Iiklasi ingozi yomlilo ehlathini. Order of the Federal Forestry Agency ngoJulayi 5, 2011 N 287 "Xa imvume ingozi yomlilo ukuhlelwa amahlathi zendalo"

Imililo zisenzeka emahlathini, uvelisa kuba yintlekele embi. Umlilo ehlathini wabulala imithi emininzi nyaka ngamnye ubunzima evela izinambuzane, iintaka, namarhamncwa. Burn nemizana yonke kunye emaphandleni iidolophu. Kudla kukho amatyala yokuphulukana nobomi. Singasathethi intlekele yendalo. Ngapha koko, amahlathi ezi "emiphungeni" iplanethi yethu.

Wedobo eziba phezulu ngokukhawuleza kakhulu, ziqatywe ngesantya esiphezulu bathole epheleleyo okanye kwinxenye ukutshatyalaliswa kwemimandla enkulu yehlathi. Kwakukho iimeko xa imililo eRashiya kwalutyhutyha kummandla China kunye Mongolia. Control element kunzima kakhulu, ngoko, iqela arhente ukuba bekwi kwisifundo kwaye esweni imililo yehlathi. Kwakhona kulawulwa icima, kwaye uhlobo kwezityalo yehlathi kwingingqi esikalini.

Kutheni kukho imililo yamahlathi?

Ngamanye amaxesha, imililo zenzeka ngenxa nemeko yomntu: ulele ehlathini yaphosa umhlana umdiza engceni okanye andilibalanga acime ngokupheleleyo ngomlilo. ibhotile yeglasi Nokuba ushiywe bangasebenza kwi kwelanga ngathi lens, kwanokubuyisela ingca eyomileyo kunokubangela umlilo ihlathi. Ngokuba ukuvunwa abasebenzi kubalulekile ukuthobela imimiselo yokhuseleko emlilweni, njengoko zisetyenziswa yi amafutha kunye zokuthambisa ukuba noomatshini.

In emasimini emva kokuvuna ibutyani, nto leyo edla itshiswe. Xa umoya onamandla umlilo ingahlakazeki kwihlathi akhiwe zaziza kutshintsha. Maxa wambi abahlali kwiilali ezikufuphi ungatshisa inkunkuma kwindawo apho amadobo afanayo zibekwe phantsi komhlaba. Kwakhona, kukho ukutshisa ngabom abarhwebi ehlathini, owathi kamva sithembele amazwi akhe.

Kukho inani zendalo oonobangela imililo yehlathi. Xa ixesha lonyaka elomileyo ezishushu ilanga alumeke ukoma okanye zenzeka umlilo okhawulezileyo of amadobo afanayo. Ngexesha isivunguvungu ukusuka umbane zikhanyise imithi. Ngomhla umlilo kuzo akhawunti malunga-8% kuzo zonke iintlekele yendalo asakhasayo.

Iindlela uzingela nemililo

Enye yezona ndlela isebenzayo esweni umlilo ehlathini igqalwa ucupho satellite evela emajukujukwini, zifotwe kwindawo ekukhanyeni infrared. Abonakalisa intsimi olomeleleyo amaqondo obushushu aphezulu, nto leyo zichake amanyathelo bommandla umlilo. lweenkcukacha lwenziwa ngokusebenzisa izixhobo ezintsonkothileyo elektroniki. Kwakhona, i-satellite unako ukufumana iinkcukacha ezongezelelweyo malunga iimeko zemozulu kulo mmandla uphononongwayo, amandla kunye necala oya ngakulo umoya. Idatha iyahlaziywa amaxesha-4 ngemini.

Maxa wambi idilesi yenkonzo ukuba uncedo koogxa American okanye abanini-Hewana zabucala. bethathwa kanye, kodwa, kakade, ezibizayo. Kwakhona abasoloko zichazwe kakuhle izowuni komlilo, njengoko isangqa nezisekelwe of ubukhulu enkulu. Ukuchaneka ubhaqo kuthintela ummandla smokiness enkulu. Ukuze Ukuphawula ngokufanelekileyo indawo lomlilo ukugqiba udidi lomlilo, kufuneka ukudibanisa ezinye iindlela.

