Ityhefu - it ... Ingcaciso, Ukuhlelwa, oonobangela, unyango, iziphumo

Xa tapeworm iityhefu kukho ulwaphulo-mthetho umsebenzi amalungu ayo, nto leyo inokukhokelela nemiphumela emibi. Ityhefu - ukuhlukunyezwa imisebenzi ebalulekileyo umzimba ngenxa ukunxibelelana izinto eziyityhefu. Ngelo xesha kukho isoyikiso empilweni uze ubomi. Ityhefu - kwisehlo rhoqo kubomi banamhlanje. Yaye usoloko abanalo ithuba ukufumana ngokukhawuleza ukuya kwagqirha. Ngoko ke, kubalulekile ukwazi iimpawu ityiwe imigaqo uncedo lokuqala.

Izizathu yokwanda yityhefu

Le ngxaki iye khona ngamaxesha onke: umuntu amakhowa ngempazamo ityhefu okanye carbon monoxide, kwaye umsebenzi - kwimveliso kwemichiza enobungozi. Namhlanje, Noko chemistry ngokwayo ngokuqinileyo kubomi bemihla ngemihla, kunye namathuba okuba ngenene yityhefu liye landa amaxesha amaninzi kunye nenani kweekhemikhali ndyangu. Ukusetyenziswa kwemichiza kubomi bemihla ngemihla iye exhaphake kakhulu kangangokuba abantu musa nokuba bacinge malunga ngeengozi zezi iisepha, amalungiselelo ukhuseleko imichiza izityalo okanye izinambuzane sinambuzane. Ngamanye amaxesha ezi izinto zigcinwa endlwini kwiindawo efikeleleka lula abantwana. Abanye babo ngoku ayengenalo nevumba, ezifana dichlorvos, esetyenziswa njengeyeza ukuba iimpukane.

Ingozi efanayo ukusetyenziswa engalawulwanga elahliweyo kwaye amalungiselelo zonyango. Kunzima ukuba ukukhangela kuluhlu olubanzi lwamachiza ekhoyo ngoku, yaye ngamnye kubo neziphumo zalo, leyo ixhomekeke kakhulu kwi ngamnye. Amayeza kufuneka amisele ugqirha abaqeqeshiweyo emva uxilongo echanekileyo, eyileyo ayisoloko kwenzeka ngokwenyani.

systematics ityhefu

Standard Classification Ityhefu akukho efunyenweyo ngenxa ezahlukeneyo izinto eziyityhefu, imvelaphi yabo kunye nokwakhiwa kwemichiza, inkqubo ingeniso umzimba kunye indlela yokusebenza, ubungozi njalo njalo. Iimpawu Utyeshelo kwakhona kuxhomekeka kuhlobo yoluvo, kodwa kukho iimpawu ezifanayo, apho unako ukubeka isenzeko kunxilwe, - isicaphucaphu, urhudo, ukugabha, kunye namaqondo obushushu kunye nabanye. Xa indlela umzimba Efikayo avelele:

• imuncwe - Ityhefu unikezelo ngexesha ukuphefumla;
• ngomlomo, ukuba izinto eziyityhefu ngomlomo baba;
• percutaneous, ubuthi yokwamkelwa kwabafundi ngokusebenzisa pores ngesikhumba okanye amanxeba;
• ngenaliti.

Ngu Ubunjani bempembelelo ityhefu emzimbeni zezi:

• Ityhefu etsolo, obubonakala ngokuba yincwadi evuliweyo impendulo ngokukhawuleza komzimba kunye buthi amanyathelo eyodwa;
• subacute ubuthi kunye neempawu ngaphantsi kakhulu yaye zenzeka nobuninzi ukunxibelelana kwezinto olonakalisayo;
• hyperacute, ngenxa yabo ukufa kwixhoba;
• Ityhefu chronic kwenzeka ngelixa ngcembe ityhefa kumzimba ifika ngeedosi ezincinane kwaye babe mpawu kuthiwa ngokwaneleyo.

