IMfazwe Yehlabathi II - kuba ... Mingaphi iimfazwe yasekhaya kwimbali Russia

Xa, ebudeni bemfazwe lonke uhlanga liphuma wokukhusela kwilizwe, nokuba iklasi nobutyebi, ngoko ke kuthiwa zasekhaya. Ngamanye amazwi, War World - ngayo xa abantu babanga ukuba kwilizwe labo, kuba inkululeko kunye nokukhululwa evela abahlaseli aniphantsi enyanzelekile, kodwa ngenxa yeenkolelo zabo kunye nemigaqo yokuziphatha.

zithathwa Zingaphi iimfazwe eRashiya lwasekhaya

Likazwelonke Russian kwathiwa imfazwe uNapoleon kuqala. imithetho esemthethweni status lwasekhaya got iimfazwe ezimbini:

1. Patriotic War of 1812.
2. IMfazwe Izwe Enkulu.

Kwaye ngo 1812, yaye ngowe-1945 abantu Russia oyisa utshaba, waluthethelela ukuzimela imeko. imikhosi Russian bephuma Paris ngo-1814. A uloyiso efanayo eBerlin ngowe-1945. Olu loyiso yabiza ilizwe kunye nabantu balo uxinzeleko olukhulu.

Ngaphandle yokuba ezi imfazwe wathabatha isixa esikhulu semali kunye eziphathekayo izixhobo, lo ilahleko enkulu kakhulu waba ukulahlekelwa amawaka (1812-1814) kunye nezigidi (1941-1945) abantu. Ngaphandle koku, iRashiya u sirhelele sokumiswa wayo, kwaye ngenxa yezi loyiso yaba igunya lehlabathi enkulu nempembelelo.

UNapoleon lakhe lokuhlasela amabutho Russian

imfazwe Russia kunye France emva 1810 yaba ngeendlela ezininzi izizathu ezingenakugwemeka neAfrika, kodwa isiseko ezisesikweni ekuqaleni kwayo kwaba yaphula umnqophiso ka Tilsit. Yaqala Agasti 12, 1812, xa imikhosi uNapoleon kaThixo nisithimbile inqaba Russian ka Kovno. Komdlalo wabo wokuqala kwafika imini. Inani umkhosi phambili kwaba bantu 240.000.

Emkhosini Russian ayenziwanga bamangaliswa kukuhlaselwa, njengoko zombini izicwangciso ekhubekisayo ukulwa imfazwe kunye amajoni uNapoleon zakhe ingqalelo ukususela 1810. Umlo yokuqala emva i uNapoleon phambili waba nabaphumi-1 no-2 nd Army. Okokuqala Army ekhokelwa Barclay de Tolly, kwaye eyesibini - Bagration. Inani lilonke wamajoni yomkhosi wakhe 153.000, leyo yambethe 758 imipu.

Impi yokulwela njengenxalenye kazwelonke

Enye indlela yokuchasa imikhosi yamajoni uNapoleon yaba intshukumo yabanqolobi. Xa isigqibo yomkhosi Russian zasekwa neeyunithi ezihambayo, apho asebenza ngempumelelo kwi utshaba ngasemva. Kodwa ngokwabo, ngaphandle kwenkxaso labemi, baya kuba nako ukwenza imisebenzi yabo. Inkxaso yabantu babonisa ukuba ukuziziliza ku kukaNapoleon - a real World War II. Oku sele eqinisekisiwe kwaye umkhosi wamajoni - abalimi abo bathatha inxaxheba ekulweni, nabo onikezele umkhosi Russian kunye luqalile ngokutya kwezilwanyana.

Abalimi ngandlela zonke yoniwa-odolo kunye nezicelo ezivela isiFrentshi. Abavuma akubonelele ngokutya - bawatshisa ngomlilo onke koovimba babo, ngoko ke abangafumani utshaba. Wade watshisa emizini yawo, waza ke waya kungena emahlathini ayazimbela kuzinze. Heroes kweMfazwe Yehlabathi II ngo-1812, wathabatha inxaxheba intshukumo alwela:

• Seslavin Alexander Nikitich;
• Denis Vasilevich Davydov;
• Ivan Semenovich Dorokhov;
• Alexander Samoylovich Figner.

