Kwealkali - le isiseko okanye hayi? Yintoni zimpahla yayo?

Yintoni acid okanye ityuwa eyaziwa yayo, kakhulu kakuhle. Kunzima ukufumana umntu angabi ibhotile iviniga okanye asetyenziswe ukutya ebomini, ngaphandle apho phantse naluphi ukutya ubonakala entsha nasongo. Kodwa yintoni lye? Oku kuyafana kwisiseko, kusini na? Yintoni eyenza kube ezahlukeneyo ukusuka acid? Imibuzo enjalo isikhondo nabani na, kwaye ke ukuba thina ukuhlaziya ulwazi baba kanye esikolweni.

Kwealkali - yintoni na le nto?

Okokuqala, lo compound metal ngamanzi ikhemikali ekuthiwa hydroxides. Le nto yale hlobo, lo Ammonium, kwealkali okanye obrak umhlaba metal, yaziwa ngokuba kwealkali. Ngenxa yoko, isiseko - na electrolyte, eziquka, ukongeza ion hayidroksayidi (OH ^-), akukho anions. Ngenxa yoko, nathi sithi ukuba kwealkali - na kwisiseko emanzini. Ukuze enze loo hayidroksayidi kwensimbi kungenza subgroups Ia kunye IIA (abo kuza emva calcium). Imizekelo iikhompawundi ezifana inokuba sodium ngesoda (NaOH formula), sodium bariat (Ba (OH) _2), potassium hayidroksayidi (Koh), atom hayidroksayidi (CsOH), njl Amele into eqinileyo emhlophe, obubonakala ngokuba yincwadi evuliweyo hygroscopicity eliphezulu.

izakhiwo alkalis

Ukuchithwa emanzini of iikhompawundi ezifana lukhatshwa isizukulwana bubushushu obukhulu. In Group Ia kwealkali kakhulu - a hayidroksayidi atom kunye IIA Group - hayidroksayidi Radium. Umzekelo olu hlobo uxhulumaniso thathaka ukukhonza ammonia kunye islaked. alkalis abuhlungu ezinyibilikayo kwi ethanol kunye methanol. Xa urhulumente eqinileyo zonke ezi izinto ukufunxa amanzi avela emoyeni kunye icarbon dioxide ngokucotha uguqulwe carbonates. Lo mhlaba ibalulekileyo kwealkali kukuba ngenxa yokusabela wayo ityuwa acid kwakhiwa - lo msebenzi osemqoka isoloko kakhulu kusetyenziswa kolu shishino. Ngokusebenzisa ezi ngendibaniso angadlula umbane, kwaye ngoko ke badla zisetyenziswa electrolytes. Izimasekile usebenzisa electrolysis of kloride kwealkali okanye ngokuhlanganisa oxides zesinyithi kwealkali ngamanzi. Ishishini ngokuqhelekileyo usebenzisa indlela yokuqala kwaye eyesibini isetyenziswa kakhulu ukuvelisa islaked. Kwimeko-bume obrak, oko iyachithakala ngamanqatha, yaye lo mhlaba lisetyenziswa ekwenziweni isepha. A Inani iziseko ingatshabalalisa izityalo kunye nezilwanyana zomzimba, ukubacaphukisa ulusu nokutshabalalisa iimpahla. Alkalies nga idibene nesinyithi ethile (umz aluminiyamu), kwaye bayakwazi ukukhusela zentsimbi evela umhlwa. Baya abanganyangekiyo ubushushu - sodium hayidroksayidi nga kunyibilika azifikise ithumba, kodwa akuyi ukubola. Ezi zahlukile kakhulu ukusuka iziseko kwealkali ezingenakunyibilika, ezinye zazo (umzekelo, hayidroksayidi yesilivere) abole nokuba kwiqondo lobushushu igumbi. Njengoko kwakunye asidi, ezi izinto afuna inkathalo enkulu kunye neemfuno phezulu nokulandelwa iingcebiso zokhuseleko. Ukuvikela amehlo xa usebenza ngesepha badla ngokunxiba iindondo. Keeping kubo kuvunyelwa kuphela kwimikhumbi ezikhethekileyo - ukusela inqanawa ongayi ilingane.