Ngokutsho iintlobo izinto eziyityhefu Ityhefu kwahlulwa ibe ngamaqela eziliqela.

Ukonakaliswa ne carbon monoxide negesi angena

Carbon monoxide kuthiwa carbon monoxide - igesi into enemibala kwaye ayinavumba, nto leyo ebonisa ingozi yayo kakhulu - umntu akafuni azive yityhefu igesi, ngoxa ngoko nangoko uqale umsebenzi yayo ebulalayo. Carbon monoxide sibophelela ioksijini eninzi ngokukhawuleza kakhulu ngehemoglobin ukwenza carboxyhemoglobin, uvimba ioksijini ukuya iiseli. Ngokuzibophelela kwi iproteni kwemisipha kwentliziyo, carbon monoxide abangaphangeliyo umsebenzi intliziyo kunye nenxaxheba yayo kwiinkqubo oxidative emzimbeni kukwaphulwa eseleyo ezinto eziphilayo.

Ekhulisa igesi ngumxube igesi eziquka ikakhulu yeehidrojeni methane admixture ne carbon monoxide ukuya kwi 8-14%. It senziwa kwimveliso ye-oyile okanye namalahle processing. Ekhulisa igesi ngaphambi kokuqala igumbi yetotshi kwinkulungwane yokugqibela. Ithi isetyenziswe, zibe kukudla. Imithombo izinto eziyityhefu leyo carbon monoxide, kungaba:

• imililo amakhulu;
• imveliso, apho carbon monoxide bangathatha inxaxheba Yindibanisela izinto ezininzi eziphilayo;
• iigesi exhaust koohola;
• iindawo gasified moya kakuhle;
• zasekhaya, izitovu ibhafu kunye maziko kunye kwiikholam ezivaliweyo.

Ityhefu igesi ngokukhawuleza lenze yintloko ebuhlungu. Ityhefu ezimandundu kunokuphumela ekufeni. Njengoko PMP ukuba ityhefu kufuneka ngokukhawuleza wazise umntu umoya ubize yezigulana kunye, xa kukho imfuneko, ukuba benze nokuphefumla ngumntu.

ityhefu ukudla

Ezi ziquka iqela zizifo luphawulwa iimpawu ezifanayo:

• isiqalo ngesiquphe kunye nokoyika sifo;
• ubudlelwane phakathi kokuvela sifo kunye nokusetyenziswa imveliso ethile;
• akukho zimpawu uphawu zosulelo;
• nophuhliso sifo ngexesha elinye iqela labantu;
• ixesha elincinane ixesha lokuphumla sifo.

Ngenxa yoko, ityhefu ukutya - nto ayisoloko sisifo etsolo esosulelayo esibangelwa imveliso equlathe into ityhefu. Ityhefu ukutya imvelaphi ziye zohlulwa ngokwendidi ezintathu:

• kuvela amagciwane e ukusetyenziswa iimveliso eziqulathe Cya okanye ityhefu zabo;
• non-amagciwane okubangelwa izityalo okanye izilwanyana, enetyhefu ngokwendalo, okanye kwezinye iimeko;
• ityhefu ukutya uhlobo ezingaziwayo.

Iimpawu imvelaphi, kungakhathaliseki uhlobo le tyhefu kuvela Ukugodola, ubuthathaka, ukugabha, ifiva, urhudo.

Amanyathelo pfunaka ityhefu ukutya

Indlela emi ngayo unyango ityhefu ukutya kuxhomekeke njani ngoxilongo ngokukhawuleza kwaye ngokuchanekileyo kwaye amanyathelo okuqala athathwa. Amaninzi ukuba baphathwe ekhaya. Imiqondiso yokuqala yokuba ukugula kufuneka isisu ezitum. Ukuba ubuthi omdala, kufuneka asele malunga ezimbini iilitha isisombululo yaze yangxenga ifuthe lomanyano potassium permanganate okanye isisombululo yesoda yokubhaka ukuze ukugabha kwakunye nesisu ahlambuluke. Kuba Ukunciphisa ixesha ukuba wendele esiswini eludongeni ityhefu isigulane kufuneka anike carbon yasebenza. Urhudo kukho umngcipheko emzimbeni, ngoko ke kufuneka ukuba usele amanzi. Ukuba lobushushu Ongathanga awe phantsi, yaye sorhudo kunye nokugabha kuqhubeka, kufuneka uthathe umguli kwagqirha.

