System Financial Government

inkqubo-mali karhulumente kunye nesakhiwo sayo yiseti amaziko ezibonelela kwemali ngaphakathi kwilizwe elithile. Le iseti lubandakanya amacandelo eziliqela.

Inkqubo zemali ubandakanya:

- esezantsi State, ukubonelela ekungeneni nebhajethi kunye nenkcitho-mali;

- zebhanki esezantsi equlathe amaziko abonelela utyalo-mali, imali-mboleko, iintlawulo, iintengiselwano ngemali;

- esezantsi izibambiso ejikeleza kweli lizwe, bakhonza ukutsala imali kwi ezizisekondari izibambiso iimarike.

Ngokulawula eluntwini, urhulumente ibandakanya iinkalo eziliqela: zonqulo, kwezentlalo, ezopolitiko, ezoqoqosho kunye nabanye.

Xa intliziyo kobume zezoqoqosho ubuhlobo ethile. Bona kuyo amane: ngummi, amashishini, ummandla kunye karhulumente. nxaxheba ngalinye amalungelo kunye nemisebenzi yakhe. Ndiyila ubudlelwane phakathi, izifundo benza sphere yorhwebo-mali. Ngenxa yale ubudlelwane kuvela nkqubo yezemali karhulumente.

Kwi-Russian Federation, le complex inezigaba ezine. Icandelo ngalinye wenza imisebenzi ethile. Inkqubo yemali ye-Russian Federation iquka iimali abemi kunye namashishini, zesizwe kunye nemali indawo.

arhente lonke enze umsebenzi kwezibonelelo anikel xa ukulahlwa kwenkqubo yolawulo baqondise ngokwanelisa iimfuno ezifanelekileyo. Ezi zibonelelo eveliswa iirhafu, imirhumo karhulumente, iintlawulo, iimali ezifunyenweyo pezu kwetu yamashishini karhulumente kunye nabanye. Njengenxalenye izimali zesizwe inshorensi karhulumente, mboleko, uhlahlo federal kwaye yeka-lwabiwo mali yase.

arhente Local enze imisebenzi efanayo njengoko hlanga ngokubanzi, kodwa ngokungqinelana kumiswa lolawulo-zendawo, ibekwe kumasipala. Esi sakhiwo ibandakanya mali olufanelekileyo kunye nemali mali. Ezi zibonelelo akhiwa zesohlwayo, imirhumo, iirhafu, Lotto, kunye nezinye mboleko zasekuhlaleni.

Inkqubo yemali karhulumente iquka indlela amashishini. Baya kwenza ikhonkco engundoqo entsonkothileyo yaye enze imisebenzi kwimvisiswano malunga nokumiselwa kunye nokusetyenziswa kwemali yayo.

Inkqubo yemali ngamazwe kuthathwa ukuba ifomu zembali, njengoko apho umbutho ubudlelane phakathi imali amazwe. Fixed olu hlobo izivumelwano ezithile.

Inkqubo yemali ngamazwe iqulathe amacandelo eziliqela.

Icandelo lokuqala ke yorhwebo imali ehlabathini. Yena yenethiwekhi ubudlelane emali phakathi kwamazwe. Inqwelo yokuqala enjalo igolide.

Icandelo lesibini - izinga lotshintshiselwano. Njengoko nezakwamanye ixabiso lemali likarhulumente, yena (umlinganiselo) lubonakaliswa iiyunithi lemali kwamanye amazwe. Izinga lotshintshiselwano kunokuba zombini fixed nezinejika. isiseko sokuqala zetyeleba ubo (ubukho bemfuno zegolide unit lemali eli lizwe). Incopho rates (bhetyebhetye) exchange zigqitywa ngokuthelekisa ukuthengwa izinga lotshintshiselwano kwamndla (iindleko kohlolo imali yesizwe igama elifanayo "Ingobozi zorhwebo").

Into yesithathu yenkqubo mali bezizwe iimarike lwemali kazwelonke.

Icandelo lesine - umbutho emali zemali. Ezi ziquka, ingakumbi, kuquka i- International Monetary Fund. Kukhuthaza intsebenziswano phakathi kohlanga. Ukongeza, ukuba ijonge ukubonelela indlela yokusebenza intsebenziswano kunye nokudityaniswa ekusombululeni iingxaki inter-State kwicandelo zemali. Ukuze iquka imibutho emali nawo amanye amaziko cross-esizwe, umsebenzi sentengo yemboleko ngexesha elinye kunye nohlobo exchange - iibhanki zophuhliso (kwimimandla), i-Bank for International Settlements Basel kunye nabanye.