Oksijini Atomic: iipropati luncedo. Yintoni oksijini atomic?

Khawube nomfanekiso-ngqondweni umzobo nanto leyo lwaba umlilo buhlungu. Beautiful imibala lisikwe isetyenziswe ezininzi imibala, iye yanyamalala phantsi kweengqimba uthuthu lweziko emnyama. Kubonakala, wobugcisa nobutyobo yalahleka.

magic zesayensi

Kodwa ukwenza lithemba. Painting ufakwa kwigumbi emoyeni apho izinto kudala engabonakaliyo, ebizwa ioksijini enamandla atomic. Kwisithuba nje iiyure ezimbalwa okanye iintsuku, kancinane kodwa ngokuqinisekileyo zivule amagqabi kunye imibala izoqala ivele kwakhona. Legqunyiwe ngomaleko entsha ivanishi ngaphaya, ekupeyinteni wabuyela isesebuqaqawulini bayo bokuqala.

Kusenokubonakala ngathi oko umlingo, kodwa yinto inzululwazi. Le ndlela, eyenziwe zizazinzulu kwiziko lophando Glennovskom (GIZ) NASA usebenzisa ioksijini atom ngolondolozo kunye nokubuyiselwa imisebenzi yobugcisa, leyo ngenye indlela ziya elingenakungcibeka yonakele. Le into unako abilayo ngokupheleleyo ukuxilongwa eyenzelwe umzimba womntu, oko kunciphisa kakhulu umngcipheko komtshiso oko. Izigulana seswekile, ukuba unako ukuphucula isixhobo esweni iswekile, apho inxalenye kuphela igazi ezifunekayo uvavanyo ngaphambili efunekayo ukuba izigulane ungalawula imeko yabo. Le nto kufuneka textured umphezulu Polymer ngenxa adhesion olungcono zeeseli ithambo, luvula amathuba amatsha amayeza.

Kwaye ke kukho into enamandla zingafumaneka ngqo emoyeni.

Atomic mpilo ezinto

Ioksijini olukhoyo ngeendlela ezininzi ezahlukeneyo. Irhasi siphefumla wabiza _2, oko kukuthi, kuba iqulathe-athom ezimbini. Kukho atomic ioksijini, ifomula apho - O (atom). Ifom yesithathu element kwemichiza - O _3. Le ozone, leyo, umzekelo, eyafunyanwa phezulu emoyeni komhlaba.

oksijini Atomic kwiimeko zendalo kumphezulu koMhlaba ixesha elide ayinakuba khona. Ine- reactivity phezulu kakhulu. Ngokomzekelo, ioksijini atom emanzini neefomu hydrogen peroxide. Kodwa indawo, apho kukho isixa esikhulu imitha yelanga, lo O ₂ molecule kulula ngakumbi, babeyigqobhozile ukwakha ifomu atomic. Umoya in Earth emzileni eliphantsi kwi-96% siquka ioksijini atomic. Ekuqaleni le uthumo kwisiphekepheke ngu NASA phambi kwalo kubangela iingxaki.

Nobungozi elungileyo

Ngokutsho uBruce Banks, yemvelo senior "Alfaporta" benza uphando bume sithuba kwisebe kwiziko Glennovskogo, emva kokuba iinqwelo zokuqala ezimbalwa izinto kwisiphekepheke yokwakhiwa kwayo yayikhangeleka ngokungathi zagutyungelwa iqabaka (ukuba phantsi ukhukuliseko kakhulu kunye texturing). oksijini Atomic idityaniswe izinto eziphilayo khazi iziphekepheke ngokuthe odalekayo kuwo.

GIZ ukuphanda unobangela lomonakalo. Ngenxa yoko, abaphandi nje kwasekwa iindlela zokukhusela iziphekepheke ukusuka ioksijini atom, nabo bafumana indlela yokusebenzisa amandla enokubakho etshabalalisayo lwesi sakhi lweekhemikhali yokuphucula ubomi on Earth.