Ngokufutshane malunga War of 1812

Ixesha lokuqala umkhosi French wathimba indawo Russian. Xa umkhosi Russian okhokelwa uMikhail Kutuzov, isicwangciso ukuba bavunyelwe ukuba litshitshiswe utshaba iye yaphuhliswa. Kokurhoxa eMoscow wanceda ukusindisa umkhosi kakuhle kwaye uyeke, yayikukuhambela phambili kukaNapoleon nzulu eRashiya.

Famous Tarutino kushenxa Kutuzov - lokuhamba eMoscow emva Idabi Borodino kwaye ayeke emkhosini kwi Tarutino - kuvunyelwa ukuba baphinde bakuthembe waloo mfazwe. Tarutino Kwaliwa ngeyona operation Russian ezinkulu yokuqala wazisa uloyiso ukuqina. Ngexesha iminyaka kweMfazwe Yehlabathi II ndandineminyaka elishumi amadabi ezinkulu-isikali eziphembelele indlela yayo:

• e Moleva Marsh;
• ngaphantsi kwe ebomvu;
• of ESmolensk;
• Valutina ezintabeni;
• Borodino;
• e Tarutino;
• Maloyaroslavets.

Le mfazwe yaphela amajoni uNapoleon ngoMeyi 1814 emva emuva eParis kunye ngokutyikitya isivumelwano soxolo. umkhosi Russian bephuma Paris. Noko ke, oku akuthethi kweMfazwe Yehlabathi II, yenye amanqanaba nokukhululwa Europe. A War of 1812 ngonyaka, wakhupha imanifesto Alexander I, yagqitywa emva alwe 14-16 Novemba kufuphi nomlambo Berezina. War of 1812 - oku kubonisa sobukhalipha bempi qhinga olumkileyo, nasekuqaliseni bonke abantu, yonke imikhosi beyichasa yotshaba.

IMfazwe Enkulu Yobuzwe

EJamani, ngaphandle kokujonga isivumelwano soxolo ungene ngemvume kulo nyaka 39, ngoJuni, baphule imingcele eSoviet Union. NgoJuni 22, iMfazwe Patriotic Enkulu ka-1941-1945. izicwangciso kaHitler Kujongwe blitzkrieg - imibane okuhlaselayo ekuthatheni yiSoviet Union kwiinyanga ezimbalwa. Ezo amacebo Hitler isicelo ukuqala 39, nto leyo wamvumela ukuba zifake isiqingatha Europe.

Noko ke, kule mpi nxamnye Amaqumrhu, eli qhinga zange ahlawule off. Ngoxa kwiminyaka yokuqala kweMfazwe Yehlabathi II (1941-1942) umkhosi waseJamani yakwazi ukuphumelela mmandla gqitha, kodwa ayingqinelani isicwangciso "Barbarossa". Esi sicwangciso wabiza ekupheleni kwemisebenzi zomkhosi ekupheleni kuka-1941, naseRashiya, ngelo xesha, ukuba shwaka ngonaphakade ukusuka kwimephu yezopolitiko yehlabathi.

Abantu Soviet wabonisa ukuba kwiMfazwe Enkulu Patriotic - ngokwenene imfazwe a bantu. Nanto ubuqhawe zomkhosi kwayiqhwalelisa inkqubela ngasempumalanga imikhosi yaseJamani. Ngenxa yoko, iiyunithi yabanqolobi eziqhotyoshelwe phantsi imikhosi ezinkulu Wehrmacht, wenza kube nzima ukuba akubonelele ngokutya kunye emthethweni. Ezi zinto ziye zavumela ubuninzi isantya lohlaselo, yande amandla emkhosini, babuya kokuqhekeka imfazwe.

