Ukuxinana Amazing variable amanzi

Inyaniso yokuba amanzi into langoku phantse yonke indawo, kwakunye nendima yayo ebhudla ukusekwa kunye nokugcinwa ezininzi eziphilayo siyazi kwikhondo esikolweni. Yiyiphi enye into enokuthethwa iimpawu ezimangalisayo H ₂ O?

Physics uthi omnye iimpawu engundoqo lexinene amanzi. Le bemfuno siqwalasela ngokweenkcukacha. Yintoni na le xabiso? Ukuxinana kwamanzi, kwakunye nayiphi na enye into okanye izinto ibonisa ukuba bangaphi na, ngakumbi kanye, oko kuqulathwe ubunzima umthamo ethile kweziyobisi.

Yintoni wamanzi omangalisayo ukuze mninzi bayinxalenye yalo, kuyimfuneko ukuthetha ngokwahlukeneyo? Okokuqala, oko ugwetyelwayo inani iintlobo yayo. Amanzi unakho kuba amanzi kunye netyiwa, enzima enzima, abaphilayo nabafileyo. Ukongeza, ngamnye amagama aqhelekileyo ezifana komhlaba kunye namanzi ezimbiwa, amanzi emvula okanye ziyanyibilika amanzi, nocwangciseke nkqu owomileyo. Amanzi, njengokuba sonke khumbula, oko kusenokuba benozuko eziqinileyo, sukube okanye engamanzi, ebizwa udibaniso. Ngokwendalo, lexinene amanzi kunye netyuwa yahlukile lexinene imvula okanye zibambene.

Hlola iimpawu eziphathekayo (kubandakanywa lexinene yamanzi) phantsi kweemeko eziqhelekileyo, leyo bathi ixabiso womoya ka-760 mm HG. Art. kwaye iqondo lobushushu kokugquma elingana 0 ⁰ C. Ngala parameters kutshintsha, xa utshintsho ethile kuxhomekeke iimpawu izinto. Onke ngaphandle kwamanzi. ubungayi kuba ebonakalayo lexinene amanzi kwiqondo lobushushu ezahlukeneyo phantsi kweemeko eziqhelekileyo.

Ngokungafaniyo nezinye izinto, enciphisa lexinene xa itshiswe, amanzi uluhlu izidanga ukusuka kwi-0 ukuya ku-4 Celsius ukunyuka yayo mninzi. Phezu Ukupholisa, umthamo kwanokuxinana amanzi kwakhona ukuziphatha uncharacteristically: ukunyuka zayo umthamo kunye nokuncipha mninzi. Kuyenzeka ukuba uqwalesele kwimeko apho amanzi ekhenkcezisiweyo esophula imibhobho yamanzi. Xa zasendle osemqoka angaqhelekanga H ₂ Owu ikhusela ungqameko olungezantsi amanzi ukuqanda isindisa ubomi nabemi bazo. Ngokubhekisele ukunyuka kwamaqondo obushushu emanzini, emveni kokuba umda we-4 ⁰ C, ingxinano wayo, kwakunye nangexesha okupholisa, iqalisa ukuna. ikhefu Sea amanzi, yaye ezi zimvo, ebonisa ezixineneyo ubuninzi kumaqondo obushushu sub-zero.

nyaniso into yokuba amanzi ngokugqibeleleyo acocekileyo ngaphandle ubukho amaqamza kunye inclusions ezincinane of ubumdaka okanye uthuli, kufuneka zipholile ukuba degrees -70, ngaphandle ukuyilwa lomkhenkce okanye ukuba shushu ngaphandle abilayo umda lobushushu degrees 150 Celsius. mgaqweni ezifana zinokwenzeka phantsi kweemeko ezithile (ubunzima obungakumbi, umzekelo), kunye ukwanda kwabo kunokwenzeka kuphela kwiimeko elebhu.

Ngokubanzi, lexinene amanzi kuchaphazela ubukho ubumdaka, amaqamza igesi kunye neetyuwa kumafa yayo, ixabiso womoya, lobushushu kokugquma kunye nenani neminye imiba yangaphandle. Kuyinto elula uyayeka mangaza izazinzulu ngempahla yabo kwamnandi ngokupheleleyo emzimbeni, ukukwazi ukutshintsha isakhiwo kunye imichiza nokwakheka.