Ukhukuliseko in space

Xa isiphekepheke na emhlabeni zanda ephantsi (eboniswe apho izithuthi swi esekelwe ISS), ioksijini atom wabumba emoyeni lentsalela, kungaba asabela kunye phezu kwisiphekepheke, bone ngabo baba ezimashakeleyo. Kwisikhululo yophuhliso, iinkqubo amandla ziye iinkxalabo ukuba izinto ibhetri solar eyenziwe Iipholima baye ukuthotywa ngokukhawuleza ngenxa ngesenzo somdlali oxidizer esebenzayo.

glass nezimo

NASA ifumene isicombululo. Iqela izazinzulu ukusuka Glennovskogo Research Centre lenze ukutyabeka obhityileyo-umboniso for solar panels ukuba xhungu isenzo isiqalelo ndlongondlongo. Silica okanye iglasi, sele oxidized, ngoko ke asikwazi iyonakala ioksijini atomic. Abaphandi baye wadala yayisoma yiglasi dust ngaphaya, yenza isijwili, untshwenyile kangangokuba ukuba bhetyebhetye. Lo maleko yokhuselo ngokuqinileyo ngqo kwiqela lenjongo intlaka; ewe kukhukuliseko, ngaphandle kwenzakalise naziphi na iimpawu zayo thermal. Ukufunda isekhona ngempumelelo sikhusela iiphaneli zesola ye-International Space Station, kwaye iye yasetyenziswa ukukhusela kwisikhululo photovoltaic "Mir".

Ngokutsho Banks, iiphaneli zesola ngempumelelo iminyaka engaphezu kweshumi lokuhlala esithubeni.

Nokusetyenziswa kwamandla

Emva kokuchitha amakhulu zovavanyo ezibe yinxalenye kuphuhliso Ipeyinti ezixhathisayo mpilo-atom, iqela oososayensi ukusuka Research Centre Glennovskogo wazuza amava ukuqonda indlela imichiza. Iingcali wabona ukuba ukusebenzisa ezinye izinto ndlongondlongo.

Ngokutsho Banks, eli qela bevayo utshintsho umphezulu imichiza kukuwohloka organic izinto. Iimpawu ioksijini atom yenziwe ngohlobo lokuba uyakwazi ukususa nayiphi na imveliso zomgquba, ezizizembiwa, nto leyo nje modem imichiza eziqhelekileyo.

Abaphandi baye bafumana iindlela ezininzi ukuyisebenzisa. Bafunda ukuba ioksijini atom ejika umphezulu abicah kwi iglasi, ezinokuba luncedo ukuba udale amalungu ngetywina hermetic ngaphandle kwabo unamathele omnye komnye. Le nkqubo yenzelwe uphawu Station Space International. Ukongeza, oosonzululwazi bafumanisa ukuba ioksijini atom ungayibuyisa nokugcina imisebenzi ezonakeleyo wobugcisa, ukuphucula izinto zokwakha moya, kwakunye ukuzuza abantu njengoko unokusetyenziswa ezahlukeneyo izicelo biomedical.

Iikhamera kunye ephathekayo

Kukho iindlela ezahlukeneyo ngempembelelo ioksijini atom phezu komhlaba. Amagumbi cleaner ezininzi ezisetyenziswayo ngokuqhelekileyo. isayizi yazo kuyahluka iibhokisi yezihlangu ngaphambi kokufakwa 1.2 x 1.8 x 0.9 m. Ngokusebenzisa microwave okanye sokuquqa kwerediyo radiation ₂ O molecule babeyigqobhozile imo ioksijini atomic. Egumbini ndaba isampulu Polymer izinga ukhukhuliseko leyo ibonisa xi ukwimo esebenzayo ngaphakathi yunithi.

Enye indlela yokusebenzisa into sisixhobo ephathekayo ivumela ukwalathisa umlambo emxinwa ye oxidant kwitekeni ethile. Ngaba ukwenza loo flow ibhetri ekwaziyo equka indawo enkulu kumphezulu ngayo.

