Battle Poltavskoe (ngokufutshane). Imbali i-Battle of Poltava

Ngehlobo lowe-1708 umkhosi Swedish phantsi umyalelo kaKumkani uCharles XII ihlasela iRussia. Izinga Russian, akukho nto yayisaziwa malunga izicwangciso iphulo indlela kaCharles. Mhlawumbi uya isusa ebusweni bomhlaba St. Petersburg win amazwe indigenously Russian. Mhlawumbi iya ukuya empumalanga ngokuthi kufakwe eMoscow, kuya kuba khona ukuze balawule imiqathango yoxolo.

Peter uye eside ezama ukwenza uxolo kunye nabamelwane wasentla. Kodwa uKarl XII lonke ixesha abakhi unika uMlawuli, befuna ukumtshabalalisa naseRussia njengohlobo lizwe kunye alabe libe ubulawuli wayenguphum amancinci. Ngexesha lolonyulo, Karl XII watshintsha izicwangciso zakhe, wabaqhuba abantu bakhe, waya Ukraine. Apho salinda Hetman Mazepa, ngobuqhophololo wamngcatshayo eRashiya waza wagqiba ukuba basebenzisane kunye balwa. Ezantsi na ibali kwemfazwe Poltava ziza kuboniswa.

Traffic kwi Moscow

Umkhosi Swedish yayihamba ngokucotha, kwaye kokurhoxa Russian, endleleni uthatha imfuyo, batshabalalisa izibonelelo kunye ezidla yayila Zaseki ethintela ukuhamba yotshaba. UPetros wayekholelwa ukuba kuyimfuneko ukuba ukulibazisa ixesha kwidabi, yaye wazama ukuba ukunxiba phantsi imikhosi yotshaba. Kodwa kwenzeka le ngozi. It yaphela nya ngenxa Russian. UPetros wasebenzisa ngayo iinjongo zemfundo. Kwaye leyo impumelelo wokugqibela balwa encwadini yeembali Enkulu Northern War.

Ndiyazingca yaye wakhohlisa ukumkani; ngokuba apho edabini umdla ngaphezu iibhola, kwaye izandi ze zokudubula kunye ukuncwina ababuleweyo ziye umculo kuye, akazange akhe phezu impumelelo wajika waya Mogilev. Walinda ukuba ngenyanga ukusekelwa. Kodwa yalibaziseka. Hayi akuba ebuyile, ebamkele lori ngokutya, ukutya, umgubo, iiyunifomu, kwakunye umyalelo we-16 amawaka abantu, Karl XII waya ESmolensk. Kufutshane kwilali ezilungileyo kwakunzima apho balwa ubunzima ilahleko 1-2 amawaka abantu, in Russian, baba izihlandlo ezilishumi ngaphantsi. UPetros noyolo njengomntwana izakhono ebalaseleyo umkhosi Russian.

Intshukumo ukuya ngasemzantsi

ESmolensk balwa wavele watshintsha ulwalathiso, yaye uPetros waba kwaziwa ukuba kuye a Ukuqinisa wamkelekile. Russian bamhlasela. Isiphumo amadabi elide kwi imigxobhozo imigxobhozo waba ukulahlekelwa yomkhosi Swedish wamajoni 8000, yaye zonke izinto, nto leyo bayiqhuba lori. UPetros uncome ixabiso win yokuqala enkulu - it ngaphambi kwemfazwe Poltava. Kwaye uKarl, endaweni enempi enkulu wafumana 6700 ragamuffins, abatyhafileyo ngokupheleleyo. Ekulahlekeni lomzimba kunye nempahla noCarl unawo amandla ukwenza. Yena ukuya emantla ukufaka Petersburg, ngaba empuma - ukuze smash eMoscow. Ukraine yaba kwicala lesithathu. Ke ekugqibeleni, uCarl wakwazi ukuyeka ukudlala isiphetho kanye cwaka, ukuba babuyele kulo ilizwe lokuzalwa, apho kwakhe undwendwe engamenywanga. UCharles baleka akanazinjongo, oko bekuya kuthetha ilahleko kobuqaqawuli umphathi omkhulu. Ngoko ke, ngaphambi kokuba wavula nje indlela ezantsi Mazepa. Phantse unyaka wahlala de elihlazo, leyo iya kunika kwemfazwe Poltava.

