Inqaku 138 of Civil Code "Intellectual Property". Code Civil, Inxalenye I, Isahluko 6

Ngoncedo yenkampani ubulungisa ngamaxesha onke kuye amalungiselelo inkqubo yalo ukuzeyisa. Oko kukuthi, imithetho ethile ngokomthetho indlela eziphembelela ngqo ukuziphatha bonke abantu kwilizwe elithile. Kule uhlobo ezininzi lwelungelo ngokwaneleyo, okanye jikelele, ngoko ukuthetha. Into yokuba le mithetho zilawulwa yi eyona ingabalulekanga xa uqala kuqala, unxibelelwano noluntu. Umzekelo, ukuthenga imoto, ukuqesha indawo yokuhlala okanye i uhambo banal ukuya evenkileni - bonke imizekelo ukusebenzisana kwezentlalo, nto leyo ekhokelela ukubonakala iziphumo ezithile zomthetho. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba ekuphuhliseni uluntu njengoko bavela ekunene. Oku kuye kwakhokelela ekukhuleni kwawo ngokukhawuleza yommiselo. Ngamanye amazwi, ilungelo amanyathelo uye wanatyiselwa inani elikhulu lezinto. Umalusi nobuDlelwane izele izakhiwo ezintsha zomthetho, enye yazo kwisigaba epropathi enomgangatho ophezulu wokuqonda. Lo mmiselo usebenza icandelo kwisebe yoluntu yomthetho, nto leyo ekhokelela ekubeni uninzi mathuba zayo ezithile.

Yintoni na impahla yengqondo?

Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba umthetho wobukhaya - lishishini oluxandileyo, iquka iseti iindidi zomthetho. Uqulathe eyona mithetho elawula imiba esisiseko yentsebenziswano yabantu. ipropati yengqondo ngomnye wabo. Kodwa aqhelekileyo kunye umthetho wobukhaya abantu abayiqondi into isigaba elinikiweyo. Ngokubanzi ukuthetha, ipropati yengqondo - yinto uluhlu olubanzi amalungelo awodwa kunye zobuqu non-indawo iziphumo ezikhoyo yomsebenzi ngokwasengqondweni, okanye imisebenzi. Ngamanye amazwi, le didi ithuba elikhethekileyo lokumisela umntu umbhali into ethile, lahla kubo, kwakunye ithintele owayeze amanyathelo afanayo namanye amaziko.

Imbali ingenzeka kweendidi

Kufuneka kuqatshelwe into yokuba amalungelo obunini kushicilelo nokuthengiswa eyayikho kubume umthetho wobukhaya akusoloko. Ekuqaleni, ushishino ukulawula kuphela zokuphatha impahla. Siyazi ukususela kwimbali umthetho wobukhaya, sokuba kwixesha yophuhliso yayo, kumaxesha zamaRoma, kwaba yinxalenye umthetho usapho yoluntu, nto leyo wahlulelwa kamva. Kule bepropathi enomgangatho ophezulu wokuqonda libe yinto ummiselo osemthethweni baqala kuphela ukucinga ngenkulungwane XVII, xa baqalisa kuvela iziphumo ezaziwayo-kakuhle imisebenzi umbhali ngayo ababhali ezahlukahlukeneyo, amagcisa, iimvumi, njalo njalo N. Udidi kunayo yonke efunyenweyo ekupheleni kuka XIX -. Ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane XX, xa isantya sophuhliso zonke iinkalo zobomi bomntu sele umyalelo sezingeni elikhulu. indawo yabo isakhiwo kwihlelo amalungelo obunini kushicilelo nokuthengiswa komsebenzi zazifumanayo ngo-1967, xa yayamkela Stockholm Convention yokuseka i-World Intellectual Property Organisation.

