Imisebenzi kunye neenjongo wokhuselo yoluntu. wokhuselo Basic civil

Enye yeemfuno zabantu isimo ukhuseleko kunye nozinzo. Kwaye kukho ezininzi izinto, iziganeko nezoyikiso kwihlabathi mihla, ukuvimbela abantu azive ekhuselekile yaye uzinzile.

Yiyo loo nto kulo lonke uluntu oluphucukileyo, kukho imithetho nemimiselo ethile, njengoko apho bonke abemi ubomi. Kummandla ukhuseleko kakhulu umxhelo nomqondo onjalo kunye nenkqubo yemilinganiselo, echazwe kumthetho, nguye inkcazelo wokhuselo yoluntu.

Ngokusekelwe kule, bonke abemi karhulumente kufuneka baqonde ukuba yintoni na iinjongo kunye neenjongo yokhuselo loluntu, yintoni na umongo walo.

Ingcamango nangomoya yokhuselo loluntu

State wokhuselo civil (GO) - yinkqubo eyenzelwe ngokukodwa izenzo kunye namanyathelo, ochazwa nokukhuselwa labemi nobutyebi benkcubeko ilizwe ukusuka asakhulayo ngenxa yokuntlokothiswa zomkhosi okanye iingozi kakhulu yingozi. Kananjalo ke uqeqesho kunye nemfundo yabantu kule ndawo.

Omnye wemisebenzi karhulumente ukuqinisekisa ukhuseleko yabemi. Ukuze wenze oko, amazwe ziye kuthathwa amanyathelo ezahlukeneyo ukugcina kunye neeCSO.

imisebenzi esisiseko yokhuselo loluntu uncedo kwangexesha, ukukhuselwa ukuhlaselwa lutshaba, iintlekele ezenziwe okanye ubunjani bendalo, kunye nezinye iingozi siswele kakhulu.

Iinkokeli yokhuselo mihla yoluntu kwinqanaba jikelele, kukho urhulumente kunye nomongameli. Kwi-Russian Federation, ukongeza kwabasemagunyeni ngasentla, ukhuselo yoluntu nazo ukubandakanyeka namagunya aphezulu kwimimandla eli lizwe kunye noomasipala. Kwimeko nganye apho ibeka iinkokeli yalo.

Iinjongo Iinjongo

Ngaba le misebenzi ilandelayo wokhuselo yoluntu:

• uqeqesho kubahlali zokuhlala yokuziphatha kakuhle ngethuba inyathelo zomkhosi okanye ekwenzekeni ziintlekele zendalo;
• elumkisa abantu kukho ingozi okanye ivela khona;
• ukususwa sabantu, izinto zenkcubeko okanye eziphathekayo kwiindawo ezikhuselekileyo;
• unika abahlali ngezixhobo eziyimfuneko ukuze ukhuseleko lobuqu, amayeza kunye nonyango lwamayeza;
• bangabonwa nokugcina onke amanyathelo ayimfuneko ukuphelisa ityhefu radiation, zeekhemikali okanye indawo izixhobo begazi;
• ukubuyisela ucwangco kwimimandla apho imisebenzi zomkhosi bathwalwa ngaphandle, okanye intlekele yendalo, kuquka nokubuyiselwa Izixhobo zikaWonke, ukubandakanyeka kwabo kule nkqubo;
• iinkqubo yokubulala, izakhiwo sanitizing, zobunjineli;
• ekulweni imililo ezibangelwa imfazwe okanye iintlekele zemvelo;
• umcimbi zonke iintlobo yokugquma;
• isibonelelo esisigxina yokulwa lokulungela ayo yonke imikhosi ekhoyo kunye neendlela kurhulumente;
• yokungcwaba izidumbu zabantu bangamaxhoba emfazwe okanye likaxakeka.