Njengendlela eyongezelelweyo apho ulwazi ukubizwa yokucupha wehlathi sothutho emoyeni. Ngoku kukho drones kwakhona asebenzise umoya ukwenza indawo ividiyo. Kwakhona emahlathini kwasekwa izithuba mkhanya. Le nqaba, bemi kumgama kwiikhilomitha ezimbalwa ukusuka komnye.

Kubo, ukongeza ukuze sifumane ababukeleyo, iikhamera zevidiyo ezifakwe kunye neendlela zonxibelelwano. Kodwa apha kukho iingxaki abasebenzi, njengoko inani foresters kunqunyulwa, kunye nabantu ezisele nje emzimbeni ixesha ukuqokelela ulwazi olwaneleyo. Kwaye ke khamera ibhekiswe kwicala elinye kuphela, kwaye ayisoloko bafezekise izinto endandilindele ukuba. Kwakhona phantsi koqwalaselo usebenzisa iinqaba zeselula, leyo kulinika ikhamera kwaye utsale abenzi, ukubonisa ukunyuka kwamaqondo obushushu emoyeni, imagers thermal.

elihlabayo

IMbasa ye-Federal Forestry Agency ngoJulayi 5, 2011 "Xa imvume ukuhlelwa yehlathi zendalo ingozi yomlilo kunye nokwahlulwa ingozi umlilo ehlathini, ngokuxhomekeke kwiimeko zemozulu" unikwa inkcazelo ngqo iqondo ingozi yomlilo emahlathini, nto leyo eye ezintlanu kuphela. Ngokuxhomekeka kuhlobo yamahlathi, iintlobo kunye nomgangatho zemithi, ubukho kwabafileyo iinkuni kunye umgquba amadobo, ukukhula oselula nobuninzi, kowakha itafile, kunokwenziwa isigqibo kuwo kuyo, ziziphi iinkalo sinokulindela umlilo, yaye yintoni amandla olulwayo lwadamba amadangatye.

Eli banga liphezulu babelwa ngezithandelo zinkuni nezithombo pine. Apha kwixesha umlilo usoloko kulindeleke njenge utyani-iingcambu, kunye nemililo nesithsaba enzima nelula. Imicu otyalwe ngamahlathi pine, brusnichnikovymi, imithi nompleyini kunye namahlathi larch banikwa 2 iklasi umlinganiselo umlilo ehlathini. Kwiindawo ezinjalo iseason amathuba aphezulu isahlakalo imililo emhlabeni, oko kukuthi ukusuka 0.5 ukuya 1.5 m. Phambi emantloko umlilo liphuma kunqabile kakhulu, yaye emva koko kuphela kwimeko edangatyeni ubuninzi phantsi imbalela kunye ebhudla ngamandla imimoya kakhulu.

Kwezi iindidi ingozi yomlilo emahlathini akhawunti ukuba phantse ama-80% azo zonke imililo, ziphawulwe kwi Russian Federation. Abanye abathathu musa ukumela ukuntsonkotha ngomlilo, kukho ngaphantsi ukucima ngokukhawuleza kakhulu. Phambi kokuba limisele udidi ingozi umlilo ehlathini, yaqhuba uphando izityalo zasendle kwamahlathi ifama, Idatha irekhodwa yaye alungiswa zii-arhente ezikhethekileyo.

isikali Federal yokuhlola ingozi yendalo

Kwi wonke ummandla Russia zibalwe Isalathisi yendalo lwengozi umlilo. Kuxhomekeke ubushushu emoyeni, iimeko zemozulu. Kwiindawo embalela esinzima kukho amathuba eliphezulu ucinezelo. Iinkonzo mlilo yonke imihla, iiyure ezili-12, izinga ebalwe amahlathi zendalo ingozi umlilo.

Ukubala zithathiwe amangeno alandelayo: iqondo lobushushu ngemini elinikiweyo, inani leentsuku ngaphandle kwemvula kunye nombethe kuyo. It iqala nge iintsuku ukususela ngomhla wokugqibela yemvula, xa imvula kwaba-3 mm. Ibalwa ngokomgaqo wokubala kunye ratio ingozi yendalo. Umphumela iiyunithi 300 - ithuba lomlilo engekho, izinga kweeyunithi ezingaphezulu kwama-10,000 ibonisa ingozi enkulu.

