Imithombo yamaminerali yaseBelarus, imeko yabo kunye nokusetyenziswa kwazo

Ziziphi izityebhile zaseBelarus ezibonakaliswe yimithombo ebalulekileyo? Yintoni efihliweyo kwizantsi kweli lizwe laseMpuma Yurophu? Ngaba iimithombo zamaminerari zeRiphabhulikhi ziyalungiswa kwaye zisetyenziswe? Sizakuzama ukuphendula yonke le mibuzo kule nqaku.

IRiphabhlikhi yaseBelarus: iimpawu eziqhelekileyo zobume belizwe

Ijografi yomzimba yaseBelarus ihluke kwiimpawu eziliqela. Ezi zi:

• Ukuguquka kwintsimi;
• I-predominance ye-poor-sod-podzolic ne-sod-bog;
• Imozulu yelizwekazi eliqinileyo kunye nexesha lokubanda kwebusika.
• Ukurhweba komhlaba okubalulekileyo (malunga ne-30%);
• Inani elikhulu lamachibi amanzi aphantsi (ubuncinane ubuncinane amawaka ayi-10).

Phantse kwisithathu kweli lizwe lihlanganiswe ngamahlathi aquka ikakhulukazi i-oki, i-birch, i-aspen, i-spruce okanye ipineyini. Amachibi amaninzi kunye namanxuwa aseBelarus aye akhethwe iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zeentaka. Eburhulumenteni kukho indawo yokuhlala eB Belovezhskaya Pushcha, eyaziwa ngaphesheya kwemida yelizwe. Kulapha ukuba uluntu oluninzi lukhuselekile, kunye nehlathi lokugqibela e-Yurophu.

Imithombo yamaminerali yaseBelarus: iindawo zokugcina kunye nenqanaba lophuhliso

KwiRiphabhlikhi yaseBelarus kukho i-4,000 iifomethi zezinto eziphathekayo ezimbiweyo. Ihlabathi lonke liyaziwayo ngenxa yeendawo zayo ezininzi zetyuwa ye potassium. Ngokomthamo wendawo yokugcina imali, ihlala kwindawo ekhokela eYurophu.

Amanye amaminerali aseBelarus ayinarha yeryuwa, i-peat, kunye nezinto eziyimveliso zecandelo lokwakha (i-granites, i-dolomites, i-chaki, i-limestone nabanye). Kukho iifowuni ezincinci kwilizwe . Uphuhliso lwabo lwaqala ngawo-1960. Nangona kunjalo, namhlanje ilizwe libandakanya iimfuno zalo zasekhaya zegolide elimnyama kuphela ngo-12-15%.

Kwiibilini zaseBelarus kukho iindawo eziqhelekileyo, igolide yendabuko, kunye neadayimani (phantsi kweengcamango zeengcali ezithile ze-geological). Nangona kunjalo, ukuphuhliswa kwazo kunye nokukhutshwa kwazo nayiphi na imeko kuya kuba yingeniso ngenxa yecala lokulala lo mthombo.

Izinto ezisetyenzisiweyo zamaminerali: i-phosphorites, i-potassium kunye neerite

Kwindawo yeMogilev yeRiphablikhi, iiposphorites zifunyenwe. Apha, ngokweengcali ze-geologists, kukho ubuninzi beetoni ezingama-60 ezi zinto. E-Belarus i-phosphorites ifakwe ngolu hlobo lwamacwecwe amancinci okanye ahlakazeka kwiintlobo ezininzi zesanti.

Kwiibilini zelizwe zifumane iindidi ze-potassium. Iiphozithi zale mithombo yamaminerali zijoliswe kwingxenyeni esezantsi yeBelarus (i-Starobin, i-Octyabrsk, iPetrikov). Iimveliso zabo zorhwebo ziqikelelwa yiijoloji kwiitoni ezigidi ezili-10, kwaye inani (elibikezelweyo) - malunga nama-80 ezigidi zeetoni.

Kuye kwafunyanwa eBelarus. Bayixinzelelo lwe-Pripyat, kwingingqi yeekhilomitha ezili-25 000. I-Upper Devonian idilesi yamatye yenziwe ngamacwecwe amabini. Umthombo usacatshulwa kuphela kwiindawo ezimbini - kwiindawo zeMozyr kunye ne-Starobinskoye. Izikhuselo zabo zoshishino ziyi-22 yezigidigidi zeetayibrari.