Indawo didi kwi Russian Federation

Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba langoku isenzeko elisemthethweni namhlanje ngononophelo ukuphuhlisa kwaye rhoqo yala maxesha kumthetho ekhaya. Oku kungenxa strong isikhundla ngamazwe urhwebo of Russia. Isibakala sokuba ipropati yengqondo, yaye ngokukodwa, indlela yayo yokhuseleko - ingongoma ebalulekileyo kuninzi lwamazwe. Ngoko ke, ukuba eRashiya ufuna ukuba umdlali mkhulu emarikeni, kuyimfuneko ukuphuhlisa ulawulo kubudlelwane endle enikiweyo. Ngelo xesha linye zazivelela layo kuyavela. Ngapha koko, kukho sikhokelo zolawulo apho ipropathi enomgangatho ophezulu wokuqonda okulawulwayo. KweKhowudi Civil okanye ikhowudi yoluntu - isenzo engundoqo karhulumente, izibonelelo ezo zichazwe ngokuzeleyo nqaku thaca iindidi. Kulo mzekelo, umthetho umbuzo amalungelo obunini kushicilelo nokuthengiswa komsebenzi ibonwa ngokupheleleyo kangangoko kunokwenzeka. Ngokomzekelo, ubugcisa. 138 of the Code Civil ( "Intellectual Property") uthetha kuphela sokubandakanyeka udidi izinto ezingaphandle kwezo kwenkululeko ummiselo umthetho wobukhaya. Kodwa kule nkalo iqulethe kumafa layo inani elikhulu kobudlelwane zomthetho, apho kukho isakhiwo eyahlukileyo ngokupheleleyo kunye entsimini ngokusemthethweni.

Oonobangela kuhlobo ngokwahlukana

Kukho isixa esikhulu amanqaku, ngokoko ipropati eyahlukileyo yengqondo. Of the Code Civil ayichazi izizathu data, kodwa ivela kanye kakuhle kudidi eceleni. Ngenxa yokuba kukho iingcaciso ezininzi kutheni udidi ibaluleke kangaka eRashiya yanamhlanje.

• Okokuqala, ubukho iindlela ezithile ukhuseleko ikhuthaza abantu ukuba udale into entsha. Ngapha koko, ukuba umntu uziva ukhuselekile, ngoko ke akuyi kubakho ukoyika ukuba kwiziqhamo zemisebenzi yakhe kamva umntu uya kuyiqhekeza okanye uthathe kude.
• Okwesibini, bepropathi enomgangatho ophezulu wokuqonda formalizes wonke umsebenzi imisebenzi igama elifanayo. Oko kukuthi, umbhali okunene yenza ubuhlobo ngexesha nokudalwa bento.
• Okwesithathu, lo umsebenzi ngokwasengqondweni kwimeko yendalo yayo ngokomthetho uya kuvuzwa, ekhuthaza phambili kwabayili.
• Okwesine, ubukho bepropathi enomgangatho ophezulu wokuqonda kwinqanaba yeziko elisemthethweni kuza kukhokelela ekukhuleni inkcubeko yesizwe kunye noshishino.

Ngoko ke, amalungelo obunini kushicilelo nokuthengiswa Civil Code, inkcazelo yayo thaca kwiphepha sigaba ekhethekileyo ezizalisekisa amalungiselelo athile igama elinye isenzeko lezomthetho kwisebe lelizwe jikelele komthetho zabucala. Oku kuphakamisa umbuzo kusengqiqweni enokuthanani zindlela eli ziko enzima?

bepropathi enomgangatho ophezulu wokuqonda of the Code Civil

Kubalulekile ukuphawula, xnj inyathelo thaca kweli nqaku, i-Institute usebenza izinto ezithile kunye nezimo. Nabo ke, zifakiwe ekwakhiweni yenjongosenzi bepropathi enomgangatho ophezulu wokuqonda. Ngenxa yoko, ngokwemigaqo ye-Code Civil, izinto ezinjalo;

• nayiphi na imisebenzi yesayensi, uncwadi okanye imihlaba ubugcisa;
• zolwazi kunye neenkqubo ezizodwa iikhompyutha;
• eziqanjwayo, models ezilijelo phonograms;
• imiyalezo kumabonakude kunye nerediyo;
• iisampuli uhlobo okanye ukukhetha indlela zoshishino;
• amahlebo orhwebo, topologies iziphaluka;
• zokuthengisa, amagama zorhwebo kunye eendawo;
• notation uphawu loshishino.

