Indlela yokufunda lokuthelekisa. Indlela esemthethweni ethelekisekayo

"Kufuneka ukuthelekisa," njengoko ubulumko odumileyo. Kungenjalo, ukuba ngaba abantu abaye ngabakufundileyo malunga nokuba nako wophuhliso lwawo, ngendlela abanye abantu abahlala kunye nabantu, yintoni iimeko oko ukudala ukuphucula ubomi bakho? Uthelekiso ekhoyo kuzo zonke iinkalo yobukho bomntu. Kwaye ingekuko kuphela kubomi bemihla ngemihla.

Science uye wasebenzisa elide uthelekiso njengenye yeendlela eziphambili ukufumana ulwazi malunga ihlabathi. Ibizwa yokuthelekisa amakhonkco indlela yovavanyo, iimfano neeyantlukwano phakathi kwezinto bafunda. Le ndlela - ingqiqo sincinane, ngaphezu uthelekisa ngengqiqo ngemihla.

Marx kunye Engels delimit la magama, ekubeni indlela ufuna umbutho okhethekileyo, uqeqesho, ukubambelela kwimigaqo. Kananjalo zinendima enkulu lokusekwa indlela oluthelekisayo imbono dialectical ngayo indalo.

Oku izifundo ndlela kufanele impumelelo yabo phantse kuzo zonke iinkalo zezifundo zenzululwazi. Into yokuba kukho indlela athelekisekayo, apho yaye isetyenziswa njani na - on.

Iimpawu indlela yokuthelekisa

indlela lokuthelekisa ulwazi lwenzululwazi kusetyenziswa imephu kwe ezimbini izinto ukuze kuchongwe kubo wokuhlelwa ezahlukeneyo ngokubanzi, ukwakha kunye typologies. Ezi izinto singabandakanya ezahlukahlukeneyo izimvo, iziphumo zophando, iziganeko, iinkqubo, iimpawu umgangatho izinto, njalo-njalo.

Le ndlela inxulumene enokwehla lwezenzululwazi ngokubanzi, inika ulwazi ithiyori kwaye lisetyenziswa jikelele. Nguye sisiseko zophando ezininzi applied kuba ivumela ngokwesiseko iimpawu izinto ukwenza iqela labo. Ezi ukuhlelwa asetyenziswa kwizifundo ezilandelayo njengesiseko.

Imizekelo indlela lothelekiso singayizekelisa ngokusekelwe iifom zawo;

• indlela lokuthelekisa zokuthelekisa ityhila umahluko kuhlobo izinto phantsi ukufunda (umzekelo, umKristu Nezinqulo Muslim);
• uthelekiso ezeMbali typological uvumela ukuba ziqaqambise imisebenzi eqhelekileyo ngezenzeko ezingazalaniyo xa omnye iimeko (umz, sendiselane kweelwimi ezahlukeneyo);
• uthelekiso ezeMbali genetic ibonisa ukufana phakathi izinto, edityanisiweyo iimeko imvelaphi kunye nophuhliso kokuhlambeleyo, ngokuzibandakanya kwabo (umz, uphuhliso izilwanyana kunye psyche kwabantu).

zophando oluthelekisayo apho kusetyenziswa ezi ndlela?

Indlela lokuthelekisa yenye ubhetyebhetye kakhulu kwi theory and ukwenza ulwazi, ngoko ke isetyenziswa Sciences ezininzi:

• komzimba lokuthelekisa (yesebe biology);
• wezenkolo yenkolo izifundo;
• imbali ye Ezolimi;
• imbali iincwadi;
• ezafakwa;
• Political Science and Law, ingakumbi, isaphuli-mthetho;
• yemfuza (lokuthelekisa) psychology;
• ifilosofi.

Indlela othelekiso afakwe phaya bengqondo

ukusetyenziswa kwezi ndlela oluthelekisayo Ucwaningo kumasebe ahlukeneyo bengqondo. It ikuvumela ukuba ukuthelekisa iimpawu ngamnye, ukuphuhliswa psyche, iimpawu zamaqela abantu ukuba bafikelele kwizigqibo malunga iindlela ngokusekwa noonobangela umahluko izinto uphando.

