Imyuziyam yoBugcisa beTula: idilesi, iqoqo lembali

Idolophu yaseRussia yasendulo yaseTula idume nje kuphela ngenxa yezigubhu zakhe kunye ne-gingerbreads, ezidume lonke ilizwe, kodwa kunye neenkcubeko zobugcisa obude ezivela kwixesha langaphambi kokuguquguquka, ngelixa leminyaka ye-19 lemyuziyam yobugcisa obuhle yasungulwa kwisixeko. Ngenxa yoko, imifanekiso emininzi yePolenov neSuriv, yaziwa ngabantu basezidolophini kungekhona ngokuzaliswa, kodwa yaba yinxalenye yobomi babo bokomoya.

Msebenzi wobuzwe

Ngowe-1884, oko kukuthi, ekulawulweni kukaMlawuli uAlexander III - uqinisekisile iSlavophile kunye nomdla onomdla wendlela yokuqala yaseRashiya yokuphuhlisa - kwinqanaba lolawulo lwe-diocesan yaseTula, i-museum kazwelonke yasungulwa kwisixeko, esibizwa ngokuthi iDrevleshranilishche. Kamva, sele sele sele ngo-1902, eli liSlavic kunye negama elithile lakwa-Archaic latshintshwa yinto ekhoyo yanyanamhlanje, eyibiza ngokuba yiChete ye-Antiquities.

Nangona kunjalo, isiseko saso sahlala sisinye. Njengaphambili, imisebenzi yobugcisa ehambelana nembali yaseRashiya, kwaye ngokukodwa kwixesha elidlulileyo kwiphondo yaseTula, yafunyanwa, yaba yinxenye yecandelo leemyuziyam kunye nokufundiswa ngokucophelela ngongcali zengingqi kunye nabangena eMoscow ngenxa yale njongo. Uninzi lwemiboniso eqokelelwe ngelo xesha yayiyiminikelo evela kubaqokeleli bazimeleyo abafuna ukufaka isandla kwinkalo yokuthanda izwe.

Kuvela kumaphephandaba aloo xesha kuyaziwa ukuba ngeCawa kunye neeholide kuzo zonke iindawo zokufikelela, ukufikelela mahala kwiholo apho apho kuboniswe khona ukuvakaliswa kunye nokuthandwa okungaqhelekanga okuvulekileyo kuye kwavuleka. Kungekudala isakhiwo, esasisiseko, saphela ukuqokelela iqoqo esandisiwe ngeli xesha, kwaye ngo-1908 izikhulu zedolophu zakha isakhiwo esikhethekileyo kuso kwiTula Kremlin .

Ukuchithwa, ukuzaliswa kwemyuziyamu

Iimeko zatshintshwa emva kokukhishwa kwe-Oktobha, xa ukuqokelela kweCandelo leNkqubela yezoTyhulwa lizwe, kwaye yena ngokwakhe waguqulwa waba yiMyuziyam yoBugcisa boBugcisa. Njengoko sisazi, ngokukhawuleza emva kokufika kwamandla, amaBolshevik enza ukuhluthwa okukhulu kwezobugcisa (kunye nazo zonke ezinye) iimilinganiselo ezazingabameli beloluhlu olutyebi bentlalo ngaphambili. Kulo phulo, imisebenzi emininzi yobugcisa esuka kwiindawo ezizityebi zelizwe zongezwe kwi-museum.

Ekubeni amaBolsheviks awazange ahlukanise phakathi kwemisebenzi yabaculi basekhaya nakwamanye amazwe, aze athathe yonke into abanikazi bokuqala abangenakukufihla okanye bathabathe ngaphandle, kungekudala iMusicum yaseTula yoBugcisa, apho iifoto zafika khona, zalahlekelwa yinto yangaphambili, ngokusesikweni. Kwiiholo zakhe kwakubonakala ngathi izikhulu zakwaMaspala aseYurophu zaseYurophu zinjengoLuca Giordano, u-Domenico Fetti, uFrans Snyders nabanye abaninzi.

Ukuguqulwa kweMinyaka yokuqala yeSoviet

Ngowe-1918, ukulungelelanisa yonke imisebenzi eyangena kwiimyuziyam ezivela kwiindawo zasemaphandleni, isebe lezemfundo yoluntu lenze ikhomishina, eyayiquka abaculi abafika baseMoscow nabalwazi-mlando bezobugcisa. Ngenxa yomsebenzi wabo, iikhathalogu zemiboniso kunye neenkcazelo zabo zahlanganiswa. Ukufumana ulwazi olubanzi kunye nayo yonke imisebenzi yobugcisa, ikhomishoni yathatha unyaka, emva koko iindibano zeemyuziyam zivulekele uluntu jikelele.

Ngowe-1927, iMyuziyam yoBugcisa bobuGcisa yabizwa ngokutsha kwiSebe lezembali zengingqi, kuba inxalenye ebalulekileyo yenkcazo yayo yayingumnyango wembali wendawo owenziwe phantsi kwalo. Ngonyaka ngaphambi kokuba i-museum izaliswe ngokuqokelela imidwebo yamanqaku avela kwiholo lemboniso yoBugcisa bezobuGcisa bezobugcisa. Kwakubaluleke kakhulu umsebenzi weengcali zeTula, kodwa kukho imiboniso edluliselwe kwiIgalari yeTryoakov.