Kubalulekile ukuphawula ukuba kukho ixesha elide kwi-Civil Code of the Russian yayingekabikho lisebe eyahlukileyo kwemimiselo eyayiza elawula ilungelo bepropathi enomgangatho ophezulu wokuqonda. Njengoko kukhankanyiwe ngasentla, Inqaku 138 yadityaniswa udidi kuphela njengomnye iinjongo zoshishino efanelekileyo. Kuphela ngo-2008, kwakukho inxalenye 4 RF Civil Code, nto leyo limelwe inkqubo nemimiselo elawula ubudlelwane kwicandelo bepropathi enomgangatho ophezulu wokuqonda.

Features Icandelo 4 le-Code Civil

Uthe inguqulelo umthetho lwaqaliswa isigaba umthetho wobukhaya umkhosi lwamaziko amatsha. Umzekelo, ukongeza amalungelo epropathi enomgangatho ophezulu wokuqonda, inxalenye 4 amalungiselelo ezendeleyo lolawulo izivumelwano entsimini bepropathi enomgangatho ophezulu wokuqonda. Civil Code, ngaloo ndlela waba umthombo onzulu, nokulungelelanisa yonke imiba evela kwinqanaba utshilo.

Ephule amalungelo obunini bokuyila nawoshicilelo

Isibakala sokuba nathi siphila kwihlabathi egqibeleleyo, kwenza kube yimfuneko hayi kuphela kummandla wolawulo bepropathi enomgangatho ophezulu wokuqonda kobudlelwane, kodwa ukumisela indlela yokhuseleko kwayo. Kodwa ukuze kwakhiwe ofunekayo wolawulo ukhuseleko kuyimfuneko ukuqalisa ukuhlalutya iintlobo zolwaphulo kunokwenzeka thaca kwinqaku didi. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, kukho Kukwaphula ezimbini, ezizezi:

• Ukusasazwa izinto ezisebenzisa iindlela akhuselwe ngamalungelo abenzi;
• ukuhlukunyezwa copyright.

Oko kukuthi, xa kuthe kwephulwa olu hlobo umntu ukuphumeza amanyathelo okhuseleko olukhethekileyo kunye injongo amandla abo.

Ukukhuselwa Intellectual Property of the Code Civil

Ukhuseleko thaca kwinqaku kweli ziko yenye wemisebenzi engundoqo karhulumente. Ngapha koko, oku kuchaphazela ngqo isakhono ngabanye kwindalo kunye nokusetyenziswa kweziphumo zemisebenzi yabo yengqondo. Ngoko ke, kukho uluhlu lwezixhobo ezikuvumela ukukhusela amalungelo epropathi enomgangatho ophezulu wokuqonda. Of the Code Civil umisela iindlela zilandelayo, umzekelo:

• nokupheliswa ngenkani-mthetho;
• kwakhona umonakalo ukusuka nomoni;
• ekuthatheni zempahla;
• ukutshatyalaliswa zempahla;
• ngokuxhobisa amalungelo epropathi enomgangatho ophezulu wokuqonda indlela individualization.

Amaziko ejongene nemiba epropathi enomgangatho ophezulu wokuqonda

Eli ziko wathi njengoko sele sibonile, inzima kakhulu. Ngoko ke, izazinzulu ezininzi ukudala umsebenzi apho sifunda ipropathi enomgangatho ophezulu wokuqonda. Inqaku le-Civil Code, ngaphambilana, formalizes amaziko kuphela iimpawu eziyimfuneko ezisisiseko. Yena, ke, inxaxheba kumaziko ezizodwa, afana Federal Institute of Property Industrial, Russian State Academy of Intellectual Property.

isiphelo

Ngoko ke, siye sazama ukuba siqwalasele iimpawu elo ziko, ezifana epropathi enomgangatho ophezulu wokuqonda. Of the Code kuLuntu iseka iimpawu zayo eziphambili kunye iindlela ezisisiseko, kwaye iqulathe imiqathango ukuqinisekisa ukhuseleko lwayo. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba ipropati yengqondo lidlala indima ebalulekileyo namhlanje, ngoko ke uphuhliso kulo mba kokubini kwinqanaba le-mthetho kwaye inqanaba lwezenzululwazi a kuyimfuneko.