I-Red Book of kummandla Tyumen: izityalo, izilwanyana, iintaka

kummandla Tyumen yinxalenye Western eSiberia. iimeko zayo zemvelo kakhulu ngokugqithisileyo, kodwa enezityalo nezilwanyana utyebile kakhulu. A igalelo elikhulu ulondolozo wenza i Red Book of kummandla Tyumen.

A engencinane ngayo indawo

Region Tyumen yinxalenye Urals Federal weSithili kwaye lol kummandla Western eSiberia. Kunye naloo mimandla ezimeleyo ngayo Wasolula ukususela kwimida leli lizwe ukuya kunxweme Arctic Ocean. Erhangqwe Arkhangelsk, Kurgan, eOmsk, District Sverdlovsk, Komi, ummandla Krasnoyarsk kunye Kazakhstan.

Region yeyona ndawo yesithathu ngobukhulu (1.4 macala onke. M. Km). lwabemi beli yezigidi 3.6 zabantu. Ulawulo kummandla Tyumen imi kwisixeko engundoqo - Tyumen, leyo yaba sisixeko sokuqala Russian eSiberia ngo-1586.

Ngaphambi koko, lo mmandla wawuhlala Mansi, Khanty, Selkup, Nenets okanye Samoyeds, nezizwe zamaTurkic esezantsi ethathe imilo ekuhambeni kwexesha kwiqela nobuhlanga Siberia nangezinto. Ukususela ngenkulungwane XIV, loo ntsimi yinxalenye kwiNgingqi Tyumen; kwandule ke Siberian Khanate. Ngowe-1582 abarhwebi phambene ngu Cossacks baqesha woyisa la mazwe, besaphula i Khanate. Kungoku nje abantu jikelele - Russian.

Ke kaloku endle yokuphuhlisa ishishini kagesi, ishishini amafutha, imiqulu eyona kuqala eRashiya. kwamahlathi Kwenziwa, nemithi isitokhwe na ngaphezu kokuba billion cubic metres. Kwezolimo, processed% 3 kuphela komhlaba.

Nature kunye neJografi

Kuba ubukhulu bayo le ngingqi yesibini kuphela kummandla Krasnoyarsk kunye Yakutia. Mmandla ibekwe ngaphakathi kumathafa, entlango Arctic, ehlathini kumathafa, hlathi, ehlathini kunye namahlathi exutyiweyo. Ngaphezu kwama-90% yommandla kucingelwa ukuba i-Far North.

iimeko zendalo kunye zemozulu abangqwabalala apha. ixesha yengqele yeqabaka amanqaku ezahlukeneyo kummandla isusela ukusuka kwiintsuku 140 ukuya 200. I-avareji January lobushushu isusela ku - 16 ukuya - 26 ^C. ehlotyeni, kobushushu zigcinwe kwi 19 degrees.

Le zina- amathafa becala tyaba. Hlathi amahlathi bagubungele ummandla. Xa iindawo esemazantsi kummandla kwezityalo moorland kunye ihlathi-emathafeni. Uhlobo kummandla Tyumen esisityebi kwaye zahlukene, nangona iimeko ezimbi.

Le ngingqi ngaphezulu kwama-70 amawaka imilambo kunye nemilambo, malunga amachibi efanayo. Ubude lilonke kwamanzi - malunga ne-10 km. Imilambo inkulu ke Irtysh, Tobol, Ishish. Zizinto amadama ibekwe ephehla ugesi ngamanzi. Kwinxalenye esemazantsi amachibi kwelizwe eqhelekileyo ezinetyuwa kumbindi kwaye kumntla - nomgxobhozo kunye thermokarst.

I-Red Book of kummandla Tyumen

uluhlu olupheleleyo izilwanyana ezisengozini, ezisengozini kwaye ezinqabileyo, izityalo kunye nomngundo ezidweliswe kwi-Red encwadini mmandla. Tyumen Region Administration wayeyalele indalo yayo ngo-1999. Uhlaziyo nokukhulula okuphinde iincwadi, abasemagunyeni kufuneka malunga qho emva kweminyaka elishumi elinesihlanu.