Unga kwakhona ukhethe misebenzi ilandelayo entsimini yokhuselo yoluntu, ekufuneka kuzalisekiswa ngurhulumente:

• wenza oluntsonkothileyo amanyathelo ukomeleza uzinzo lwamaziko lwezoqoqosho igalelo ekuphuculeni ukusebenza GO ngexesha likaxakeka;
• ezizodwa zemfundo, uqeqesho kunye ngokutsha, ukuba kuyimfuneko, ukuzithethelela yoluntu kunye nabalawuli yoluntu;
• Foundation ukwakhiwa kwezakhiwo zokhuselo nokhuseleko loluntu (umzekelo, zokufihla);
• ukulawula nokulungelelanisa imisebenzi yemibutho ababandakanyekayo zentelekelelo, uthintelo kunye nokuncitshiswa kweentlekele zendalo kunye ezenziwe ngumntu;
• ukusekwa nokugcinwa silungele iinkqubo isilumkiso loluntu, iinkqubo yokuchonga iliso lwekhemikhali, radiology kunye nokusingqongileyo begazi;
• Ukufuna ekubandezelweni iziphekepheke, moya, lweenqanawa ezintywilayo kunye neenqanawa;
• uqeqesho Abahlali yokuvelisa oluzimeleyo izixhobo zakho, ubuchule nokusindisa nezixhobo zokubulala abantu abaninzi (inyukliya), ulawulo lwe yokuhlangula kunye likaxakeka imisebenzi.

Ngaloo ndlela, injongo kunye imisebenzi yokhuselo yoluntu abhalwe ngokufanelekileyo kakuhle ngaphandle ngumthetho, kodwa mkhuba bavame kukho ukusilela kwinkqubo. Ngenxa yoko ilizwe uye ilahleko labantu elikhulu, singasathethi ubutyebi omkhulu.

Imithetho elawula wokhuselo yoluntu ye-Russian Federation

Ngesisombululo imisebenzi yokhuselo loluntu, ingqiqo yawo kunye Isiseko Russian Federation kulawulwa yi-Federal uMthetho № 28 "On Civil Defense". UMthetho waphunyezwa ngo-1998, kunye notshintsho kutshanje kuyo kwenziwa ngoDisemba 2013, sele phantsi kobunkokheli yangoku lizwe.

Lo mthetho umisela ingqikelelo yokhuselo loluntu, imisebenzi ephambili kunye neempawu. Kwaye sichaza kwisakhono amagunya karhulumente kunye namalungelo, uxanduva, imisebenzi abemi kwindawo GO.

Ngaphandle kokuba uMthetho esisiseko yoMkhosi, lo mthetho imisela ezithile ngomahluko GO kwezinye izinto zomthetho kunye nemigaqo karhulumente. Kulo mzekelo, zonke uMthetho Federal ezinxulumene GO, musa iyaphikisana siseko kunye Code Civil.

inkqubo

Emva kokuba kuchaziwe ngokwemigaqo ngokubanzi yintoni na wokhuselo yoluntu, ingqiqo kunye neenjongo zayo ngokubanzi, yiya kwi olunzulu ngokutsha GO kwi Russian Federation. Ekubeni inkqubo yakhe.

Inkqubo Ngenani ibandakanya:

• zokulawula kunye Protection Civil;
• emali kunye eziphathekayo (ukutya, amayeza, iyeza) imali kunye noovimba;
• zokulawula, isilumkiso kunye nonxibelelwano, kuyimfuneko kuthe ingozi;
• ezinye iindlela kunye namandla afunekayo ukuze kwenziwe imisebenzi wokhuselo yoluntu.

wokhuselo Civil yakha ubume yayo, hayi nje kuphela ngenxa umgaqo indawo, kodwa kwakhona ukusuka kwimveliso. eyona elementi yaso iqumrhu kwezoqoqosho. Umzekelo, i-mveliso, iyunivesithi, njalo-njalo. D.

Ngoko ke, lo msebenzi osemqoka lwengingqi ukuyilwa yokhuselo aseburhulumenteni ukwenza njalo kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo, ezahlukeneyo iingingqi, imimandla, imimandla, imizi nemizana of Russia, kwizahlulo zolawulo lizwe.

Ukwenza imveliso mgaqo mnye ukuba balungelelanise ukuziphendulela kumntu amasebe, zabaphathiswa, amashishini kunye izinto zamaxabiso ahlukeneyo.

Ukususela ulwazi analamkela kucaca, nto leyo a ukhuselo loluntu. Isakhiwo kunye nemisebenzi kuyo eduze. Ekubeni GO link nganye yenza inani lwemisebenzi kuwa linobuchule, idatha yenkqubo kunye benza indlela enamandla nesebenzayo.

wokhuselo Civil unako ukwenza imisebenzi enzima nohlobo ehlabathini lonke intsebenziswano enkulu amasebe awohlukeneyo karhulumente kuwo onke amanqanaba, kwakunye nabaqeshi aliliso zemibutho eyahlukeneyo kunye nosomashishini. Kubalulekile ke ngoko ukuba siqwalasele indlela kuzo zonke iinxalenye wokhuselo yoluntu ka ngokwahlukileyo nganye, kwaye ubuhlobo babo inkqubo nasekufezekiseni iinjongo.