Ubomi obungakumbi kwimyuziyam

Ngenxa yezi zinto kunye nezinye iirisithi, inani leemiboniso liye landa kakhulu, kwaye ngo-1939 kwagqitywa ukuba kwenziwe ezimbini iimyuziyam ezizimeleyo-imbali yendawo kunye nobugcisa. Ngaloo ndlela, iMyuziyam yaseTula yoBugcisa bobuGcisa kwakhona yaba yindawo ebonisa ukuzimela.

Kwixesha elizayo, iimyuziyam zasinda kwiimeko ezininzi ezinzima zembali yayo, eyona nto yayiyimfazwe kunye nokufuduka okuhlangeneyo eSiberia. Kwakungekho lula ukubuyela kwintshatyalali kwaye yaqala ukuvuselela iTula. I-museum ayinayo indawo yaloo minyaka, kwaye yafakwa kwiNdlu yamaGosa e-City, apho kwakufuneka ihlale khona phantse iminyaka engamashumi amabini.

Ukutshatyalaliswa kwendlu kunye nokwandiswa kwenkcazo

Ngowe-1964 kuye kwakhiwa isakhiwo kwidilesi: Engels Street, 64. Ukususela ngeli xesha, iqoqo lakhe lizaliswe ngokubanzi ngenxa yokufumana izinto ezivela kwiiqoqo ezizimeleyo eMoscow, eLeningrad naseTula ngokwayo. Kunelungelo lokuthi lalibandakanya imifanekiso yePolenov, iSshishkin, Repin, iBorovikovsky kunye namanye amacwecwe abo amagama abo ayaziwa kuwo wonke umhlaba. Ngenxa yokuzaliswa ngokulandelayo uluhlu lwala magama lwandiswe ngokubanzi.

Phakathi kwabaphathi, imisebenzi yabo yikratshi, iM IK Aivazovsky ithatha indawo ekhethekileyo. Imizobo yoludwebi olusisigxina se-seascapes ludla umdla, kwaye kwiholo apho baboniswa kuyo, ihlala ixhamle.

Umbutho weTula Museums

Ngomnyaka we-1995, yonke imbonakalo eyinkcazo yangena kwinhlangano esanda kuqalwa yombutho weTula Museum of Fine Arts. I-Tula yidolophu yamasiko endala yobugcisa, kwaye umdla wokwenza ubugcisa awuzange uphele kuwo, ngoko ke ubuninzi beemyuziyam kunye neendawo zobugcisa zendalo. Ingxaki yayikufumana kuphela iindlela zokulungelelanisa umsebenzi wazo.

Kule ndlela, ezintlanu zazo zazisombululwa, kubandakanywa nendawo efumaneka kwi: Engels Street, 64 (malunga neliphi ibali lethu lihamba ngayo) - ukudibanisa kunye. Ngenxa yoko, indawo yokubonakalisa indawo eyinkimbinkimbi yayiyimitha engamawaka eekhilomitha ezili-10, eyayivumela kwimimandla yayo, ukongeza kwimiboniso engapheliyo, ukubonakalisa iphinda isebenze ezayo apha kwimali yeemyuziyam ezininzi zelizwe kunye neziqokelelo zangasese.

Imyuziyam yoMmandla ye-museum ebaluleke kakhulu

Ngo-2013, i-museum yafumana igama elitsha. Ukususela ngelo xesha kwaziwa ngokuba yi-Tula Regional Museum Museum. Akuyi kuba ukunyanisela ukuba uthe wangena ngokufanelekileyo uluhlu lwemiboniso enkulu eRussia. Namhlanje, ukuqokelela kwawo kubandakanya imibukiso engaphezu kwama-20 anesithathu, kubandakanya imisebenzi yokudweba, ukudweba, ubugcisa kunye neengcweti kunye nemisebenzi yobugcisa.

Iikhathalogu zemiboniso zemyuziyam zihlotshiswe ngamagama abaculi abaninzi basekhaya abaLevi, i-Korovin, iTropinin ne-Aivazovsky. Imizobo yala ma-artists yiindwendwe eziqhelekileyo zeemiboniso eziququzelelwe yiimyuziyam ezikhokelayo zehlabathi. Ukuxabisa kakhulu kukuqokelela kwepeystri yaseNtshona Yurophu, equka indalo yeentlobo ezibonakalayo zaseItali, eFransi, eNetherlands nakwamanye amazwe amaninzi.

Umsebenzi wezemfundo kumyuziyam

Imisebenzi yolondolozo lwemyuziyam ayinakuphela kumbutho weemiboniso. Abasebenzi bayo baqhuba inzululwazi enkulu kwaye, yintoni ebaluleke kakhulu, umsebenzi wezemfundo. Ngokusekelwe kwimiba edutshulwa kwiiholo zeemyuziyam, iiprogram ezininzi zeemidlalo zazisasazwa kwi-"Culture" isiteshi seTV kunye nabanye abantu banikezela i-airtime inkohlakalo yemfundo yobugcisa yaseRashiya.

Ukongeza, kwii-shelves zeencwadi zokuthengisa iincwadi zelizwe, unokubona ezininzi iimpapasho eziqulethe ukuzaliswa kwemisebenzi yemifanekiso kunye nezobugcisa ezigcinwe kwiimali zeMyuziyamu, kwakunye namanqaku aseburhulumenteni abanobugcisa baseRashiya abazinikele kubo.