Ngenxa yoko, zahlula-psychology usebenzisa indlela yokuthelekisa ukuchonga iimfano neeyantlukwano iimpawu ngokwasengqondweni kumaqela athile abantu, zoopsychology - ukufumana nasekusungulweni psyche xa abameli izigaba ezahlukeneyo ekukhuleni kwehlabathi yezilwanyana, ngezengqondo - utshintsho imisebenzi yengqondo yabantu, ngokuxhomekeka kubudala yayo.

"Indlela macandelo umnqamlezo" njengendlela othelekiso afakwe phaya psychology ukumisela uphuhliso umsebenzi ofanayo kwengqondo okanye iimpawu amaqela ahlukeneyo abantu. Ngokomzekelo, thelekisa inqanaba lophuhliso obuhlakani abafundi abakubudala ezahlukeneyo, amaqela ezahlukeneyo zentlalo okanye nabafundi ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo kunye neenkqubo zoqeqesho. Kukho kwakhona "indlela amacandelo longitudinal," okanye longitudinal. Yohluka ukusuka yokuthelekisa eziphande into efanayo ixesha elide khona. Injongo yoku likhangela iinguqu ezithi zenzeke ukuya into ngokuhamba kwexesha.

Ukuba nokwenzeka indlela othelekiso afakwe phaya bengqondo

Zonke typology ubuntu, ukuhlelwa uphawu ezithile abantu psychology wadala yi ukusetyenziswa indlela lokuthelekisa. Nkqu lilungiselelo yomzamo, le ndlela iquka silungelelanise ulinganisele ukusebenza isiphumo ezithile ezahlukeneyo. Kulo mzekelo i data igalelo zithelekiswa kwaye isiphumo afunyenwe emva kokuba iziphumo zovavanyo.

Kunye nezinye iindlela (longitudinal, complex), indlela lokuthelekisa kwinzululwazi engqondweni buyafuneka. Ngaphandle kwayo, yonke iqela engqondweni kusasazwa iiyunithi ayizukubakho Ukuhlelwa Imisebenzi, iintlobo ubuntu, iimpawu ibakala ubudala, njalo njalo. D. Ngoko ke, le ndlela ngokufanelekileyo kuqwalaselwa indlela oodola ulwazi nokuqikelela utshintsho.

Ezingeloncedo indlela othelekiso afakwe phaya bengqondo

Phakathi ethile ukuba, ungathanda nje nayiphi na enye indlela, iye indlela yokuthelekisa, oko kuchazwe:

• uxhomekeko kweziphumo ezivela kwizifundo ezingashukumiyo, isiza sinjalo;
• umngcipheko iphelelwe kwenkcazelo ngexesha lweenkcukacha;
• imfuno iindlela yophando eyongezelelweyo inkcazelo engakumbi.

Zonke izinto eziluncedo nezingeloncedo indlela ekhethiweyo yokumisela ithuba ukusetyenziswa kwayo. Kakade ke, ukuba uphando olunzulu ndlela yokufumana nokulungisa ulwazi akwanelanga.

Indlela esemthethweni ethelekisekayo

Indlela yomthetho othelekiso afakwe phaya nkqubo karhulumente kunye nomthetho yenye yeendlela eziphambili yokwazi. Uthi uthelekiso iinkqubo, nokuhlalisana concepts zohlobo olusemthethweni ukuhlola ezifana zabo, ukuchonga izizathu umahluko. Olu thelekiso ivumela siqonde njani na uphuhliso lwabo kanye ukuguqulwa indlela ezilandelelana ngayo kwenziwa, kwaye adale ukuhlelwa iziganeko ezinjalo.

Indlela lokuthelekisa iya kuvumela ukuba anikezele isebe yenzululwazi eyahlukileyo - mthetho lothelekiso, esingethe isifundo kunye luthelekiso iinkqubo ezahlukeneyo yomthetho kwamazwe ehlabathini.