GO amandla

Kwisahluko yesihlanu woMthetho Federal "Kwi Civil Defense" imikhosi yokhuselo Civil ayinakutshintshwa. Ezi ziquka zolwakhiwo zomkhosi ezibalulekileyo, umlilo kunye likaxakeka neenkonzo yase kanye iiyunithi ezingekho semgangathweni, eziqulathe ngaphandle imisebenzi ephambili ye-Civil lezoKhuselo.

Inkqubo ye semkhosini Russian Federation busisigxina ngumthetho, kunye nokubandakanyeka kwabo ubudlova, ukuthintela okanye ukunciphisa imiphumo kwiimeko zongxamiseko ogqitywe nguMongameli we-Russian Federation. ukwakheka ezingahambi of efanayo ukubandakanyeka kwinkqubo ngokwesicwangciso yokhuselo loluntu, ngokomyalelo legosa, ngubani na yintloko Civil wezoKhuselo kummandla apho kufuneka khona.

Kwakhona FZ lubonise neziseko umsebenzi kwiiyunithi zemfundo eneemfuno ezizodwa kwaye igunya elilawulayo, nto leyo egunyazisiweyo ukusombulula ingxaki le Russian Federation of Civil Defense. ezizezi:

• izixhobo ezikhethekileyo kunye nezixhobo (umpu nengqele) afumaneka imibutho karhulumente ngezikhali kule ndawo.
• iiyunithi zokuhlangula Military banikwa isiqinisekiso okhethekileyo, isampulu ethile, qinisekisa isimo sabo. Kwakunye zomkhosi iimpawu ngamazwe ezibonisa ukuba kuba imikhosi yokhuselo loluntu.
• uncedo lwezentlalo, imali kunye nomsebenzi ikhutshwa phandle imikhosi iliso imithetho Russian Federation. Ngaloo mali eyabelwe kumanqanaba ahlukeneyo (federal, lommandla kunye noorhulumente beengingqi), ngokuxhomekeke kuyo ukubunjwa ngemali.

Ngexesha lemfazwe, imikhosi exhobileyo Russian ziqala ukusebenza ukususela isibhengezo nomthetho wemitshato nguMongameli, kwaye loxolo, xa kuthe zezifo, iingozi, uhlobo eyenziwe ngumntu, iintlekele okanye iintlekele, iintlekele zemvelo.

ubunkokeli

GO Guide to eRashiya ngokungqinelana nomthetho lwenziwa nguRhulumente. nkqubo kaRhulumente kwindawo enye ubamba umzimba federal igunya lesigqeba ngenxa yamagunya anikwe yona nguMongameli. Kwinqanaba karhulumente kunye kamasipala amaqumrhu ngukumkani wokhuselo civil exercise abaziintloko amaqumrhu olawulo kunye noomasipala ngokwahlukahlukeneyo. Chiefs .Asikwazi ngokupheleleyo kwaye anoxanduva ukuququzelela kunye zokwenza imisebenzi lokukhusela uluntu.

Ukuze ngexesha, kwintsimi efanelekileyo, kwaye siye sadibana ngokupheleleyo iinjongo kummandla wokhuseleko yamakhaya, kwi-Russian Federation zilandelayo ngumthetho abasemagunyeni ukhuseleko yoluntu yeBhodi:

1. Le esilawulayo entsimini onentsingiselo emkhosini federal.

Eli gunya inika ulawulo olufanelekileyo zonke imizimba-kwinqanaba elisezantsi kunye nemibutho. Kuye mvume ezizodwa, imisebenzi zolawulo esomphathi, ukuze kubonelelwa neenjongo kunye nemisebenzi ye-Civil lezoKhuselo.

2. amabhunga olawulo Local kwamandla emkhosini.

Oku amaziko zommandla lokuphelisa lweziqhamo eentlekele zendalo, lokusiza ngexesha likaxakeka ngokubanzi egunyazisiweyo ukuba asombulule naziphi na ukuziphendulela nolwembambano kummandla iqumrhu enye okanye kumasipala. imizimba enjalo ezaziqhutywa servicemen leeyunithi zomkhosi yegunya federal, kwakunye namagosa aphezulu ukwakhiwa inkonzo yomlilo federal kunye nabasebenzi ezithwala.