Izinto zokuvelisa iiminerali zoshishino lokwakha

Izimbiwa ezisetyenziselwa ukwakhiwa zibandakanya i-loam kunye nodongwe, isanti, i-gravel, i-pearl, i-cholk, i-marl, i-limestone, i-granite, i-dolomite, i-labradorite, i-marble, i-kaolin kunye namanye amatye. Ummandla waseBelarus ucebile kakhulu kulezimbiwa.

Ukutshisa i-clay-melting clays ixhaphake kulo lonke ilizwe. Kuze kube sekuqaleni kwekhulu lemashumi amabini, bachithwa ngaphakathi kwimida yeMinsk. Ukubetha komgangatho ophezulu kunommandla waseVitebsk. Ubungakanani beendawo ezincinci ezidityanisiweyo kwiBelrusrus ziqikelelwa kuma-1.5 billion. Malinganisela inani elifanayo legravel kunye nezinto ezibonakalayo kwilizwe. Iingqungquthela kunye neengqungquthela zengqungquthela zihlala kwisithili seLoev naseStolin.

EBelarus, i-silicate kunye neekanti zokwakha nazo zichitshiweyo. Ubungakanani bawo obuqikelelwayo obuqikelelwayo buqikelelwa kwiibhiliyoni ezimbini zeekhabriki zamamitha ezixhobo. Ukwakhiwa kweesanti zitshintshwe kwiindawo ezingama-20. Inkulu kunazo zonke kufuphi nommandla waseLebejani kwisithili saseBaranovichi.

Kwimithombo yamaminerali yaseBelarusian kukho izinto eziyimveliso yecandelo le-cement - i-marl, i-chaki, kunye ne-moraine. Ngokukodwa, idiphozithi enkulu yamatye aseYurophu - iKommunarskoye - yafunyanwa kwingingqi yeKostyukovichi. Ngesiseko sayo kukho izityalo ezintathu. Kodwa kufuphi nesixeko saseVitebsk kukho idiphozithi enkulu yedoromite.

E-Belarus, iingubo zentsimbi (idayi) zichithwa kwakhona ngaphakathi kwiindawo zangaphakathi zomhlaba, ezisetyenziswa ngokubanzi kumasebe athile oqoqosho. Ingumhlophe omhlophe, i-ocher, i-siderite kunye ne-glauconite.

IiMeriya zee Ore

Ubuncinane iifomiti ezimbini ze- iron ore ziyaziwa eBelarus . ZiseKorelichi neSithili saseStolby. Umxholo wesinyithi kwii-quartzites zendawo zincinci kwaye zifikelela kuma-30%. Ukukhutshwa kwe-ore kuphazamiseka nokubonakala kunzulu kwimiqolo yayo.

Engxenyeni esezantsi yelizwe, izazi ze-geologists zikholelwa, zikhona iipositi zezinye izinto ezingezona zinyithi, ngokukodwa, ithusi yendalo kunye ne-chalcopyrite. Kwindawo yaseLelchitsy, ukuxinwa kwe-uranium kwiindawo ezinqabileyo kuya phezulu kwaye kufinyelela kwiindleko zamashishini (oko kukuthi, umbutho walo mveliso apha unokuba luncedo). Ngokubanzi, izazi ze-geologists ziyaqhubeka zihlolisisa ezantsi kweli lizwe, apho amatye e-crystal shield efika phezulu. Ngokombono wabo, kungekudala kuya kubakho ukuvula iifomethi ezintsha zeeminerali ezahlukahlukeneyo apho.

Amaminerali epetroli: ioli, igesi, i-peat

Umthombo wokuqala weoli waseBelrusrus wanyuka kwi-50s yokuqala yekhulu lokugqibela. Nangona kunjalo, ioli echithwe kuyo yayingeyona mgangatho ophezulu. Igolide elimnyama kwizinga loshishino laqala ukukhishwa apha kuphela phakathi kwee-1960. Ummandla waseBelarusian ukuveliswa kweoli kwakuyidolophu yaseRechitsa kwingingqi yaseGomel. Ioli apha yayingumgangatho ophezulu. Enye i-ostashkovichskoye enkulu ifunyenwe enye iikhilomitha ezingamashumi amabini ukusuka kuRechitsa.

