Dog uhlobo eye waqalisa orbit kunye nezizathu le nketho

Ngowe-1957, inyanga emva kokuba baqalise komzila Isathelayithi yokuqala eyenziwe ngumntu iye emajukujukwini labhabha isidalwa yokuqala abaphila emhlabeni uMhlaba. Yaba isilwanyana, ezanyisayo, inja. Igama lakhe indawo Laika entle.

Laykina slava

Esi silwanyana ngokukhawuleza waduma kwaye ethandwa kulo lonke ihlabathi, ubuqaqawuli Laiki umona artists edumileyo, iimvumi wejazz, iinkwenkwezi zamatye 'n' roll kunye neembaleki, bangabi sakhunjulwa tipolitiki. Le meko kuphela kuphazamiseke uvuyo phezu impumelelo olulandelayo zenzululwazi kunye uzobe olwenziwe nangobudala kwisithuba, yaba kukufa inja. Emva kokuhlala iinyanga ezintandathu ujikeleza, ithwele amawaka amabini neziphithiphithi jikelele umhlaba, i-satellite wayitshisa phezulu emoyeni. Yiyiphi inkqubela ubandakanya kuphela ubuqaqawuli oovulindlela, yaye oko kufuna nemibingelelo.

Ngomhla umbuzo wokuba yintoni ezizalana inja ezifakwa orbit, ukunika impendulo ecacileyo, akukho muntu. Laika waba "noblewoman", ngamanye amazwi, a mongrel elula. Kutheni kwenzeka kanye ngendlela yaba.

imicimbi moya Previous

Studies isiphumo yeemeko ezahlukeneyo ezihamba ubukho eziphilileyo kwisithuba kufuphi-Earth, kuqhutywa ukususela ngowe-1951. Dezik kunye Gypsies baba ngoovulindlela phakathi earthlings, bafumana ithuba ekhwela phezulu stratospheric (100 km) e capsule swi, kodwa isithuba ukusaba babo kubizwa ngokuba, nangona rocket, Wabaphakamisela, waba efanayo njengoko R-7, apho kamva waya ezinye oosomajukujuku emajukujukwini. Bangena orbit, kodwa sele umithe. Kodwa suborbital yakhe "jump" dezikom kunye Roma babuyela.

Belka and Strelka

Emva uthotho efanayo start-ups ukuba ibilithuba vaakelani va. Inja yokuqala isithuba, Laika, wafa, kodwa izazinzulu eSoviet abe ingxaki zilandelayo leyo isonjululwe. Ukuba ukwandisa ubunzima payload nokuqinisekisa ukubuyela Earth.

Weight landa kabini njengoko inani 'abakhweli ". Belka and Strelka, njengoko zazibizwa, nabo baba mongrels. Zhaklin Kennedi, kuzo NS isipho Khrushchev ngendlela engaqhelekanga, akwacela ukuba uhlobo inja ezifakwa orbit kweli xesha. Umama puppy yaba utolo edume bantinga emajukujukwini, kwaye le nto yenza into ethile ngoku.

Nigella ne asterisk

Esondela ekusombululeni ingxaki ngokusungula cosmonaut yokuqala, izazinzulu etyelwe indiza bakhe inqanawa "yezitshixo ichaza", okt dummy baxhotyiswa abenzi boluvo abaninzi. Le nkampani "Ivan Ivanovich" (njengoko igama e Baikonur) wayengumhlobo emine yemilenze kakhulu womntu. Ngaphantsi kwe inyanga ngaphambi kokunduluka Gagarin kaThixo, le "sibini" ukuze aphaphazele aye isithuba kwaye babuyela. Kwakhona, akukho iingxelo inja uhlobo eye waqalisa orbit, isiqhulo layo nje kuphela, Nigella, waba uluntu. Kungekudala ukuba nentembelo kwimpumelelo yomzamo liphindwe. Inkwenkwezi waqinisekisa ezikhoyo kuthetha ukuba kulungile.

Ngoko kutheni na ukuba bonke mutts?

Ngoku ke ithuba abantu kuhla isithuba. Kwaye lixesha ukucacisa ukuba uhlobo inja ezifakwa orbit kumaxesha yokuqala elandelayo, yaye kutheni.

Impendulo yaba ngokumangalisayo elula. Iinjineli zamashishini isithuba xa "umkhweli" sikhokelwa neempawu zalo ezifana nempilo entle, ntshikilelo, ubukrelekrele, yaye, isimilo esihle lobuhlobo. Ke kaloku, bandisa aqeshwa yi malunga nendlela efanayo esisiseko ukuba iqembu oosomajukujuku.

Kwakukho kweminyaka (ngaphantsi kweminyaka 6). Ubunzima akufuneki ibe ngaphezulu kwama-6 kg. A umbala ekhethwayo sekusile, ibe ligazi ukuba empumlweni izilwanyana (nokuzibonakalisa bayo) ukuba ngokucacileyo ebonakalayo umabonwakude screen.

Emva ukhetho elide kunye ngononophelo uqeqesho ekhethiweyo inja kuqala. Xa isithuba, ndatyelela Laika, sele iwupasisile ngempumelelo zonke iimvavanyo, ebonisa iziphumo ezingcono.