Iileta zeVolve zesiRashiya

Esinye sezigaba ezinzima kunabo bonke abafundi baseRashiya baxhomekeke. Ngokuqhelekileyo, abafundi benza iimpazamo kuhlalutyo lweefowuni lwamagama, iimpawu zezandi ezithile, iifonim. Kodwa ngeendlela ezininzi ulwazi lweefowuni luyisibambiso sokufunda nokubhala kwenkcubeko. Ngoko ke, kufuneka kunikwe ingqwalasela enjalo kwisifundo esinjengezandi. Namhlanje sinomdla kwiilwimi. Iileta ezizikhethayo ziya kuxutyushwa kwinqaku lethu. Asiyi kudlula malunga neempawu eziqhelekileyo zenkqubo yesandi yolwimi lwethu.

Izandi okanye iileta?

Okokuqala, makhe sibone ukuba yiyiphi into esiya kuyichaza kule nqaku. Kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele ukuba abantu abaninzi bakholelwa ukuba ngolwimi lwesiRashiya kukho iinconsi kunye nezikhalazi. Abaninzi bakulungele baze baphikisane kwaye baya kulungela ukufaneleka kwabo ngeentsiba emlonyeni. Kodwa ngaba kunjalo?

Enyanisweni, ngolwimi lwesiRashiya kuloluhlu, izandi kuphela ezibonakalayo. Iileta zikhonza kuphela njengendlela yokubonakalisa imifanekiso yeefonem okanye ethile inhlanganisela yeefonem, kwaye ibonisa ukugqithiswa kokubhaliweyo kwesandi esithile. Ngoko ke, umntu akanakutsho ukuba iileta zikhona izikhenkce okanye iinconon, ingqungquthela okanye ingakhathazekile.

Ulwazi jikelele

Makhe sidlule ngokukhawuleza kwisigcaziso seefowuni zeefowuni. NgesiRashiya kukho izandi ezithandathu zeseyile, ezibhekiselele kuzo "iilwimi" eziyishumi. Ekubunjweni kwezi zandi ezivela emlonyeni, i-jet of air escapees, engahlangabezane nayo nayiphi na imiqobo emendweni wayo. Ngaloo ndlela, izandi zethoyile ziquka kuphela ilizwi. Ngokungafani neentononti, ziyakululwa okanye ziculwe. Ezi zandi ziquka: [a], [o], [y], [e], [u], [s].

Iilwimi zilandelayo ziimpawu eziphambili: umgca, ukuphakamisa, umphumo okanye ukuxinezeleka. Ukongezelela, kunokwenzeka ukuhlukanisa uhlobo oluthile olunjengelibialization.

Kufuneka kwakhona kuqatshelwe ukuba izandi zeseyile zikhonza njenge-syllabic. Khumbula indlela abantwana abasesikolweni besikolo abafundiswa ngayo ukuchaza iilllabha ngelizwi, ukubala iileyile "iileta".

Isandi yinxalenye encinci yentetho engabhekanga nje kuphela njengento yokwenza amagama, kodwa inceda ukuhlukanisa amagama kunye nesakhiwo esifana nesandi (umzekelo, "i-fox" kunye "nehlathi" ihluke kuphela ngegama elilodwa). Ukufunda izikhalazi kunye nezandi eziqhawulayo zifana nenzululwazi njengefowuni.

Makhe sihlalutye nganye yale mpawu.

Impembelelo nefuthe

Masiqale ngeyona nto elula kwaye ibaluleke kakhulu, ukusuka kwindawo yokujonga kwinkcubeko yentetho, iimpawu. I-vowel nganye ingaba yintlupheko okanye ingakhathazeki. Isandi sokuvakala kwisimo esicinezelekileyo sivakala ngokucacileyo kunokuba kuluhlu. Ngokubhekiselele ekubhaliseni, ngoko, kungakhathaliseki ukuba yintoni isikhundla, zichazwa ngamagama afanayo. I-Vowel percussion kwileta ingakwazi ukwahlukaniswa ngokusebenzisa uphawu lokubhaliweyo olumi ngaphezu kweleta. Ngokuqhelekileyo esetyenziswe eso siqendu kwiindawo ezingabonakaliyo, kwindawo esetyenziswayo kunye neelwimi.