Libhekisela ityhefu ukutya kunye yesi sifo, nto leyo ebangela umonakalo kwinkqubo luvo. Uphawu lokuqala - ubuthathaka jikelele kunye nesiyezi, kwakunye ukuqunjelwa, urhudo, nangona kungekho lobushushu eqhelekileyo. Ukuba ngokukhawuleza ukunika uncedo, isifo uya inkqubela ngokukhawuleza kwaye kwiintsuku ezimbalwa kunokukhokelela ekufeni. First Aid (PMP) xa ityhefu iyafana nje nayiphi na ityhefu ukutya. Noko ke, isigulane kufuneka ufake serum ekhethekileyo nxamnye yesi sifo, ngoko ke kufuneka ngoko nangoko asiwe esibhedlele.

ubuthi ngu zinambuzane

Namhlanje ke iindlela kakhulu ngokubanzi ukhula wokulawula, izinambuzane, iimpuku, ezisetyenziswa kwezolimo, yaye kubomi bemihla ngemihla. Ezi zinto zihamba kunye nemiyalelo ukusetyenziswa, nto leyo ichaza imithetho yokugcina kunye nokusetyenziswa. Noko ke, waphula yenkqubo imithetho, ngokubonakala yokungakhathali xa usebenza nabo ngamathuba athile kukhokelela eziyityhefu kakhulu zombini emsebenzini, nasemakhaya, apho zinambuzane ezinobungozi badla zigcinwa endlwini ngaphandle sizixhalabise amathuba neziphumo ezimaxongo.

Zinambuzane organic chlorine, phosphorus, imetyhuri, iikhompawundi ngobhedu okanye izithako of carbamic acid. Ezi zinto zinobungozi kuchaphazela amalungu zangaphakathi ezahlukeneyo iindlela, kodwa, kuyo nayiphi na imeko, imiphumo iya kuba nzima kunene. Ityhefu Chemical unika le miqondiso kwangethuba njengoko ukubila, ukuvuza izinkcwe kakhulu, iveze. Banako ndiye unditsho, ukugabha. Ixhoba kufuneka kubona kwangoko nogqirha, naphambi loo ukunikezela amanyathelo kuqala zoncedo. Ukuba yityhefu ukhwela esikhumbeni sakho, uhlambe indawo ngamanzi. Emva ukuqhagamshelana ityhefu ngaphakathi emzimbeni kufuneka ukwenza lavage esiswini (kunye nemigqaliselo yokuba umntu lisezingqondweni na). Amathumbu ukuze mayicocwe enemas. A ityhefu ukunqanda ukufakwa kwi umzimba kufuneka bunikwe sorbents ezichaphazelekayo - carbon iyasebenza yaye eziphathekayo inwenwa, umz, "Almagel" engekho layo - istatshi.

Eminye Nokwethisa amanyathelo ityhefu kufuneka zithathwe sele esibhedlele, njengoko ixhoba kuyimfuneko ukungena ebubuvuvu, ukhetho apho kuxhomekeke kuhlobo arhente chemical. Chemical Ityhefu - into eyingozi kakhulu, ngoko xa usebenza zinambuzane akufuneki silibale ngayo imigaqo yokhuseleko kunye nezixhobo zokhuselo.

ubuthi asidi

Ukuba ulusu iyasuleleka, kuyimfuneko ngokukhawuleza ukuba acocekileyo ngamanzi abandayo. Xa tapeworm isilonda asidi kwenzeka isifo somlomo, kwingqula, isisu, kwaye xa kukho ahlekise. Yintoni ludla ngokwenzeka Ukonakaliswa 80 ekhulwini acetic acid ogama iimpawu ilizwi siplost, nokudumba yemiphunga nezengekho dyspnea. Ukongezelela ukutshisa sebenzi into enetyhefu kunye nefuthe enyama yangaphakathi. Kwiimeko kakhulu ngakumbi kuvela ukugabha kunye nangecesina, iintlungu etsolo esiswini, esinokubangela nothuke, kukho umngcipheko ukusilela kwezintso kunye nokufa.