Njengoko uphando liyanda inani kumashishini inomdla ukusetyenziswa ioksijini atomic. NASA liye laququzelela ezahlukeneyo nentsebenziswano, kudityaniswe amashishini nkampani, nokuthe kwiimeko ezininzi ziye zaba yimpumelelo kwiindawo zoshishino ezahlukeneyo.

ioksijini Atomic ukuba umzimba

izicelo zophando element kwemichiza ayiphelelanga sisibhakabhaka. ioksijini Atomic, iipropati luncedo zichongwa, kodwa ngakumbi ukuba kuhlolwe, wafumana izicelo zonyango abaninzi.

Isetyenziswa texturing phezu Iipholima kwaye kubenza bakwazi ukukhula kunye ithambo. Le Iipholima bakholisa zigxothe iiseli ithambo kodwa element iikhemikhali esebenzayo yenza adhesion texture-ukwandisa. Oku kukhokelela kwenye imfanelo, izinto ezo kuzisa ioksijini atom - unyango lwezifo kwenkqubo musculoskeletal.

Le oxidizer nazo zinokusetyenziswa ukuze ususe ubumdaka ukusuka implants eziphilayo esebenzayo yotyando. Kwanokuba indlela esetyenziswayo njengangoku kunokuba nzima ukususa yonke imizila iiseli iintsholongwane igu- phezu implants, ebizwa endotoxins. Ezi izinto eziphilayo, kodwa hayi ubomi, kwangokunjalo sokuvalwa lingenako ukususa kubo. Endotoxins kunokubangela ukudumba post-umzila, nto leyo ebangela enkulu intlungu ezinokuba iingxaki kwizigulane kunye uyofaka lusekiwe.

ioksijini Atomic, iipropati eziluncedo ezenza kube lula ukucoca afakelweyo uze ususe zonke izinto ezidibene eziphilayo izinto, ukunciphisa kakhulu amathuba ukudumba post-operative. Oku kukhokelela ekuphuculweni iziphumo zemisebenzi kunye nokuncitshiswa iintlungu kwizigulane.

Ukukhululwa seswekile

Ithekhnoloji lisetyenziswa nabenzi boluvo glucose kunye nezinye esweni zonyango kunye eziphilayo. Basebenzisa okuzenzela acrylic optic, textured atomic oxygen. Olu nyango ivumela imicu ukuba coca ulwelo ngaphandle i iiseli ezibomvu zegazi, esivumela serum zoqhagamshelwano ngempumelelo ngakumbi icandelo imichiza wakuqonda esweni.

Ngokutsho Miller, Sharon, yinjineli yombane kwiSebe bume isithuba kunye experiments iziko lophando Glennovskogo NASA, lenza uvavanyo luchaneke kakhulu, kwaye ngexesha elinye ukulinganisa uvavanyo eswekile yegazi efunekayo umqulu ezincinane kakhulu ngegazi. Ungafumana edubuleyo phantse naphi na kwi umzimba ukuze ufumane imali eyaneleyo igazi ukuqinisekisa inqanaba yeswekile.

Enye indlela ukufumana umoya atom - hydrogen peroxide. Le yindlela enamandla kakhulu ngakumbi oxidizer ngaphezu eziphilayo. Oku kungenxa kalula ngayo abole peroxide. oksijini Atomic akhiwa ngale, esebenza ezingenamandla kakhulu ezinto ngakumbi. Oku kubangelwa kwaye aluncedo isicelo iperoksayidi yehidrojeni: ukutshatyalaliswa molecule iidayi kunye ezincane.