Kuyafaneleka ukuba uqaphele ukuba iilwimi ezixinezelekileyo zizwakala ngokucacileyo kwaye zingenza enye i-phoneme ngexesha lokubhaliselwa. Ngaloo ndlela, i-vowel enexinzelelo "o" inokuzwakala ngathi "a", kwaye "kwaye" isandi ngathi "e" kwintetho yomlomo, ngaphezu koko, ngezinye izikhathi isandi sevolumu singaphela. Kule meko, ukubhalwa kwephepha kuzakuhluka kwirekhodi evamile yegama.

Ngokomzekelo, igama elithi "ubisi" kwirekhodi yefowuni ibonakala ngathi:

1. [malak'o] - ukubhaliselwa kweso sikhokelo kwikharityhulam yesikolo.

2. [melak] - loo nto isetyenziswe rhoqo kumaziko aphakamileyo emfundo kwii-philological faculties. Uphawu "b" lithetha ukuba isandi "a" sichaza ngokufutshane, phantse sinyamalale kwigama xa sichazwa.

Qaphela ukuba enye yeenkathazo zesiRashiya idlala ngamazwi angagxininisi. Iileta ezichazela kule leta azihlali zifana nezandi ezizwakalayo, ezivelisa iimpazamo ezininzi. Ukuba ungathandabuzeki ngokuchaneka kokubhala igama elithile, sebenzisa isichazi sesipelingi okanye hlola isipelingi segama usebenzisa imithetho eyaziwa kuwe.

Labialization

NgesiRashiya kukho izandi ezibizwa ngokuba yi-labialized - "o" kunye "y". Kwezinye iincwadi zokubhala, banokuthiwa kuthiwa baqhubekile. Impawu yabo kukuba xa bebhengezwa, imilomo ibandakanyeka, isalula phambili. Izandi ezisele eziseburhulumenteni zesiRashiya asinayo le nto.

Iileta ezichazela izandi zomsindo ngee-vowel zineempawu ezibhalwa ngokubhaliselwe ngendlela efanayo nezandi eziqhelekileyo.

Uchungechunge

NgesiRashiya kwisithuba seelwimi emlonyeni, xa sichaza isandi, imiqolo emithathu iyahlula: phambili, phakathi nangemva.

Ukuba inxalenye eyintloko yolwimi xa ivakalisa isandi isemva komtya womlomo - ngoko (isandi) ibhekisela kumqolo ongemuva. Umgca ongaphambili ubonakaliswe ngento yokuba ekuhambeni kwezikhalazi ezihambelana nayo, inxalenye eyintloko yelwimi ihamba phambili. Kwimeko apho ulwimi luhlala kwindawo ephakathi ekubhaliweyo, isandi sibhekisela kwizibilini zomgca ophakathi.

Ziziphi izicatshulwa ezi zinto okanye ezo zandi ziseRashiya?

[O], [y] - umqolo ongemuva;

[A], [s] - umyinge;

[Kunye], [e] - phambili.

Njengoko ubona, ezi zimpawu zilula, into ephambili kukukhumbula. Ngenxa yokuba akukho zandi izandi zelwimi zesiRashiya, akuyi kuba nzima ukukhumbula ngeloluhlu.

Ukukhulisa

Kwakhona kukho uphawu olulodwa lwezandi zomsindo ngesimo seelwimi ngexesha lokubiza. Apha, kunye nokuhlelwa kwechungechunge, kukho iintlobo ezintathu zezandi: eziphantsi, eziphakamileyo neziphakamileyo.

Esi simboko siqwalasela isimo seelwimi ngokubhekiselele kwintlungu. Ukuba ukubethetha kolwimi kusekufutshane nawe, ke isandi sibhekisela kwizibhenqo zenyuka phezulu, ukuba zikwimeko ekude kakhulu ukusuka kwintlungu, ngoko ke isezantsi. Ukuba ulwimi lusezingeni eliphakathi, lithetha izandi zesikhalazo esiphakamileyo.

Siza kugqiba ukuba ziphakamisa izikhalazi zesiRashiya zezi:

[A] - ngezantsi;

[E], [o] - ithetha;

[Kwaye], [ы], [у] - phezulu.

Esi sibonakaliso kunye nokwahlula kunokukhunjulwa ngokulula.

