivenkile izambatho esele zenziwe. Ngo-2000, i-museum-lesikhumbuzo "St. Sampson Cathedral" ekugqibeleni kuvulwa. Kwiminyaka emibini kamva restorers babesebenza nokubuyiselwa imizobo zokuhombisa zendlu. Sele ekhankanywe ukuba Sampson Cathedral - ibandla yangoku Orthodox. Ngentloko imfundiso yokuqala emva kokuba kwakhona ukwahlula ibandla May 21, 2002. Ngoku iinkonzo zibanjwa apho yonke imihla.

Sampson Cathedral: ukuba indlela

Ngenye indlela, ibandla wakha kweli lizwe, ibe ngomnye endala eSt Petersburg. Yena, kwakunye lesikhumbuzo kuPetros Omkhulu, ekufuphi nalapho, aphakathi izinto ezilishumi "lwemasti si" capital Northern. Yintoni idilesi ozibonayo? Apho ibekwe kwimephu wesixeko Sampson Cathedral? St. Petersburg, Big Sampson Avenue (ngoku eyaziwa ngokuba Vyborg iphecana), d. 41. Ukuze kufikelelwe ibandla, kudala waba isixeko, hayi eziseludinini, kulula kakhulu. Kuyinto elula ukuba ukufikelela yi yangaphantsi. Kufuneka uye kwisikhululo "Vyborg". Le ezisemntla-ntshonalanga ukusuka kwiziko. Ngeli xesha, Sampson ibandla yinxalenye yolawulo lolondolozo lwembali kwi Cathedral St. kaIsake. It imbaxa bokwakha yonke. Oku kuquka Cathedral kanye, intsimbi inyango, Wena mboni, ukrole mass - bonke abaseleyo emadlakeni kanye enkulu.

ibandla ngamatye

Lonke Isakhiwo bokwakha ipeyintiweyo ngokuvisisana ngombala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Nangona kunjalo, izakhiwo zakhiwa kumaxesha ahlukeneyo kunye nezimbo ezahlukeneyo. Stone isakhiwo Sampson Cathedral kunye intsimbi inqaba sagqitywa ngowe-1740. Lomhleli wahlala ayaziwa. Izazinzulu ndiyaqonda kuphela ukuba umbhali kwezi zakhiwo kwakungu uMikhail Zemtsov, okanye Dzhuzeppe Trezini. Ukohluka kwesakhiwo isonto ngumxube ngeendlela. It kwasuka njenge iifom pre-Petrine bokwakha kunye elements, ngokuba iingcali 'sobuciko Annensky "(ogama Anna Ioannovna). Ekuqaleni, itempile zinezihloko ngumntu uThixo amajukujuku enkulu igubu phezulu ohlalele. Kodwa ngo-1761 oko wanamathela cupolas ezine ezincinane. Le uphahla - ezintlanu uphahla itswele - ikhangeleka kakhulu ezingaqhelekanga. Esi sakhiwo yakhiwe ngezitena phezu kwesiseko lekalika. Ukuphakama Cathedral ukuya wophahla - iziimitha ezisibhozo, kunye Krusty, uvutho- amajukujuku - ezimashumi mathathu anantlanu eemitha. Ngu refectory esasayame itempile.

belfry

Oko kungenzeka, oko ngumqondo womzobi efanayo owakha St. Sampson Cathedral. Nenqaba intsimbi ekhethekileyo St. Petersburg, njengokuba enzile iziqalelo isimbo Russian of era pre-Petrine. Esi sakhiwo wahlulwe kwimiqolo emithathu. Lower ubonakala ngokubanzi ngenxa lwandiso ezimbini lateral. Kuye baqhaqhe ngohlobo i Arch. kwakubalulekile Upper zenziwa kwi indlela Tuscan. Kumgangatho wesibini zenziwa imihombiso "window bobuxoki". Xa kwenqanaba wesithathu belfry wagcinwa intsimbi kwenkulungwane XVIII. Top of yonke le ntente lokwakha kunye iinkalo ezisibhozo. Mawube zibonwe window lobuxoki, ngaphezu ezinyukayo le poppy-intloko itswele kunye emnqamlezweni. Le nqaba intsimbi Nedlac ngokupheleleyo St. Petersburg, kodwa eziqhelekileyo kakhulu kubemi beedolophu bamandulo Russian - Yaroslavl, Moscow, kunye nezinye Solikamsk.

indlu yenkonzo

Imela kwisayithi ye original St. Sampson Cathedral ngo 1710. Xa isakhiwo ngamaplanga uye wabola, kwaye eDayosisi yase eli liye lakhula kakhulu kangangokuba ingakwazanga ukunikwa iqulathwe ecaweni encinane, kwagqitywa ekubeni kwakhiwe ibandla ngamatye. Wooden Cathedral wachithwa kunye nesayithi kususiwe. Kodwa kuphela ngo-1909 yayakhiwe indlwana. Esi sakhiwo lwahluke isimbo evela kuloo ndlu yecawa kunye nenqaba yentsimbi. Ku yakhiwa ngumzobi AP Aplaksin, iisampuli kuzo ukusebenza F. B. Rastrelli. Iingcali bathi le isimbo Elizabeth ezimbejembeje kwaye qaphela ukuba lalisetyenziswa kakhulu emva kwexesha lakhe. Nenqaba intsimbi ukhangela omdala kunokuba ngempela. Ukubonakala izakhiwo kweyeshumi elinesibhozo kulinika iperi lembombo ntsika, rounded pediment nge "bonke-ukubona iliso likaYehova", neeDormer kunye lantern kunye lwale itswele. Mhlawumbi le "zakudala" fake ke isuke yimfuneko ukulungiselela indlwana ilungelo ecaleni Cathedral kwenkulungwane elinesibhozo.