Mazeppa

Wobuqili Hetman ikwazile ukuzisondeza ngokunzulu Menshikov noPetros. Zonke iingxelo ukuba unalo ulwalamano ekhohlisayo Poland Sweden, akukho bani uphando ngenyameko. bona Ngaphezu koko, babethwe ukuya nokubulala labo waba nesibindi ukuze sithethe inyaniso, becaphula ubungqina obucacileyo. Kwaye xa Mazepa wabalekela Buchanan wamlinda noCharles kunye nomkhosi wakhe kunye nezibonelelo, ngoko uPetros yaba yintlungu enkulu. Kodwa ke kwavunyelwana ukuba amajoni Russian wayithimba Buchanan phambi kokuba eze kuye Charles. kwafuneka ukuba aphuthume. Akhawunti wayengekho nkqu phezu mihla nangelo kwewotshi. Menshikov, njengokwamaxesha onke, kwaba phambili.

yomdlalo nkobe Baturin. Menshikov nayo yonke into akwazi. Abanye uyaphakama nje. Ekusondeleni eziko, i balwa akazange afumane nto ukudla kunye nokutya ebabeke ngedinga Mazepa. Yaye umkhosi 30000th, awababeka ngedinga kukumkani, Mazepa wayengekho. Yena kunye ngamava elincinane Cossacks, lowo bamazwe kwakhe, ethembisa ukuba baza kulwa notshaba. (Kwaye kukho kusekho kwedabi Poltava, kwakufuneka amandla, nto leyo ngoku ilahlekile.)

Winter e Ukraine

Ubusika esinzima kunene. umkhosi Swedish kakumkani waba soloko yeekota zasebusika ezifudumeleyo wahlala ngokutya ukutya ngamahashe. Endaweni yoko, ukuba engqongwe ngumkhosi Russian ngamathuba bahlaselwa. Abantu bendawo abangenazo abanqwenela ukuba kuthinjwa amaKatolika, bahlanganisana kumaqela yabanqolobi kananjalo musani aliphumze balwa. ukuba i balwa abaqalise iinkampu ezivulelekileyo engqeleni okukrakra njani. Army ayehla emaqeleni, uzama ukufumana indawo yokuhlala, ukutya kunye ukuphumla. Yonke idolophu, badibana ngendlela, kwakuyimfuneko ukuba kungqinga, kokuzifaka ilahleko, ngokufuthi eziphathekayo. Loo mkhosi zaphela. Kwaye ku-Epreli 1709 kwatsala ingqalelo Charles Poltava. Wayengenako sicinge oko kuya kubangela kwidabi Poltava!

Poltava

Yayiyindawo qhinga. Kuyenzeka ukudibanisa lula nge iCrimea Khanate uphume ukusekelwa. Sesiqaphele kunye uKarl noPetros. E Poltava, nto leyo ikhuselwe ziindonga oki kuphela, ibekwe ibutho Russian. amanani bakhe etyeni - abantu 4200. UCharles waya naye kunye umkhosi 35 000. Ngokuqhelekileyo, kwabonakala kuye ukuba lula ukuba ndilidle ilifa eli inqaba encinane. Ngo-Epreli, imizamo sisigculelo sokuhlaselwa iyifikele inqaba.

Abakwenzanga kabini. Balwa ukucinga bagqiba ukuqalisa wokungqinga. Kodwa uncedo kakade ikhawuleza Poltava amahashe amancinane Russian - 7000 amadoda phantsi umyalelo K. E. Renne. Ekungqingweni yi balwa e Poltava nzima yokuba wathunywa ukuba akhokele Cossacks. Kwanyanzeleka ukuba aqhube zokumba yaye ndacinga ukuba Cossacks kushushu ngaphandle ngokwakho nehlazo. Ukongeza, i balwa akazange abe izixhobo angqingo. Kwaye ekampini nabemi woxande olude encinane, inqatyisiwe. Babengenazo ingcamango uzinikele wakhe balwa. Akukho mntu wayesazi ukuba abaseleyo iinyanga ezintathu phambi kokuqala Poltava edabini. 1709 uya kuhla kwimbali yethu, kwaye ngoJulayi 10 iya kubhiyozelwa njengoko uSuku uzuko yomkhosi Russia.

Ukulungiselela ukulwa

Nangona kwicala Russian wayelungiselela lidabi ebalulekileyo, bangamaqhawe Poltava nguqu. Esi sixeko wabaleka abalimi kwiilali ezikufuphi, kodwa kwakungekho ukutya okwaneleyo. Sele ngoMeyi, abantu baqalisa ukufa yindlala. Oko wayeswele nuclei, kwaye mpu waqalisa ukungakuhlawulisi cobblestones. Lenqaba afunekayo ukwenza ukutshisa Swedish izakhiwo ngomthi iimbiza ezaliswe abilayo tar. Poltava nobuganga ntoni kuhlaselo Swedish. indawo yokugqibela ibisoyikeka. Summer longeze amaxhala ezintsha. Ngenxa yobushushu kwi inyama got ziimpethu, yaye yaba azalufanelekela ukutya. Isonka kwaba nzima yaye hi mpimo lowutsongo. Kwakungekho ityiwa. E abalimele njengesilonda phambili ngokukhawuleza. Iimbumbulu zaphoswa ukusuka Russian abathathwe phambili emhlabeni. Kwaye imini yonke zange ayeke nemipu Russian. Umkhosi Swedish sele ndidiniwe, kodwa uPetros wayecinga ukuba akwanelanga.