amanyathelo zoncedo lokuqala ukuya ixhoba phambi kokufika ambulensi njengoko lavage esiswini. Ngocoselelo, ngezinto ezincinane ukuze luphe into eselwayo amanzi abandayo, unako kwakhona ukuginya qhwa ngamaqhekeza amancinci, Wamkwelisa esiswini sakhe. Ithoyilethi esiswini na ubisi okanye amanzi kunye abamhlophe iqanda - selitha yobisi nganye ukuba yongezwe iiproteni elinambini. Ezifanelekileyo ukuhlamba amabini ekhulwini magnesia oluludaka, kodwa noko kunjalo akanako ukunika nesisombululo nesoda yokubhaka - phakathi acid kunye nesoda imichiza asabela kwenzeka kunye ukuyilwa iigesi, apho uxinzelelo phezu kodonga eyonakeleyo esiswini Unokude enze ukuba komsipha.

alkalis ubuthi

Xa etheni ngealkali livela unxano ngokugqithiseleyo, ukuvuza izinkcwe kakhulu kunye nokugabha. Ekubeni unamandla enkulu gaze, oko ulitshisileyo ngamandla kwaye nanzulu. Kwiimeko kakhulu, nto inokwenzeka ukopha esiswini okanye ukusilela kwezintso. Xa ammonia Ityhefu kwakhona kwenzeka umonakalo ngokuma kunye nokudumba yoko nezengekho miphungeni. Ukunika uncedo xa kukho ityhefu ngealkali yi lavage esiswini namanzi amaninzi. Olunye uncedo inokuba ngugqirha, ngoko ngokukhawuleza kangangoko kuyimfuneko ukuze bamnikele neyaphukileyo esibhedlele. Xa iimeko umile ikhutshwa phandle esebenzisa ngokuhlamba phenyo ngamanzi okanye ubisi kunye abamhlophe iqanda. Le isisombululo bangabi nayo i kwealkali. Oku kungenziwa wahlamba kunye izisombululo ezibuthathaka citric okanye acetic acid.

ubuthi ziziyobisi

Lamachiza enzelwe ukunyanga isifo kwaye ubuyisele impilo yabantu, ngaba ngokwabo kunokubangela ukunxila kakhulu. Ubuthi kuyenzeka, ukuba umntu ligqithisile ithamo eboniswe ugqirha, okanye amayeza ezahlukeneyo. Amaninzi abantu baqale self-nolawulo iziyobisi, ukuziphatha self-medicate. Kuyenzeka ukuba ichiza unika yokusabela eyomeleleyo nawo.

Kuzo zonke ezi meko zenzeka etsolo ukunxila, ubukhulu kunye neziphumo zazo kuxhomekeke kuhlobo amayeza, imeko impilo nexhoba, kuzo idosi kunye nexesha elaneleyo lokulusebenzisa into emzimbeni. Eyokuqala iimpawu ityiwe ukuba nesiyezi, iintlungu esiswini, ukugabha kunye nomkhuhlane. Emva koko utyatyazo luqale, ukulahlekelwa osezingqondweni, ngoko imeko ixhoba uya kufumana kuphela mbi, kusenokubakho iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga.