I-Red Book of kummandla Tyumen iquka iintlobo 711, iintlobo ezingaphezu kwe-250 izityalo kunye nomngundo kunye ulele. It iqulathe ezintandathu (kubandakanywa zero) lwezintlu ezingundoqo, kuxhomekeke kubungakanani eziphilayo. Ngenxa yoko, udidi yesihlanu (V) ithetha iintlobo onombolo sinciphile kwaye akadingi inyathelo ezongezelelweyo ngumntu.

Ngu Category IV iintlobo lolwazi kubandakanywa koluntu akukho okanye encinane kakhulu. Udidi lwesithathu iquka iintlobo ezinqabileyo kunye localized okanye esoloko ikho, okwesibini - ukunciphisa, kowokuqala - ezisengozini. Zero iqulethe ulwazi malunga iintlobo kusenokwenzeka extinct enezityalo nezilwanyana, yaye ulwazi malunga nawo ayikho ngaphezu kwesiqingatha senkulungwane.

ezanyisayo

Izilwanyana ye-Red Book of kummandla Tyumen bangabi thaca kuluhlu nye, yaye zahlulwe sub-categories, ngokuxhomekeke kuhlobo, iklasi, okanye iqela layo. kuluhlu nomvundla ulwandle (III udidi) phakathi ezanyisayo - omele amatywina. Factor umda ukusasazeka kwayo, kwakunye nezinye izilwanyana, ungcoliseko, ukuzingela.

iintlobo Rare: nomvundla yaseYurophu, nempuku enkulu, Korsak, ibhere elimhlophe, adle. Inani Jungar Hamster nomntla pikas iyahluka kakhulu kwaye kuxhomekeke kwiimeko zemozulu - amaxesha imbalela, imvula, iqabaka.

Ukuzingela ngaphandle kwemvume kunye nokunqongophala kwezibonelelo ukutya, ukunciphisa inani walruses, narwhals emantla ezivela kudidi II. Ngenxa yezizathu ezifanayo, umnenga bowhead, abahlala kuLwandle Kara, yinto iintlobo ezisengozini. Yokuduka ebusweni kwaye ke ngoboya yaseYurophu, leyo ngenkuthalo lenkosikazi ngoboya yaseMelika.

Iintlanzi, izilwanyana eziphila emhlabeni nasemanzini, arthropods

Red Book uphawula ummandla Tyumen iintlobo-10 intlanzi kunye cyclostomes, eziphila 7 kunye eziphila, ngaphezu arthropods 100. izinto zemvelo bachatshazelwa kuphela inani bullhead, intlanzi kunye nabanye cyclostomes (trout, nesalmon emhlophe, Intlanzi eSiberia njalo njalo. D.) bayasweleka ngenxa yemisebenzi yabantu.

Phakathi ezirhubuluzayo eziphila zithathwa ezinqabileyo legless necilishe fragilis Anguis, kakhulu, kwakunye isele eqhelekileyo. Le yokugqibela eyaziwayo ukuba unalo ivumba elibukhali begalikhi. intulo Siberian kunye ntulo zisengozini abadinga iintlobo unonophelo, iinyoka anencasa frog ingca nokwehla ngokukhawuleza amanani.

Uluhlu arthropods zeNcwadi oluBomvu mkhulu. iintlobo Rare ezi tarantulas olusemazantsi Russian - izigcawu inkulu kule ngingqi. Kwakhona kolu didi kuvela ezinye oohlabamanzi, zikhetha intaba, amabhungane, ooqongqothwane elide-nombala weevils, uhlobo ooqongqothwane, ezo ke iindawo ezilishumi elinesibini. Enengca barbel round kugqalwa engozini.

iintaka

Birds yommandla Tyumen, ezidweliswe njengoko ezisengozini, uniko manani, iintlobo-117. Kwezi, iintlobo 74 kufuna esweni rhoqo phezu inxalenye mntu, kuba zinqabile nababuthathaka. Phakathi kwezi uhlobo petrel ekuthiwa usileyo, idada shelduck, Siberia kunye eider eqhelekileyo, igriffon nonomakhwezana, krechanka, moorhen. Ezi iintaka zidweliswe kwisihlomelo le ncwadi.