Care umyalelo Russian

umyalelo Russian yaseYiputa wanceda ukusilawula. amajoni ezisithoba nako ukufumana kungena ekampini. Nabo, kwainqaba wabonakala kunye wompu nelothe. Ekuqaleni June, ikhokelwa ngu Boris Sheremetyev nempi yonke Russian sasihlanganisene kwinkampu enqatyisiweyo. Xa omnye kuhlaselo ye regiments Russian zakhutshwa ngaphezu kwewaka amajoni Russian kwenziwa ibanjwa yi-balwa. Kungekudala emva koko kwafika umkhosi, uPetros.

Yena ke kwelinye icala lomlambo. Council Military wagqiba ukwakha wokuweza uwele ecaleni apho kwakukho Poltava. Oku kwenziwa. Kwaye emva Russian, njengokuba kanye intsimi Kulikovo lowo umlambo. (Battle of Poltava ngo-1709 kuya kwenzeka kwakamsinyane kakhulu. Kwiiveki ezimbini.)

Imisebenzi eminqubeni Russian

Army iyazeya yande. emihlubulweni ezimbini wasivuna ehlathini elishinyeneyo, ngasemva - umlambo kunye kwo. Phambi kokuba Vanguard Wasolula mmandla. Kwathiwa ukusuka apho, uPetros elinde ukuba uhlaselo balwa. Bekukho ukwakha izakhiwo zokuzikhusela - redoubts. Kweli ethafeni, kwaye uya kuba Idabi Poltava, eya kuhla kwimbali yethu kunye onjalo isiqalo esitsha, njengoko Battle of the Ice, Kulikov, kwaye Idabi Stalingrad.

sani

Phambi iimfazwe, nje iintsuku ezimbalwa phambi kokuba, uKarl XII e yokuzalwa walimala. Oku ke, musa ukufumana iminyaka ukulwa nomkrwelo enye, waylaid bullet Russian. Yena betha isithende, waya kuyo yonke unyawo, njengokuba izitya amathambo. It nangoku wolinciphisa afana ngayo wokumkani, kunye ezinzulwini zobusuku ngoJuni 27 kwaqalisa imfazwe. Yena akazange kubanjiswa-kuzilinda Russian. Menshikov kunye umkhosi wakhe ngoko nangoko wabona intshukumo utshaba. Swedish elihamba zokudubula shot ingenanto.

guns ezine Swedish kukho amakhulu kuthi. Noludumileyo omkhulu. Menshikov wayezimisele ukulwa, becela ukusekelwa. Ke kaloku uPetros wazibopha ikhwele wakhe yokunqakulisa ngasemva. I balwa wathabatha oku kushenxa lwe nibuye umva, wabaleka emva kwakhe, bengaqondanga wasondela imipu eminqubeni. ilahleko zabo ezinkulu.

Battle of Poltava, ngunyaka wama 1709

Xa yesibhozo ekuseni, uPetros bakha umkhosi. Xa iziko ukubeka elihamba, lo zokudubula phakathi siwusasaze ngokulinganayo. Mabutho phezu nelisemihlubulweni. Le nto - ekuqaleni kwidabi! Lonke onke amandla akhe, uCharles wabaphosa embindini elihamba yalo ndilula sicinezelweyo. Le ukuba balwe uPetros wakhokela nomkhosi.

Ngomhla nelisemihlubulweni abakhwele Russian lwaphaphatheka. Le zokudubula akazange ayeke. Balwa, ukuwa wawisa umpu wakhe ubuninzi enkulu, ukuvelisa Ikha ibharhule na ukuba kwabonakala ukuba sibutyake iindonga. Phantsi Menshikov wabulala ezimbini zokulwa ezinamahashe. UPetros wadubula umnqwazi. Zonke Zavoloka umsi entsimini. Balwa wabaleka ngokuphakuzela. UCharles wathatha ngezandla zakhe, yaye wayezama ukuba i Indawo ngamageza. Kodwa akukho mntu wayephulaphule. Emva koko ke ukumkani ngokwakhe wayehleli labagcwalisi kunye wabaleka waya Dnieper. Okunye eRashiya akazange abambonanga.

Empini kukho ngaphezu namawaka alithoba balwa wakha kuwa. silahlekelwe ilinganiselwa ngaphezulu kancinane ngaphezu kwewaka. Usindiso iyonke kwemibandela.

intshutshiso

Iintsalela yomkhosi Swedish, yaye abantu-16 000, ngemini elandelayo wathintelwa kwaye kwiNgxowa abo baphumeleleyo. Namandla wamajoni balwa yazanyazanyiswa ngonaphakade.

Ukuba uthi oko Idabi Poltava, ngokufutshane, oko inokushwankathelwa elizwini linye - uloyiso waphakamisa izimvo aphezulu Russia kumazwe aseNtshona. Ilizwe lifikile indlela ende ukusuka eRashiya eRashiya, yaye ndayigqiba phezu intsimi Poltava. Kwaye ngoko ke kufuneka sikhumbule ukuba unyaka Idabi Poltava - enye ezine mkhulu kwimbali yelizwe lethu.