Iinkokeli zemizimba indawo aya kuqeshwa ndabandulula ngokomlomo umzimba federal esilawulayo. Yokukhululwa kwabo ofisi njengoMongameli uya kuba nelungelo.

3. amaqela lokwakheka ngamandla federal esigqeba indalo.

4. nokwahlulwa imibutho (abasebenzi).

Amagunya nguMongameli kunye noRhulumente Russian Federation entsimini Civil

Ngaphandle kwento yokuba FZ-28 lichaza injongo kunye imisebenzi zokhuselo yoluntu, uchaza ingqiqo yayo kunye neempawu, kukwayinto entle isahluko eyahlukileyo umisela kwisakhono amagunya karhulumente kule nkalo.

Ngoko ke, xa sijonga isahluko sesibini lwezobuGcisa. 5 yathi uMongameli ogunyaziselwe:

• ukumisela isiseko nkqubo eqhelekileyo kummandla wokhuselo loluntu;
• ivume kwaye okumisa GO Plan njengoko wonke ummandla Russian Federation kwaye kwizifundo ngabanye;
• Inombolo yebango, ukwakhiwa, isakhiwo yohlangulo iiyunithi zomkhosi, indawo umbutho kunye notshintsho.

Ngokuhambelana ne Art. 6 I-Government of the Russian Federation ukuba sele yenziwe imisebenzi yokhuselo loluntu, banelungelo kunye umsebenzi ku:

• ukuqinisekisa ukuphunyezwa kwe-nkqubo ohlangeneyo entsimini zokhuselo;
• yihlo ukuziphatha lulonke mathuba zeziko kunye nabammeli yoluntu;
• velisa iintlobo imithetho nemimiselo endle zokhuselo ukulungiselela uphuhliso uMthetho Federal;
• ukumisela umyalelo reference ummandla kumaqela nokhuseleko loluntu;
• ukuseka inkqubo ukuba baphume abantu, izinto kunye neenqobo ezenkcubeko ummandla eyingozi;
• ukuseka imithetho lokuqeqesha abemi kummandla wokhuselo lowo;
• ukumisela umyalelo nokudalwa okhuseleko ezinophahla, kwakunye ukugcinwa, ukusetyenziswa kunye nokugcinwa ezahlukeneyo izixhobo zokhuselo, ukutya kunye namayeza.

Amagunya abasemagunyeni kummandla Civil

Ngokuhambelana ne Art. izidumbu 7 kwamandla isigqeba isigaba GO futhi kufanele:

• amkele imithetho kule ndawo, ukuba akhe ayiqwalasele ingcaciso kuzo, imibutho abanobuchule iliso lawo kunye nokuphunyezwa;
• ukuphuhlisa isicwangciso yokhuselo loluntu, ngeli ngokulungelelanisa kunye norhulumente federal;
• ukwenza imisebenzi kunye neenkqubo zokhuselo civil ukudala amandla eziyimfuneko kunye nendlela yokuzikhusela;
• afeze oluntsonkothileyo imiqathango ngolondolozo izinto, kubalulekile ukuba nokusebenza uqoqosho kunye nokulondolozwa ubomi;
• ukudala ugcine umkhondo amandla ngokupheleleyo ulawulo lobugcisa units zokhuselo civil, kwakunye kuba neenkqubo alumkise uluntu;
• ukudala kunye nokujonga oovimba ukhuseleko amalungiselelo, amayeza kunye nezinye izixhobo eziyimfuneko.

Civil neeCSO

Ukuze kukhuselwe ngokuchasene iingozi, ukongeza arhente zikarhulumente, kukho kwakhona ukuyilwa GO kwinqanaba lweshishini elo. Xa CSOs civil olunjalo ukungena bonke abemi abadala, abo ayifikelelekanga yobudala yomhlala-phantsi, ngaphandle kumabhinqa akhulelweyo, abantu abakhubazekileyo, oomama babantwana abasebancinane (abangaphantsi kweminyaka 8) kunye nezinye iindidi abemi.

FL-28 Aphinde abonise ingxaki kwemibutho zokhuselo civil iliso kunye namandla awo. ezizezi:

• ucwangciso kunye intlangano imisebenzi on wokhuselo lowo;
• ukuphunyezwa lokuqeqesha abasebenzi bayo kummandla wokhuselo lowo;
• ukudala ukugcina inventri zabo kwezibonelelo ngexesha lentlekele, amayeza, amalungiselelo.