Okubonakalisa yabantu Soviet ngexesha ubuqhawe imfazwe

I Patriotic IMfazwe Enkulu kutyhilwa iimpawu eziphambili kubantu Soviet. Readiness for self-ukuphika ngenxa kwilizwe kunye ngenkalipho - ezi mpawu akunguye ngaphandle kodwa eqhelekileyo. Heroes of kweMfazwe Yehlabathi II - kukho izigidi zabantu. abantu abangaphezu kwama-11 amawaka zanikwa kwisihloko Hero eSoviet Union. Kweli xesha ka 1941-1945. Kuye bakhonza malunga 38 million imiyalelo kunye neembasa. Inxalenye ebalulekileyo yanikezelwa kokufa kwakhe.

iincwadi ezininzi ukuchaza nabanye kweMfazwe Yehlabathi II, iyaqhutywa oluninzi kweefilimu, nto leyo ebonisa izenzo ubuqhawe wamajoni Soviet kunye kuzinze. Omnye umzekelo aqaqambe inkalipho zezi:

• Feat Matrosov. Umzimba egqubuthele lutshaba ndlu kwaye iyunithi wakhe ukuba enze zilwe ebufundisini.
• Feat Gastello. Frantsevich Nicholas lasuka-moya elivuthayo, wamthuma naye phakathi kokulwa amabutho esitha kunye nezixhobo.
• Feat uCatherine Zelenko. Ngexesha emfazweni, xa moya ebashiya ngaphandle kwamafutha, waya yegusha kwaye betha i mlweli yotshaba.

Ubalo impi

Ukususela ekuqaleni impi amajoni Soviet kulwa idabi ukuzithethelela kwaye kwanyanzeleka ukuba siphumele. Ekupheleni kuka-1942 - ekuqaleni kuka-1943 wakwazi ukuthatha inyathelo edabini phezu. Stalingrad and Kursk amadabi zaye sakujika. IMfazwe Enkulu Patriotic ka-1941-1945. Ndikhumbula iziganeko ezinjalo eSoviet Union:

• June 22, 1941 - ukuhlaselwa mkhohlisi imikhosi yaseJamani.
• Ukususela ngoJuni ukuya kuSeptemba 1941 Minsk, Vilnius, Riga, Talin, eKiev wathathwa.
• Ukususela ngoJulayi 10 ukuya kuSeptemba 10, 1941 eyathatha Battle of ESmolensk.
• Septemba 1941-27 Januwari 1944 xa kwafa okuqhubekayo eLeningrad.
• September 1941-Apreli 1942. - imikhosi yaseJamani babenyuka emaphethelweni eMoscow.
• Ukususela kowe-Julayi 1942 ukuya kuFebruwari 1943 yathatha Kwidabi Stalingrad (Stalingrad).
• Julayi 1942-Oktobha 1943. - Battle for eCaucasus.
• Ngo Julayi-Agasti 1943, idabi itanki enkulu (Battle of Kursk).
• Ukususela ngo-Agasti ukuya ku-Oktobha 1943 sagcina ESmolensk operation ekhubekisayo.
• End of September 1943 - ekudibaneni Dnieper.
• NgoNovemba 1943, wakhulula Kiev.
• Matshi 1, 1944 ngokupheleleyo ukuze uphakamise kuvalwe iindlela eLeningrad.
• Ngo-Epreli 1944 Lowa wayikhululela eCrimea.
• NgoJulayi 1944, Minsk ukuba akhululwe kulo.
• NgoSeptemba noNovemba 1944 yakhupha republic lweBaltic.

imida Ukubuyisela ahlula

Ekupheleni kuka-1944, i-eSoviet Union, lo mmandla wabuyiselwa kwimida njengoko phambi uhlaselo waseJamani. Waza waqala imisebenzi emkhosini ummandla kumazwe aseYurophu, elalithinjwe ngumkhosi yaseJamani. Emva kokukhululwa kwabo, oko lasungula ezikhubekisayo kwi kummandla eJamani ukususela 1945. Uloyiso lokugqibela kwiMfazwe Enkulu Patriotic bafika emva May 8 umyalelo German esayiniweyo isixhobo iindlela zokunikezela.

KweMfazwe Yehlabathi II, elibonakalisa inkalipho namandla abantu Soviet, usinike izifundo ezininzi zokuziphatha. Uloyiso kule mfazwe ukuba eSoviet Union anganeli nje ukulwela inkululeko, kodwa ukuba umdlali ophambili kwi ehlabathini isimo neAfrika.