Kukho konke, malunga neendawo ezinamafutha e-elinesine ziye zahlolwa kwiBelarus kude kube kude. Izitokethi ezipheleleyo zegolide elimnyama kuzo zi-toni ezingama-90. Ngomhla ilizwe liphanga malunga nezigidi ezi zimbini ezibonakalayo ezisuka kwiibilini.

Ioli yeBelarusian iqulethe inani elithile legesi ehambelana nayo. Nangona kunjalo, ukuveliswa kwayo kubandakanya ipesenti enye yeemfuno ezipheleleyo zelizwe kuloluvimba. Igesi edibeneyo isetyenziselwa ukuvelisa umbane kwenye yee-TPP, kwaye iya kwiindawo zokufudumala izindlu zokuhlala kwindawo yokuhlala kwiGomel.

Kwiibilini zeRiphabliki kukho iipasitidi ezininzi zendalo yamanzi-peat. Iimali zazo zonke iindawo ezingama-30 billion cubic meters. Okwangoku, i-peat iveliswa kwi-42 e-Belarus. Abaninzi babo basendaweni yasePolesie.

Ezinye iimbonari zelizwe

Ziziphi ezinye izityuli ezithembisa ukuba zam kwiBelarus? Zininzi ezinjalo:

• Amalahle aseBrown;
• I-oil shale;
• Gypsum.

Kwintsimi yeli lizwe, kuye kwahlolisiswa iipolisi ezininzi ze- oli shale, ezisezantsi ukuya kwi-600 mitha. Iingxowa zabo ezipheleleyo ziqikelelwa kwiitoni eziyizigidi ezili-11. Amaminerali aseBelarusian kunye namalahle omdaka abanobutyebi. Iipasitidi ezinkulu zale mithombo yamanzi zichongiwe ngasentshonalanga ye-Pripyat Trough. Kwimimandla efanayo, iipasiti ezibalulekileyo ze-gypsum zijoliswe. Ubungakanani beempahla zesi sakhiwo ziqikelelwa yiingcali kwiiyunithi ezingama-400 zezigidi.

Intsimi yaseBelarus, ngenxa yezinto ezikhethiweyo zakhiwo zesimo se-geological, ibuye isityebi kumanzi amaminerali angaphantsi komhlaba. Imithombo emininzi ye-sulfate, i-hydrocarbonate, i-magnesium kunye namanye amanzi afunyenwe ngaphakathi kwelizwe.

Iingxaki zanamhlanje kunye neempawu ezizodwa zokusebenzisa imithombo yamaminerali yaseBelarus

Ekupheleni kuka-2015, uMongameli weRiphabhulikhi, u-Alexander Lukashenko, wabamba intlanganiso, apho, ngokubhekiselele ekusebenziseni kwelizwe kunye nokusetyenziswa kwamanzi kunye neendawo zokugcina izinto ezixutywayo. Intloko karhulumente igxininise ukuba i-Belarus ifanele iyancitshiswe ukuxhomekeka kwayo kwizinto zangaphandle zezinto ezimbiweyo. Ukwenza oku, kuyimfuneko ukuseka umveliso sele sele uhlolisise idizithi, kunye nokubandakanyeka ngokutsha ekutshweni kwezinto ezintsha.

I-Belarus isebenzisa malunga ne-11 billion yezigidi ngonyaka ngokuthengwa kwama-hydrocarbons ukusuka ngaphandle. Ngelo xesha, ilizwe liphinda lithumele ezo minerals ezigcinwe ngobuninzi kwiibilini ze-republic. Sithetha malunga negravel, igravel, gypsum. Kwimeko efanayo kunye nolunye ulawulo olubalulekileyo: ngoko, ekulahleni kwaloo mithombo ecebileyo yamanzi amaminerali asemgangathweni, ilizwe lithenga amanzi atywala esuka eFransi, eItali nakwamanye amazwe.

I-Belarus sele iqulunqe inkqubo ekhethekileyo yokuphuhliswa nokusetyenziswa ngokufanelekileyo kwemithombo yamaminerali yendawo, ekufuneka iphucule imeko ukuba ibe ngcono.

Ekugqibeleni ...

Phantsi kwe-4,000 iifomethi ezahlukileyo sele zifunyenwe ngaphakathi kwelizwe. Izixhobo ezininzi ezidumileyo zezityalo zaseBelarus, ezisetyenziswa ngokutsha namhlanje, i-potash ityuwa, ioli kunye negesi, i-peat, ityuwa yamatye, i-dolomites, isanti yokwakha, i-clays kunye nama marley.