yamangcwaba

Ekubeni itempile enikelwe Sampson, engaphandle kwesixeko, kusengqiqweni ukuseka emangcwabeni apho. Ngaphambili, abantu sangcwatywa ngeenxa ecaweni yabo Parish. ihlomela Parish esemncinane, kwaye ndawo ibhungane. Ngoko kwagqitywa kwelokuba kungcwaba ephelile eRashiya basemzini. Ngapha koko, ukuba kukho uhlobo abathululi abemkileyo eli hlabathi kwilizwe lasemzini. Ngenxa yoko, kufuneka kuxhomekeka kogcino Sampson the Iindwendwe. Ngoko ke, kwafunyanwa khona na yokusabela lokugqibela iinkosi ezaziwayo-kakuhle, ukwakhiwa ihonjiswe Petersburg. Sampson Cathedral yaba yindawo yokuphumla labazobi Dzhuzeppe Trezini, A.Shlyutera, G. Mattarnovi, JB Leblon, lo nomkroli K.Rastrelli, ngabapeyinti kunye S.Torelli L. Caravaca. Ngelishwa, amangcwaba engafakwanga. Ngowe-1885, lo ummiselo uKumkanikazi uCatherine II, uyekwa, kwaye endaweni yayo washiywa engcwabeni kunobukhulu kubulawa kaJuni 27, 1740 abachasi Biron - P.Eropkina, A.Hruschova kunye A.Volynskogo. Kwisiza wokungcwaba lesikhumbuzo babo inkxaso kumsebenzi BAS-isiqabu womzobi nomkroli M. Schurupova A.Opekushin.

iconostasis

iindlela Ukuxuba eziziimpawu umhombiso engaphandle kwetempile, kwaye kukho ngaphakathi kwakhe. "Annensky ezimbejembeje" kunokubonwa kwi iconostasis ezithathu St. Sampson Cathedral. Of ixabiso ethile yengundoqo, ibekwe balo engundoqo. Yena i wobugcisa emangalisayo iconography Russian kwinkulungwane yokuqala elinesibhozo. Njengesakhelo esingundoqo yenziwe pine, yaye izinto uhombiso - Linden. Xa kwezitulo esemazantsi (Arhistratiga Mihaila) kunye ngasentla (Ioanna Bogoslova) ibekwe iconostasis encinane ibe amanqanaba amane. Zinelungelo ubungakanani ezindilisekileyo ngakumbi, kodwa hayi ngaphantsi intloko ixabiso yokuluka. Iindwendwe kumbuzo indlela ezi ugcinwe iconostasis ukusuka Cathedral kunye nembali enzima, nto leyo ibavelele indawo yokugcina imifuno kunye ivenkile yempahla. Phantse-ezimbini kwezintathu mizobo yamasango ibandla zabuyiselwa itempile Alexander Suvorov yimyuziyam.

Monument kuPetros Omkhulu

Ngomhla ekubhiyozeleni bicentenary of Battle of Poltava (1909), kwagqitywa ukuvula Umfanekiso winner eli dabi. Ukuze benze oku, iintsalela samangcwaba of St. Sampson Cathedral wazisusa. Monument uPetros nomkroli eyenziweyo MM Antokolsky kunye umakhi N.E.Lansere. Ngelo xesha Wavuleka ilitye lesikhumbuzo kwi lwefacade akumzantsi emantla yetempile, apho kwakukrolwe amagama yokumkani namadoda akhe phambi nasemva Idabi Poltava. Noko ke, ngo-1938 lesikhumbuzo kuPetros Omkhulu dismantled. Yaba kuphela iminyaka emininzi kamva, ngoMeyi 2003, unyaka nokutsala St. Petersburg re-cast of ingcibi zabe endaweni yayo - phambi kwenqaba yentsimbi. Imali yabelwe Museum "eSt kaIsake Cathedral."

Le umhombiso elingaphakathi

Ngaphandle iconography umdla walondoloza imizobo zetempile. Eyona ukucaca umfanekiso - in balo engundoqo. Lo mzobo uPeter Omkhulu njengoko oyiphumeleleyo Battle of Poltava. Kwakhona Ukuqamba umdla obonakalayo "UThixo uSomandla" yaye "ukholo", ibekwe phezu kweendonga empuma nasentshona le refectory. Le mizobo asusela ngenkulungwane elinesibhozo emva kwexesha. Kude ekupheleni kwenkulungwane yeshumi elinesithoba, apho kubonakala siyinxalenye yeyona icon of St. Sampson Cathedral, apho izindlu izijungqe nengubo yokwaleka ye-Nkosi, ilitye phantsi kweenyawo zakhe kwaye izinto ezingcwele abangcwele. Ezi ezingcwele babekwa ngendlela reliquary yesilivere. A icon sithsaba womhlaza, ezibe zazibonisa ubuso ezo izinto ezithi zigcinwe etempileni.