Iintlobo kutsha ihlathi

Kuxhomekeka ukuphakama okukunyusa amadangatye ngaphezu komhlaba kukho iintlobo ezintathu imililo yamahlathi. I asezantsi - uhlobo komhlaba. iidipozithi komhlaba Umlilo amadobo afanayo of ezixineneyo kunye namaqondo aphezulu umoya inkqubela ngokucotha, nje iimitha ezimbalwa ngosuku. Kodwa ke ngenxa yokuba iidiphozithi afanayo zezona kubunzulu-50 cm, oku kunzima kakhulu ukucima umlilo.

umbono Nizovoy bamalangatye andise emahlathini ufikelela umphakamo oluyi-1.5 m. izibane ingca eyomileyo, utyani parostkovaya, kuleyo. Xa onjalo umlilo nga andimvumeli kuphela emgodini izilwanyana kunye nelamathole, kodwa iingcambu kunye amaxolo nocamba nemithi emikhulu. Kwaye ikhokelela ekufeni kwabo. Ezifana njengoko umlilo ungakwazi kusimangalise abantu ehlathini.

Onyuswe ihlathi iintlekele sachaza ukuphakama ilangatye engaqhelekanga. Ngamanye amaxesha ifikelela 120 leemitha. Nalo kweli langatye kufa imithi ezinkulu ubudala, aqhumisele izithsaba zabo, zemithi. A ludonga lomlilo kuyo umoya onamandla ihamba ngesantya esiphezulu. Ngenxa imiboko ubukhulu ukucima umlilo kunzima.

Ukunciphisa ilahleko amahlathi ezivela imililo

amanyathelo othintelo zenziwa kulo nyaka. Ukungqinelana kwiiklasi ingozi yomlilo emahlathini kulinganiswa parameters yokubala ukungavumelani kwe sisisongelo kunokwenzeka. Esweni ukukhula imithi, imbonakalo undergrowth coniferous. iindlela umlilo-zokuthintela ukuze kunqandwe ukusasazeka ngomlilo nayo yamkelwe. Yenziwe ngu ekuthiwa imiqobo idangatye, ezo izahlulo ngokungaphelelanga okanye imicu oqingqiweyo; wenziwe ukugawula yococeko emahlathini.

Ifakwe nemiba yokhuseleko emlilweni. Imililo okanye ukwanda ngamandla kuphetshwa ukuba foresters ukuba uyiqwalasela kakuhle ukukhula impahla esencinane, acoca indawo evela amatyholo ezomileyo kunye nemithi ubudala, balawulwa izihlahla. Kwakhona ezi njongo babeka imicwe indawo zomhlaba, kumgama oziimitha ezingama-50. Uninzi lwezi bands bayakwazi ngokupheleleyo ukuze alondoloze ehlathini, awukhusele ukwanda komlilo.

Amanyathelo ukunika umlilo

Okokuqala kufuneka ufumane umlilo. Xa yesathelayithi sele benolwazi umlilo, kufuneka ukuchonga ngokuchanekileyo yaye ukuba kunokwenzeka ukuba unciphise uphendlo kuye kuloo ndawo. Ukulungiselela le njongo, umoya zokuhamba: moya, abacimi- ntaka, drones. Enye into ebaluleke kakhulu isantya apho umlilo wafumana indawo nemisebenzi yaququzelelwa ngomlilo. Okubaluleke ngokulinganayo ukulungela zonke iiyunithi kweenkonzo zomlilo kule ngingqi.

