Yintoni na le nto. amazwi amaninzi zefilosofi

Ngo bulumko, ingqiqo yento ekugqibeleni ukusekwa kuphela phakathi BC ngenkulungwane IV, ngexesha lwamandulo uPlato noAristotle. Ngaphambi koko, uphando ezininzi bulumko becala achazelwe nemiba khozimologi.Sonke kunye nokuziphatha. Umba ulwazi ihlabathi ngokukodwa kuchaphazeleka. Loo nto inika umdla into yokuba phambi kokuzalwa kwehlabathi ifanelekileyo uPlato enye zo zesiGrike akazange ukwabelana ihlabathi apho umntu lo yena uphila, kwaye imbono ngamnye zehlabathi. Ngamanye amazwi, le engqongileyo izinto, iziganeko, kunye nezenzo zabantu doplatonovskuyu era khange "lwangaphandle" ukuya philosophizing mkhanyo yamandulo. Ngako oko, kuye eyayilapho ikhangele nasiphi na isixhobo isifundo - a iziphumo gnosiological, ezintweni okanye zokuziphatha la magama.

UPlato naye wenza revolution engqondweni, xa nako ukubonisa ukuba eneneni yokuhlalisana ezintathu ezizimeleyo enye kwenye ihlabathi; ihlabathi yezinto, kwihlabathi izimvo kunye nehlabathi izimvo ngezinto kunye neengcamango. Loo ndlela yenziwe ngendlela eyahlukileyo ukuqwalasela hypothesis yesiqhelo khozimologi.Sonke. Endaweni yokujonga umthombo wokuqala wobomi kwi ndawo yokuqala kukho inkcazo yehlabathi kunye nengcaciso yendlela siyaqonda ihlabathi. Ngokufanelekileyo, kuyimfuneko kuba ukucacisa ukuba yintoni into. Yaye yintoni okuthathwa umbono wakhe. Ngokutsho uPlato, injongosenzi into yokuba umntu athi esijolise kubo, oko kukuthi "lwangaphandle" ngokunxulumene okhangeleka kumbukeli. Umbono ngamnye into ethathwe njengesifundo. Ngenxa yoko, kuye kwagqitywa ukuba abantu ababini ezahlukeneyo kunokuba baneembono ezahlukeneyo ngalo mbandela, kodwa ngenxa yokuba ihlabathi ngaphandle (izinto zehlabathi) zibonwa subjectively. Injongo okanye buphelele, kunokuba kwihlabathi iingcamango kuphela.

Aristotle, ke, umisela ukuba umgaqo Ukwahluka. Le ndlela eyahlukileyo ngokwesiseko uPlato. Sibone oko into, kwafumaniseka ukuba ihlabathi kwezinto (izinto) yahlulwe kungathi ibe ngamaqela amabini: ifomu nezinto. Yaye "nto" kwaqondwa emzimbeni kuphela, leyo ichazwa kuphela ngokusebenzisa amava enokwehla, ngoxa le fomu wanikwa inkululeko iipropati nobuntu kwaye ibhekisele kwiingxaki obunzulu (theory of ulwazi). Kule nkalo, injongosenzi ihlabathi ngokwasemzimbeni kunye nenkcazo yayo.

Loo ukuqonda exananazileyo into - zomzimba kunye nobuntu - ayizange iguquke phezu zeminyaka emibini ezayo. I kuphela imbono athi ukuphucuka. Ngokomzekelo, iinkolelo zamaKristu ephakathi. Ihlabathi - njengokubonisa ukuthanda kukaThixo. Umbuzo oko into akukho sengozini kwaphela; iliso injongo babe uThixo kuphela kunye nabantu, ngenxa yokuba wayengafezekanga babo kuphela indawo ayinyani. Ngoko ke, kwenzeka eziphathekayo, nokuba ngaba oko owaziwa ngolo hlobo (Frensis Bekon), kodwa abe luluvo, yahlulwe eyahlukileyo, elizimeleyo kwezinye into nganye. Ingcamango into abazalelwa kamva, kule mihla kunye xesha Classicism, xa leyinene ezingqonge ayisa waqonda kuphela libe yinto philosophizing. Ihlabathi liye laba njongo leyona olukhula ngokukhawuleza.

Namhlanje, sizenza lo mbuzo: "Yintoni na le nto?" Kuyinto methodological kunokuba bulumko. Into eyaziwayo kwinkalo yokufunda - kwaye oku kuba yinto okanye into, abanye impahla yayo, okanye ukuqonda nje lepropati. Enye into kukuba kaninzi into zichazwa kwizikhundla luluvo, ingakumbi xa kujongwa ubume nesenzeko ezintsha. Hi ndlela leyi, cinga oku: intanethi kunye nothungelwano intanethi - leyo kule meko lo mbandela, yaye loo mbandela?

Ngale ndlela, kucacile: umbuzo wokuba yintoni into kuyehla kuphela kwiingxaki semthethweni zenzululwazi. Ukuba umba ecetywayo okanye thiyori babawa ukwamkeleka, kungenzeka ubungqina ukuzalwa into entsha. Okanye, icala, deobektivizatsii izinto okanye iziganeko. Kweli hlabathi, yonke into isihlobo.