Ekufundeni amava amazwe umthetho urhulumente unako ukuphucula inkqubo yaso yomthetho, ukuba bashiye iindlela lixesha abangafezekanga zomsebenzi, kunye nokusebenzisa amava kakuhle Uphuhliso lomthetho wayo.

ukubonakala kwakhe nenzululwazi yale ndlela iyafuneka impumelelo ezinye zobugcisa nezentlalo zenzululwazi: imathematika, cybernetics kwengqondo.

ukubaluleka Practical of indlela esemthethweni zokuthelekisa

ngokoqobo indlela othelekiso afakwe phaya kwinzululwazi esemthethweni kukuba kukuvumela ukuba ufumane iindlela ezingcono zokusombulula iingxaki zentlalo. It ikuvumela ukuba ukuqonda ukuba kutheni elinye inyathelo elifanayo kwi inkcubeko esemthethweni karhulumente mnye isemthethweni, kwaye enye - a mthetho.

iindlela lokuthelekisa ndlela ziquka iindlela ezahlukeneyo yokuthelekisa:

• umsebenzi, nto leyo evumela ukuba bathelekise imisebenzi eyenziwa omnye okanye kwelinye iziko likarhulumente;
• ibhanile, imiqathango kunye neendidi iinkqubo ezithile zomthetho ukuba uhlalutyo komthetho kunye nezigqibo mthetho;
• ngxaki, nto leyo uthelekisa isisombululo kweembambano ezithile zomthetho kwi-sikhokelo yenkqubo yezomthetho kwaye ahlalutye ithuba lokusebenzisa ezi izisombululo njengenxalenye umthetho wawo;
• umhlabi ehlaziya yintoni itekisi ukuyila umphumo aveza imveliso kwi ekuphunyezweni ulawulo lomthetho kwinqanaba lesizwe;
• binary ukuba iimephu hayi zibekiwe, kwaye kuphela nenkqubo ezimbini ekhoyo yezopolitiko okanye ekuhlaleni.

Othelekiso uMthetho nezinto

umthetho lokuthelekisa ngazo uncwadi iinkalo ezintathu ezingundoqo:

1. Njengoko indlela lokuthelekisa uphando.
2. Njengokuba isebe le-science elizimeleyo.
3. Njengoko indibanisela ubuchule kunye ingqeqesho yenzululwazi eyahlukileyo.

Okuninzi ndlela mihla kuthathwa ukuba wesithathu, njengoko luphawula ukuba umthetho lothelekiso inokuba indlela eyodwa lonke nenzululwazi, esivumela ukuba bafunde le mibuzo, kwaye kwakhona ube inzululwazi ozimeleyo kuba umntu into yaso yokufunda, ububanzi kunye nokubaluleka practical.

Imigaqo ezisisiseko indlela esemthethweni zokuthelekisa

Njengaye nawuphi Ukuqiqa lwenzululwazi, iindlela indlela lothelekiso kwenziwa ngokuhlonipha imigaqo esisiseko:

1. Ekuthelekisweni kwemimiselo yezomthetho elawula nomba esebenzayo izisombululo zomthetho, okt. E. Indlela ukusombulula iingxaki ezinokubakho kwezentlalo.
2. Kuthathelwa ingqalelo iimeko zophuhliso yezembali, izibonelelo ngokusemthethweni moya boluntu.
3. ngokutsha Critical lwe data.

ukubaluleka Practical iindlela lokuthelekisa zophando

Ixabiso indlela othelekiso afakwe phaya kwimbali isayensi inzima phansi. Uphuhliso yembali ithi noluntu, kwemvelo ukuphucula ukubonakala ngokwasemzimbeni kunye nemisebenzi amalungu kunye neenkqubo abantu kunye nezilwanyana, ngembali Ezolimi, typology ngokwasengqondweni - ngeke kwenzeke ezi zinto kunye nezinye mpumelelo ezininzi apho kungekho ukusebenzisa indlela lokuthelekisa.

Uphawu yale ndlela yokufumana ulwazi kuquka kuphela yeengcingane, kodwa ngokubaluleka layo. Umzekelo, ukuba isicelo le ndlela xa nomthetho ivumela ukuchonga iindlela ezingcono ukujongana nemiba esemthethweni bengqondo - ukwenza izigqibo malunga iipateni bengqondo kunye nokudala iinkqubo ezisebenzayo yemfundo self-nophuhliso kuwo onke amaqela abantu abadala kunye nezinye iindidi zabantu. Kuye kucace ukuba uhlalutyo lothelekiso yenye yezona niphetshethwe phantse zonke zenzululwazi yobugcisa, zendalo kunye nezentlalo.