Ikhofi, itiye, ikotoni, imbewu: ziphi izityalo?

Wonke umntu obonayo ifilimu malunga ne-Scarlett O'Hara emangalisayo, mhlawumbi ukhumbula umfanekiso wokuqala - i-panorama yendawo enkulu yokotini, ebizwa ngokuba nguTara. Kwaye nakwiimboniselo zethelevishini sichazwa malunga neefesi zekhofi kunye neefesi, apho iindidi ezifanelekileyo zityalo zikhula. Iyintoni isityalo, ziphi na izinto ezibhekwe njengento engavamile?

Etymology

Imvelaphi yamagama ifundwa yi-etymology. Leli sebe leelwimi luza kunceda ukuqonda ukuba zeziphi iziza. Leli gama libonakala ngesiRashiya kwiXVIII inkulungwane. Ukuboleka kwisiLatini, kuthetha ukutyala izityalo. Kwavela kwi-planta - "isithombo". Kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele ukuba eli gama alikho incazelo ecacileyo. Ukongezelela, akusiyo igosa.

Iindawo zokuqala

Ngethuba lokuqala iifama zityalo zavela kwi-West Indies ngekhulu le-16. Abasunguli babo babengabaseSpeyin abaxhaphaza isizwe sabantu belizwekazi. Izixhobo zobasebenzi bekhoboka zazingundoqo kakhulu. Inkulungwane ye-18 yaphawulwa yimibala yeenkoloni zaseYurophu kwintsimi ye-Asia ne-Afrika. Ngokuqhelekileyo abanini beemimandla babengabemi bezinye iintlanga, kodwa ngamanye amaxesha abanikazi baba ziinkampani ezinkulu. Kwangexesha elide, abasebenzi bezityalo babeyi-negroes. Injongo ephambili yokudala imifuno emikhulu yayiyi-sugar cane, itiye, ikhofi, iteksi, iinanphaphu, i-cocoa kunye nokunye okuninzi. Ewe, ngenjongo yokurhweba. Inkqubo yesityalo yafikelela kwinqanaba layo ekuqaleni kwekhulu le-19. Emva koko isikhungo sawo saseMelika yaseMelika. Emazantsi asezantsi, inani elikhulu lekotoni linyanyisiwe.

Utyalo-mali kunye nomsebenzi wempesheni: zithini iintlobo zolu hlobo lwe-capitalist?

Emva kweeminyaka embalwa emva kokuvela kwemimandla, iintlobo ezintsha zezoqoqosho zavela - iintlobo zentlanzi. Apha, amabakho ayengasasebenzi - ngenxa yokutyalomali, abanini banokukwazi ukuqesha abasebenzi. Olu hlobo lolimo lwalunezinye iimpawu:

1. Abasebenzi basigxina.
2. Umvuzo ohleliweyo.
3. Ukwandisa inani labasebenzi ngexesha lokuvuna.

Ngendlela, amaxesha amaninzi abasebenzi baqeshwe ukusebenzela emasimini amaninzi kwithuba. Emva koko, iinkcubeko ezahlukeneyo zivuthwa ngamaxesha ahlukeneyo. Esi sithethe sisabaluleka kubemi beZithathu zeThathu.

Yintoni ebonisa ukuhluma kunye nomgangatho wesityalo?

Ngoku uyazi intsingiselo yegama elithi "ukutshala", imbali yokuvela kweefama zezolimo. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba nayiphi na indawo isalwe kwiinkalo zokuzuza kwayo. Yingakho indawo ikhethwe ngokuhambelana neemfuno zezityalo ezicetywayo ukukhula.

Ngokomzekelo, ubuninzi beentlobo zeegayi ziseChina, e-India, eBrazil nase-United States. Kulapha ukuba umhlaba kunye nemozulu zikulungele ukukhula kwesi sityalo. Iifama ezinkulu ze-strawberry zifumaneka kwintsimi yeNtshona Yurophu, i-Uzbekistan kunye ne-Krasnodar Territory. Kodwa i-blueberries ikhula ngokubanzi kwimida yokumntla - le berry idinga indawo ematye kunye nomhlaba omanzi. Emazweni aseTropiki, bahlakulela i-vanilla ngenkuthalo. Ikamva le-shishini laseRussia elisemgangathweni yintsimi ehlambulukileyo yehlathi. Iyintoni ukutshala kwezinto zempahla eluhlaza? Esi sisisombululo kwingxaki yokunqongophala kwemithombo yamatye. Isityalo esingaqhelekanga sinokuthathwa njengesicacus. Kwaye eQueens kukho isityalo esisemthethweni senambuzane! Izityalo ezikhulile apha, ngokuqinisekileyo, aziyi kudayiswa - ziya kusetyenziswa kuphela kwiinjongo zonyango.