Izandi kunye neencwadi

Njengoko sele kuthethwe ngazo, kukho iilwimi ezilithandathu kuphela, kodwa zichazwe ziileta ezilishumi kule leta. Makhe sixoxe ngeziphi iilwimi zezandi ezizenziwayo kwiRashiya.

Isandi [a] singadlulisela iileta ezilandelayo: "a", "I" (phonetically [ya]). Ngokubhekisele kwi-phoneme [o], ngoko kwileta ichazwa ngokuthi "o" kunye "e" (phonetically [yo]). I-Labialized [y] inokuthumela iileta ezimbini "y" kunye "yu" (phonetically [yy]). Kuyafana okufanayo malunga nesandi [e]: singabonakaliswa ngetekisi "e" kunye "e" (fonetiki [ye]).

Ezinye izandi ezimbini [kunye] kunye [kunye] zichongwa ngetekisi enye - "kunye" kunye "kunye" ngokulandelanayo. Yonke into ebizwa ngokuba yi-vowel letters: a, o, y, y, e, y, e, e, u, u.

Umyalelo weTranscription

Abafundi abaninzi, nabafundi beyunivesiti, nabo, kufuneka bajongane nemisebenzi enjengokubhalwa kwamagama. Cinga i-algorithm, egxininisa kwiimpawu zentetho yesandla.

Umyalelo wemisebenzi yalolu hlobo lulandelayo:

1. Bhala igama kwifom enikezelwa yona.

2. Ngaphezu koko, kuyimfuneko ukufumana ukuba yiziphi iileta "izikhalazi", kwaye yiyiphi enye ingumngcipheko. Oko kukuthi, kufuneka ubeke uxinzelelo.

3. Hlukanisa igama kwiilwimi. Kule nto sinakho izandi zeseyile ezifanayo.

4. Sirekhoda ukubhaliselwa kwefowuni yegama, ngokuqwalasela isikhundla sesibini kunye nezilwanyana ezilumkileyo kwigama, ukuhluka kwazo (umzekelo, kwisimo esingathintekiyo [o] sinokuzwakala ngathi [a].

5. Bhala phantsi zonke iileta kwikholam.

6. Qinisekisa ukuba zeziphi izandi okanye izandi zokubala ezibonisa ileta ethile, kwaye ubhale le nkcukacha kwikholam ephikisanayo.

7. Chaza iimpawu zesandi. Apha asinakuhlala kwisigcaziso sezandi ezilumkileyo, siza kugxininisa kuphela ngezandla. Kwisithethe sesikolo, kuphela isikhundla sesandi ngokubhekiselele kwingcinezelo (ukutshatyalaliswa okanye ukunyanzeliswa) kubonisiwe. Kwiiyunivesithi, kwiikholeji ze-philological, ukongeza, inani kunye nokuphakama kuboniswe, kunye nokufumaneka kokuqhayisa.

8. Isinyathelo sokugqibela kukubala inani leencwadi kunye nezandi kwigama elihlalutyiweyo.

Njengoko uyakubona, akukho nto inzima. Ukuba ungathandabuzeki umbhalo wokubhaliweyo, unako ukuwuhlola rhoqo usebenzisa isichazamazwi se-orthoepic.

Izigqibo

Kukho izandi ezithandathu zesiRashiya, ezihambelana neetekisi ezilishumi zealfabhethi kwileta. Ezi zandi, njengezinye iifonem, zizo izitena ezivela kuzo iiyunithi ezixhasayo. Siyabulela kwizandi esichaza amagama, kuba ukutshintsha kwesandi esinye sinokutshintsha ngokupheleleyo intsingiselo yabo kwaye ibe yimiba ehluke ngokupheleleyo.

Ngoko, sifunde ukuba "iileta" ziyikhenksi: ukutshitshiswa nokunyanzeliswa, ukukhwabanisa. Bafumanisa ukuba i-vowel nganye inempawu ezinjenge-series kunye nokuphakamisa, zifunde ukwenza i-fonotic transcription. Ukongeza, safumanisa ukuba isayensi ifunda izandi zesandi.

Siyathemba ukuba le ngcaciso ayiyi kuba luncedo kubafundi kuphela, kodwa nakwabafundi bee-philological faculties.