Impendulo kumbuzo of ukuba benze ntoni xa tyhefu iziyobisi kuxhomekeke into esebenzayo, okubangele yityhefu, njengoko kufuneka alikaziwa. uncedo Professional inokuba ngugqirha kuphela, ngoko ke, kufuneka ucele nangoko inqwelo yezigulana. Noko ke, amanye amanyathelo yonxunguphalo athathwe phambi kokufika kwayo:

• ukuba yityhefu, kuyimfuneko ukuba isigulane ukusela iiglasi ezimbalwa amanzi ashushu;
• Oku eyenziweyo ukuzama ukumgabhisa umntu;
• ukuba kuyimfuneko, kufuneka uphindaphindwe lavage esiswini;
• emva yokuhlanjululwa kwakho ezo isisu kuyimfuneko ukuba anike ixhoba amacwecwe ezimbalwa wamalahle isebenze;
• kufuneka inikwe ukusela ngokugqithiseleyo achaphazelekayo, kuba nesisombululo amabini ekhulwini nesoda yokubhaka.

Ugqirha kufuneka kuthiwe, kwanokuba kubonakala ukuba yityhefu lula, kuba imeko ixhoba ngesiquphe zimbi kabukhali.

ubuthi alcohol

Ityhefu Utywala - nefuthe yityhefu kwi umzimba ethyl utywala kunye neemveliso zayo nokuwa. Ityhefe nezinye alkoholi - methyl, isopropyl kunye namanye, ezo iityhefu ezinamandla, kodwa kuya kuba ityhefu imichiza. Ethanol ukunxila ibuya ngokwenyusa kancinane eyavela emzimbeni, kwaye ekhaya ukugqiba isidanga sandla na, ke ngoko, ngokuqhelekileyo sikhokelwe zigaba yabantu ukunxila, ezo bathathu.

1. Inqanaba lokuqala luphawulwa ukunxila lula, apho uyondelelwano lwee- utywala ethyl egazini ifikelela ekhulwini ezimbini. Kunjalo, kuba iimpawu kubonakala okuqala utywala kwinkqubo luvo - kukho imincili, abafundi inimba, yaye ufumana bedidekile kancinci.
2. Inqanaba lesibini iqala xa ezimbini ukuya kwezintathu ekhulwini umxholo ethanol ngegazi. Man akusekho uyakwazi ukulawula intetho yakhe kunye nentshukumo, yaye kusasa yena uziva isicaphucaphu, ubuthathaka kunye nezinye iimpawu yityhefu, kuquka ukuphalaza.
3. Isigaba sesithathu - esisinda, xi utywala egazini uba epesenti ngaphezulu ezintathu, nto leyo enokukhokelela ezinetyhefu yingozi. Kule meko, Inokwenzeka ukusilela yokuphefumla, ukuxhuzula, ukuya zokuma. Konke kuxhomekeke kwimali utywala obuselwe kunye zokuzikhusela zomzimba.

Utywala ukunxila - Kuyaziwa kakhulu, kwaye wonke umntu kufuneka azi ukuba benze ntoni xa tyhefu baligalele. Ukuba ngaba urhulumente sandla ngokulinganisela, kuyimfuneko aqhubela ukugabha uze uhlambe ngaphandle esiswini amanzi acocekileyo ngaphandle yemanganizi okanye soda. Emva koko kufuneka uthathe naziphi sorbents - ingaba iipilisi amalahle eziliqela.

Ukonakalisa kakhulu Iindlela zoncedo ziya kwahluka ngokupheleleyo - kuyo nayiphi na imeko, musa ukuzama ukumgabhisa kwixhoba antywiliselwe kuyo, yaye lavage kunokwenzeka esiswini. Kungxamisekile ukuba ubize inqwelo yezigulana, lo gama kufika, ukuba libonelele uncedo kunokwenzeka ukuba isigulane - ndiyibeke phezu ecaleni layo usule umlomo amathe, yencindi, ukuba kuyimfuneko, ukunika nokuphefumla ngumntu. Ezinye izenzo oluyimfuneko inokwenziwa kuphela esibhedlele.

Uninzi yityhefu kungenxa sengqondo ngokungenankathalo iimfuno kugcino okanye ukusetyenziswa kwezinto ezahlukeneyo eziyityhefu okanye ukuthobela imigangatho yococeko ukuba iimveliso zokutya. Ukuthintela ityhefu, oko kuyimfuneko yokuqala yonke imfundo ezempilo kunye nolawulo phezu ukuphunyezwa kwemimiselo zococeko.