Inyathelo lesibini ebalulekileyo ngentlawulelo kwabo umlilo na indawo yayo. Macala onke imfuneko ukubeka imiqobo yokukhubazeka. Oku kwenzelwa ukuqinisekisa ukuba umlilo aziyitwabululi kwezinye iindawo ehlathini, ishishini ngakubo. edge First abacimi estrip umlilo onyakanyiswa yimvula, wadala isiqwenga emanzi somhlaba, imithi utyebile. Kwakhona ngoncedo iteknoloji owasenza elima iziqwengana ilizwe, ukucoca indawo ezingqongileyo undergrowth kunye nemithi. Xa le misebenzi iyenziwa, khon 'ukuze umlilo ihlathi yenzelwe ehlabathini amadangatye kuvela macalana onke.

ingcinezelo umlilo

Emva epheleleyo kwicandelo kwasendaweni iqala, enyanisweni, nokuphelisa zegumbi yokutsha. Ukubeka imililo ikhutshwa phandle usebenzisa emhlabeni kunye nezixhobo zokulwa umlilo emoyeni. amadama Used zibekwe kufutshane isenzo yomlilo. izixhobo ezizodwa izibawu kwaye emele ephuma amanzi. Emva koko, ihamba phezu elangatyeni, ukukhulula khona nokuvutha ihlathi.

Inyathelo kakhulu yakutshanje Ukubeka ingqalelo kwindawo okaraulivanie abachatshazelwa yi ngomlilo. Umlilo zihlolwe ngenyameko ndawo zentlekele kuthe kwakhona ucinezelo-. Oku kufuneka prodelyvat ixesha elide ixesha ukuqonda ukhuseleko ngokupheleleyo. Ikwaqwalasela iimeko akhawunti imozulu. Ujoliso emancamini.

amanyathelo ongezelelweyo

пользуются химическими средствами тушения и вызывают искусственно дождь в облаках. Kwimeko komlilo ugonyamelo, xa esisigxina LINGATSHA kwibakala phezulu, kukho imichiza iindlela zokucima kwaye ibangele amafu emvula ngumntu. Phezu komhlaba, ngeenxa komlilo, wathulula umhlaba owomileyo kwi buthelezi. Ukuba kwabantu luninzi, ngoko ke iperimitha abantu kunye namasebe amakhulu kunye nomlilo labhubha. Kananjalo ukuqhuba zokudubula buthelezi, okwenza komcu engenanto. Ngamanye amaxesha kwiimeko kakhulu ixhulumane esezansi okanye emantla umlilo.

Indlela yokuphuma ummandla eyingozi?

Ukuba umntu uzibona sele ehlathini okanye kufutshane amadobo afanayo ngexesha engalunganga xa uqale umlilo, ngoko nayiphi imeko akanakuba uphaphazele. Kufuneka kuqala bajonge indlela yomoya kwaye uye kwicala kwicala. Zemiphunga kuthi itawuli emanzi, okanye naliphi na iqhekeza yokunxiba.

Ukuba niyazi ukuba kude kude kukho ichibi, ngoko ke kufuneka ngoko nangoko ukuhamba kwicala lakhe. Xa evuthayo nja- phantsi komhlaba, kuyimfuneko ukuba phambili esibondeni esandleni sakhe, ngobunono zokuhlola umhlaba phantsi kweenyawo zenu. Umlilo lungaqhubeka ngezantsi, yaye kuya kuba mnandi kakhulu ukuba kweyela emhadini ovuthayo.

Outreach

Abantu abahlala kufutshane ehlathini, abalungiselela zomlilo kwangaphambili. Ukwenza eluntwini lokuthintela. Xa uqale umlilo, bakhona bakhutshwe ngendlela engxamisekileyo. Luphi ukuncoma kuphela kakhulu kuyimfuneko.

Ukuba awukwazi ukufumana phandle, ngoko kufuneka ivalwe phantsi kwigumbi ngaphandle umoya izivingco ezivulekileyo. Uyakwazi kuzimela iwayini. Phumeza amanzi, iingubo zakho zimanzi kunye neetawuli. Ukuba umlilo ifumaneka emhlabeni, akuyi kuba emithini. Kufuneka ukufumana phandle entsimini, vala isixokelelwano sokuphefumla.

Kwakhona babe ngabantu wayalela ababandakanyekayo ngomlilo. Awukwazi kugalela amanzi phezu ufakelo lombane kunye nokufakelwa. Endaweni kwezixhobo ukudutyulwa kufuneka zime. Ngokupheleleyo kuyimfuneko ukuvala esi sicatshulwa kwindawo eyingozi.