Umbutho we-1 kunye we2 ezinye iklasi 3 ingozi (radiology imveliso okanye iingozi zenyukliya, yamanzi) kufuneka ukuba ukudala kwaye sibeke rhoqo ukulungela ukuhlangulwa Ukwakheka engaqhelekanga. A 1 kunye neeklasi 2 ingozi kodwa kunye neenkqubo zasekuhlaleni yonxibelelwano ingozi.

Ezinye iinkalo Russian Federation of Civil Defense

Unako kwakhona ukongeza ukuba yonke imisebenzi Russian wokhuselo yoluntu, kuxhomekeka kokusingqongileyo lwangaphakathi nolwangaphandle lulonke, kwenziwa ngeendlela ezininzi:

1. Imisebenzi yemihla ngemihla - yokusebenza loxolo, iinjongo kunye neenjongo, xa kungekho eentlekele zendalo okanye ezenziwe ngabantu.
2. Eyandayo - izenzo kunye esongela yemfazwe, ukuvuthuluka imeko kwemichiza, imitha, umlinganiswa seismic okanye yoshishino.
3. Imo yonxunguphalo - isibhengezo yemfazwe, nomthetho wemitshato, kufezwe kanye le ntlekele yengozi.

A amagama ambalwa malunga bathungelane njani ngokubanzi kwaye utshintshe wokhuselo yoluntu. imisebenzi GO asoloko kwenziwa kwaye Bajike, ngokuxhomekeke kuhlobo ingozi esengozini ilizwe yothuba elithile.

Umzekelo, kwi-30 kwinkulungwane yama-20 wadala inkqubo yokhuselo ubaluleke yasekuhlaleni. Oku ngokunxulumene ukuvela mandundu iziqhushumbisi ngelo xesha yi umhlaseli (nabananisi German). Nale nkqubo baye bangabi Ziyaqhubeka Ukuba kwisininzi, umlilo kucinywa linani elikhulu kunye nohlobo neengozi mveliso kuyathintelwa.

Ngenkulungwane ye-20 kwakukho isisongelo izixhobo zenyukliya, ngoko ngeli xesha, eli lizwe yokunukunzwa yayo yenyukliya ukuze bazikhusele. Liqhuba uqeqesho so indlela zabemi kunye nezenzo kuyimfuneko ukukhusela ngokuchasene ibhombu yenyukliya.

Namhlanje le uburhulumente ebangela ukuba abagrogrisi lemigulukudu-namabandla. Kananjalo intlekele enkulu (umlilo, onogumbe). Ngako oko, yonke imikhosi karhulumente kunye nesizwe zisetwe ukuba nzima nabo. Ukuze ezi njongo kwi Russian Federation ukususela ngoJanuwari 1994 kukho Ministry of Iimeko zikaxakeka.

isiphelo

Siye sahlolisisa ngaphezu elithi "ukhuseleko yoluntu" and definition yayo ingxaki kwihlabathi lanamhlanje. Ngokusekelwe kule kwingcaciso efunyenwe kuPhando, sinokugqiba ukuba eRashiya namhlanje kukho sikhokelo esemthethweni ngempumelelo kakhulu kwinkalo GO. Noko ke, ukususela kunyaka nonyaka kwenzeka iimeko ezahlukeneyo apho kucacile ukuba iingxaki kule ndawo nangoku kakhulu kunene. Ngenxa unharmonized, yokungakhathali kunye connivance kwamagosa aphezulu kunye namalungu abaphethe ilizwe ubunzima ilahleko enkulu kunye nokulahlekelwa ubomi ezininzi abemi balo.

Kule meko, kubalulekile ukuba ukhanyise iintsingiselo eziphambili kuphuhliso yokhuselo loluntu:

1. State phambili inkxaso-mali kunye nokusetyenziswa imisebenzi esiza.
2. Ugxininiso ngurhulumente kwi uqeqesho ngokwenkqubo iziseko zokhuseleko njenge amaqela abazisebenzelayo kunye namaziko zokhuselo yoluntu, kwakunye nenani labantu kwilizwe elula ngayo.
3. nezohlwayo Ukwanda ukuze yokusebenza engafanelekanga kwemisebenzi ngamagosa kummandla wokhuselo yoluntu.