nokubuyiselwa

Xa umsebenzi wobugcisa emngciphekweni umonakalo ongenakulungiseka ukususa ezingcolisa organic oxygen atom lungasetyenziswa, ikhefu ipateni izinto lomelele. Inkqubo isusa zonke izinto eziphilayo ezifana carbon okanye uthuthu, kodwa ngokuqhelekileyo alunasiphumo kwi ipeyinti. Ngombala jikelele imvelaphi ezingaphiliyo kwaye sele oxidized, kwaye oku kuthetha ukuba akayi umonakalo ioksijini. iidayi Organic kwakhona igcinwe ngenyameko ngexesha exposure count. Ngelaphu sikhuselekile ngokupheleleyo, ngenxa yokuba umoya atom na qha kuphela kumphezulu womzobo.

imisebenzi zobugcisa zibekwe kwigumbi emoyeni apho oxidant yenziwe. Kuxhomekeka iqondo umonakalo umfanekiso ahlale khona iiyure-20 ukuya kuma-400. Kuba unyango olukhethekeliyo kwindawo eyonakeleyo ezifuna yokubuyiselwa, lingakwazi zingasetyenziswa umsinga ioksijini atomic. Oku kushenxisa imfuneko ukubeka nemifanekiso a kwigumbi cleaner.

Uthuthu lweziko kunye lipstick - akukho ngxaki

Olondolozo lwembali, amaziko kunye iicawa baqalisa ukuba uqhagamshelane GIZ, ukugcina nokubuyisela imisebenzi yabo yobugcisa. Research Centre wabonakalisa amandla ukubuyisela ukupeyinta ezonakeleyo kufakwe Jackson Pollock, susa yokuqaba ne imizobo Endi Uorhola ugcine eyonakaliswe umsi ngelaphu ibandla St. Stanislaus e Cleveland. Iqela Glennovskogo Research Centre wasebenzisa ioksijini atom ukubuyisela isiqwenga uthathwa ezilahlekileyo - ikopi eminyaka ubudala Italian of Raphael kaThixo "Madonna kwesitulo", endingowakhe eSt Alban kaThixo Episcopal Church in Cleveland ..

Ngokutsho Banks, lwesi sakhi imichiza iphumelela kakhulu. Wokubuyisela art esebenza kakuhle. Noko ke, oku akuthethi ukuba unako ukuthenga kwibhotile, kodwa isebenza ngakumbi.

Studies elizayo

NASA qho reimbursable ukusebenza ezahlukahlukeneyo lwabachaphazelekayo ioksijini atomic. Glennovsky Research Centre inceda umntu ubuqu, imisebenzi yabo nanto zobugcisa kuye kwachatshazelwa imililo ekhaya, kwakunye ngamazwe, wafuna ithuba usebenzisa izinto kwizicelo GCP ezifana LightPointe lezoNyango Eden Prairie, Minnesota. Le nkampani iye yafunyanwa ukusetyenziswa ezininzi ioksijini atomic uya kufumana ngakumbi.

Ngokutsho Banks, kwakukho iindawo ezininzi unexplored. Kwafunyaniswa inani elikhulu lezicelo technology isithuba, kodwa mhlawumbi abangakumbi kungenzeka ngaphandle kubuchwepheshe isithuba.

Space kwi wokunceda umntu

Iqela izazinzulu unethemba ukuqhubeka ukuphonononga iindlela zokusebenzisa i-oxygen atom, kwakunye nezo sele wafumana ithemba. lobuchwepheshe abaninzi baye nelungelo, kunye neqela GIZ linethemba lokuba le nkampani ziya ilayisensi kwaye commercialize abathile kubo, eziya kuzisa iingenelo nangakumbi kuluntu.

Phantsi kweemeko ezithile, ioksijini atom kunokubangela umonakalo. Ngenxa NASA abaphandi, le nto ngoku ukwenza igalelo elihle ukuhlolwa , kunye nobomi on Earth. Nokuba ukugcinwa imisebenzi nanto wobugcisa okanye impilo yabantu, oxygen atom sisixhobo esinamandla. Ukusebenza kunye naye uvuzwa kalikhulu, yaye iziphumo ezibonakalayo ngoko nangoko.