KuKumkani uAhaswerosi wasePersi kunye ilivo kwemfazwe Thermopylae

Ukumkani wamaPersi UArtashashta I omnye wabalinganiswa edume kakhulu kwimbali yamandulo yoluntu. Enyanisweni, lo mlawuli wakhokela imikhosi yakhe Greece kwisiqingatha sokuqala senkulungwane V. Yaba nguye lowo balwa hoplites baseAthene kweli dabi Marathon kunye yiSparta kwi ngokubanzi kukhuthazwa namhlanje kuncwadi ezithandwayo kunye efilimini Idabi Thermopylae.

Ukuqala yeeMfazwe namaRoma-Persian

BamaPersi ekuqaleni kule BC ngenkulungwane V, yaba ubukhosi oselula kodwa ndlongondlongo yaye sele enamandla, ixesha ukoyisa iqela yeentlanga asempuma. Phakathi kwezinye iindawo, i-Persian ukumkani uDariyo aphinde ezinye zamaGrike amathanga-nkqubo ngo- Asia Minor (Turkey yanamhlanje). Ngexesha ulawulo wasePersi phakathi kwabantu yesiGrike ngaphansi wasePersi - babizwa ngokuba iiyunithi yolawulo semida karhulumente Persian - ukuphakamisa mvukelo, ekhalazela umyalelo omtsha bahlaseli asempuma. Ukuba uncedo Athens ezi amathanga kwenye yezi yokuvukela kwakhokelela ekubeni ekuqaleni ungquzulwano lwamaGrike-Persian.

impi lwe Marathon

Idabi yokuqala bamisa ye-Persian kunye imikhosi yamaGrike igqampe (Athene Plataeans) yaba Marathon idabi kwenzeka ngo-490 BC. Ngenxa italente jikelele Greek Miltiades, ngubani ngobuchule sebenzisa hoplites isikali, imikhonto elide, kwaye izidanga namageduka (amaGrike icinezelwe amaPersi ukusuka ithambeka phantsi), baseAthene waphumelela, ukuyeka ngokuhlaselwa yokuqala yamaPersi kwilizwe labo. Okubangel 'umdla kukuba eli dabi kunxulumene uqeqesho umdlalo "marathon" mihla, nto leyo umgama km 42. Kuba isithunywa okungaka antique owaxhina ukusuka isithuba idabi eAthene ukubhengeza uloyiso bakhaya kwaye umyeke ufile. Ukulungiselelwa kuhlasela abaninzi kuthintele ukufa uDariyo. Wanyukela itrone ukumkani omtsha wamaPersi wayenguXerxes I, waqhubeka nomsebenzi kayise.

Battle of Thermopylae namadoda angamakhulu amathathu yiSparta

Nokuhlaselwa yesibini yaqala ngo-480 BC. UArtashashta umkhosi omkhulu amawaka-200. Abantu (njengoko uqikelelo mbali namhlanje). ngokukhawuleza kakhulu, yoyiswa kwelaseMakedoni eThrace, kwaye ke kwebutho elivela emantla e Boeotia, Attica kunye iPeloponnese. Nkqu mfelandawonye isixeko Greek engomelele imikhosi ezininzi kangaka, libuthiwe ezizweni ezininzi uBukhosi basePersi. ithemba uphelile yamaGrike yaba ithuba imfazwe kwindawo exineneyo apho umkhosi wamaPersi indlela yayo emzantsi - Thermopylae Gorge. utshaba wokwamanani inzuzo apha kuya kuba kakhulu kangangokuba ekhohlo onethemba lokuphumelela. Legend yokuba ukumkani wasePersi uArtashashta waba phantse kancinane apha ezingamakhulu amathathu amadoda Spartan - kukubaxwa. Eneneni, kweli dabi inxaxheba 5 7 amawaka. Amajoni Greek evela kwemigaqo-nkqubo eyahlukeneyo, Spartan kuphela. Kwaye ke Ububanzi gorge lelo nani ngaphezu ngokwaneleyo ekunqandeni ngempumelelo utshaba iintsuku ezimbini. Ukuyalwa yokuhlasela Greek ngqo ubambe umgca, ukuyeka ngokwenene ingxokolo namaPersi. Akukho mntu owaziyo yintoni eyayiza lwaphela edabini, kodwa ke amaGrike ziye wangcatshwa ngomnye kubahlali leyo ndawo - Ephialtes. Indoda owabonisa namaPersi a sebenzo jikelele. Xa uKumkani Leonidas weva ewolo, wayikhupha imikhosi ukuba imigaqo-nkqubo ukuba yimbumba imikhosi zabo, wahlala phezu ukuzithethelela yaye kucothe namaPersi nomkhosi encinane. Ngoku ngokwenene ukuba encinane kakhulu ukuba - imiphefumlo malunga 500. Nangona kunjalo, akukho mqondiso ungaqhelekanga wenziwe ntoni, phantse zonke abavikeli babulawa ngemini enye.

Loo nto ke

Battle of Thermopylae akazange sizaliseke umsebenzi abantu Greek eziqhotyoshelwe kuyo, kodwa ngumzekelo ephefumlelweyo ubuqhawe yezinye abavikeli eli lizwe. I-Persian ukumkani uAsuwerosi I wakwazi ukuphumelela apha, kodwa kamva lahluleka elihlazo: elwandle - inyanga emva kwabo eSalami, naphezu komhlaba - kweli dabi Plataea. iimfazwe Greco-Persian yaqhubeka iminyaka engamashumi ezayo njenge ungquzulwano eliphantsi-ngamandla ixesha elide apho unalungelo lini na bahlangene ngokugqithisileyo ngazo policyholders.