Iphepha ephambili sinika ingcaciso engaphezulu malunga ngalunye, apho kukho 43. I-Endangered Savka, inyoka njengexhalanga, milenge, Siberia cranes. Phakathi ezinqabileyo kunye nokwehla kwenani iintlobo kuvela nefubesi lweDalmatia nengcwangube, flamingo, mkhulu eagle nezirhwexu, nenkuku yamanzi Bewick kaThixo, nenkqo.

Ukuxuba recovery labemi kuvandlakanywa nedada sisidenge, nogwidi. eziphilayo zithathwa bustard, kestrel encinane, curlew amatye bustard kancinane.

izityalo

Ngaphezu kwamakhulu amabini iintlobo enezityalo oqondela Red Book of kummandla Tyumen. Izityalo zahlulwe angiosperms, yefeni, bryophytes kunye plaunoobraznye. Phakathi angiosperms ezinqabileyo kunye nokwehla kwamanani ezinye iintlobo amatswele (netshiki, ekubambisaneni ocoliweyo), sedges (evakalala, weentaba, elunxwemeni), Rhynchospora Alba. Russian shwaka iris, nomgxobhozo kwempahla.

Phakathi iifeni ngokuyinqaba kwaye lanceolate umkhonto-ezimile moonwort mnogoryadnik. Iintlobo ezisele ezinqabileyo okanye ngenkuthalo zancitshiswa ngenani. Umzekelo, Alpine Woods, yaye ezinye colutea Dryopteris. Phakathi moss kunye moss, efuna ingqalelo ezi Baranez, likopodiella, enkalipta, Meese.

Le nto umda izityalo ezininzi imigodi. imisebenzi uqhushumbiso ezimayini kukhokelela ekutshatyalalisweni kwendawo yazo yemvelo. Ubunzima, umzekelo, skrytokuchnitsa olugobileyo lokuvala, Kosten oluhlaza, ibekwe kumathambeka elineeminerali.

Umngundo kunye ulele

Inani lilonke nomngundo kunye ulele kule ncwadi - malunga namashumi amathathu. Ukusuka fungi ezidliwayo ingabizwa Boletus enobubanzi emhlophe ngamanye amaxesha ifikelela ikepusi yayo iisentimitha-25. It ukhula kwiindawo abangena- pine kunye namahlathi Aspen. caninus ongaqhelekanga mutinus ayinakutyiwa kuphela xa kuthe iqokobhe eqandeni.

lacquered onge ingqalelo kwaye Polypore ndiyingwevu-yellow, waziva onniya, datroniya, abortipus Biennial, coralloides hericium. Amila cortinarius emfusa ingqalelo ayinakutyiwa. Ukongeza kule ngingqi Tyumen, oko ifumaneka kwi Primorsky kunye Krasnoyarsk Territories.

Phakathi ulele ezinqabileyo zezi asahineya Scholander, omfalina Hudson, ezidweliswe kwi-Red Book of Russia. Unobangela impilo yabo iya isiba umsebenzi yezoqoqosho kunye kubakhenkethi lo mntu. Kuba nokunyamalala kwemiphunga Lobar into umda na ungcoliseko lomoya.

weni Protection

Namafa kunye nokubekwa kummandla Tyumen emiselwe ukukhusela lweentlobo zezityalo nezilwanyana, yaye alondoloze nenkangeleko enexabiso yendalo. Amafa umdlalo likhulu sifunda Kunyaksky, Vikulov kunye Tyumen.

Iyonke Reserve ukubaluleka ezimbini yase kanye 95 zengingqi. Kwindawo Ugra kunye Yamal uye imimandla ekhuselweyo ezine - i Upper taz, Yugansky, "Malaya Sosva" Nature Reserve kunye Gyda.

Upper taz Reserve ukwakweli kwamaxandeka iinduli ukuya ku-50 ubude. On kwintsimi ezininzi neentlambo zayo umlambo kunye nemiwonyo leyo yaba yindawo efanelekileyo ubomi izilwanyana ezinqabileyo kunye nezityalo. Kuyinto ekhaya ukuya enqabileyo aseSiberia intulo, necilishe, inyoka ebushushwini obo, wolverine, amaxhama, ukukhula nemisedare, nespruce, larch.