Idolophu Mirny (Yakutia): emgodini diamond. Imbali, iinkcazelo, iifoto

Kumaxesha Soviet, loo mmandla welizwe lethu yakhiwa inani elaneleyo izixeko, uninzi lwazo ngabo kuphela izisombululo zayo zokuhlala indawo kunye nokusetyenziswa engineering ngokwenene. Injalo kwidolophu Mirny (Yakutia). Quarry imigodi diamond, nto leyo ibekwe imida yayo, yenye ebalulekileyo yehlabathi lanamhlanje, ekubeni eyenza kunye ubungakanani bayo, nkqu iingcali akwa.

"Pipe woxolo"

Ngendlela ukuthetha, ngendlela yenzululwazi ambiwa - ". The World" "umbhobho kimberlite", leyo ibizwa isihloko Esi sixeko wabonakala emva ukufunyanwa kunye nophuhliso ekuqaleni, yaye, ke ngoko, igama lakhe imbeko yakhe. Enkwalini yi nzulu yenzeka kweemitha 525 kanye ububanzi of malunga 1.3 km! Yena kimberlite umbhobho kwasekwa kumaxesha amandulo, xa kwelingaphantsi iplanethi yethu ngesantya kwaqhambuka mlilo kunye neegesi ashushu mlilo. Kwicandelo, oko kufana ngeglasi okanye cone. Ngenxa ngamandla okukhulu dubulo, ukusuka Umhlaba waphoswa kimberlite - iliwa ebizwa ngokuba equlethe iidayimane zendalo.

Igama weli livela igama idolophu yoMzantsi Afrika ka KwelaBathwa. Kukho nedayimani nobunzima 17 grams eyafumanekayo 1871, kwaze oko kwakhokelela emaphandleni ngomkhukula okungalawulekilyo wawagalela abafuna kunye kubahloli evela ehlabathini lonke. Njengokuba kakuhle kwakukho isixeko yethu Mirny (Yakutia)? Quarry - sisiseko bembonakalo yayo.

Njengoko yafunyanwa yeyam

Phakathi-Juni 1955, zokuma yiSoviet e Yakutia babefuna imizila kimberlite bawufikela loo larch uwileyo, iingcambu zayo vyvorocheny lomhlaba inkanyamba enamandla. Oku wemvelo 'blank "wathabatha impungutye, xa kusembiwa umngxuma apho. Kuye wakhonza kuthi endaweni elungileyo; umbala ziingcali umhlaba waqonda ukuba den impungutye le kimberlite enkulu.

E Moscow, yena wathumela ngoko nangoko umyalezo radio enekhowudi: "yalikhanyisa umbhobho yoxolo, icuba esemagqabini!" Nje kweentsuku ezimbalwa entlango wasolula kwiikholam enkulu izixhobo zokwakha. yokuba esi sixeko kuvele Mirnyi (Yakutia) Oko. Quarry kwafuneka ukuphuhlisa phantsi kweemeko ezinzima. Omnye uye kuphela ukuba ukujonga emhadini iqhwa ukuqonda umda ozukileyo umsebenzi owenziwa apha!

Abathunywa abasuka eMzantsi Afrika

Ukuba atyhudise iimitha ezininzi permafrost, oko kwakufuneka ukusebenzisa amashumi amawaka eetoni iziqhushumbisi eziphakamileyo. Sele 60s kwinkulungwane yokugqibela endle waqalisa ngcembe ukunika obunzima buziikhilogram ezimbini, iidayimani, yaye kungabi ngaphantsi kwe 1/5 kubo umgangatho wabo obalaseleyo kwaye kuthunyelwa koovimba izacholo emva ahlabayo. Amatye eziseleyo ngokubanzi esetyenziswa kwishishini eSoviet.

Intsimi iyakhula ngokukhawuleza ukwenzela ukuba inkampani eMzantsi Afrika Iimayini zegolide ndanyanzeleka nje ukuthenga ezo dayimani shaft eSoviet nje ukuphepha amaxabiso noshishino ehlabathini. Iinkokeli wombutho bafaka isicelo utyelelo kwidolophu Mirny (Yakutia). Quarry hit nabo, ukuba bahlala kuphela apho ixesha elifutshane ...

Tricks industrial

Urhulumente waseSoviet wavuma, kodwa afuna quo Quid pro - ukuya kwi entsimini eMzantsi Afrika ukuba iingcali Soviet. Ukunikezela evela Afrika wafika eMoscow ... kwaye isalityaziswa kakhulu, ngokuba iindwendwe zisoloko abaqalise umgidi. Xa iingcali ekugqibeleni safika kwidolophu Mirny, kukho ukubukela lomsebenzi abaye baba ngaphezu kwemizuzu eyi-20.

Kodwa wabona bonke bephela bamangaliswa ngokulinganayo engundoqo. Ngokomzekelo, nje iindwendwe ndandingenakho nokulicingela iteknoloji wokombiwa kwedayimani ngaphandle ukusetyenziswa kwamanzi. Nangona kunjalo, akukho nto ayimangalisi kwi Yakut iimeko zemozulu kuba asiyiyo: kwindawo phantse ezisixhenxe iinyanga zonyaka limi lobushushu ziingqele, yaye permafrost yokuqhula akuyomfuneko ngayo. Kwindawo eyingozi ngumzi ezizezoxolo lwakho! Ubunzulu emhadini kukuba xa ufuna ungenza nokuba amalungiselelo ulwandle elincinane.

Imbali Emfutshane kwimveliso

Ukususela kowe-1957 ukusa kowama-2001, idayimani ukuba geni imali engaphezu kwe $ 17 billion. Quarry kufutshane nedolophu Mirny eSiberia kwinkqubo yokuphuhlisa kwandiswa ukuze ukusuka ezantsi ukuya kumphezulu ubude indlela kwiilori yaba ngeekhilomitha ezisibhozo kude. Kuyaqondakala ukuba ngo-2001 i-idipozithi lo akakhange azisebenzise: lokumba diamond umhadi evulekileyo kuba yingozi kakhulu. Izazinzulu baye bakwazi ukufunda ukuba ophilayo ukuba ubunzulu ngaphezu kokuba ngekhilomitha, kwaye kwezi meko kufuneka emgodini elide komhlaba. By the ukuthetha indlela, wafika amandla ayo uyilo nesigidi okulahlwayo ekrwada ngo-2012. Namhlanje, iingcali zikholelwa ukuba ekuphuhliseni le dipozithi ikhethekileyo ibe omnye engama-35 (malunga).

Ezinye iingxaki le ndawo

Ntaka flying phezu ambiwa kuyo engaqondanga ngokuthe ngqo, njengoko moya enjalo - ukufa ezithile kwemoto kunye nqanawa. Imithetho physics ukuphosela nje usiwe ezantsi ambiwa kuyo. Xa iindonga eziphakamileyo ityhubhu olungabuy mfutshane kakhulu: akukho kungenzeka ghost ukuba ngenye imini kwemvula kunye nokhukhuliseko iya kukhokelela ukuyilwa ukudilika esinombala ukuba ukuzikisa ngokupheleleyo kwidolophu Mirny (Yakutia). Umsebenzi othe ifoto kwi iphepha kwakhona kusetyenziselwa iinjongo ekuthiwa oku njengephupha. Sithetha malunga indlela yokudala emngxunyeni Titanic kwisixeko eyodwa elizayo.

"City of the Future": iphupha or eyenzekayo?

Inkokeli yale projekthi waqeshwa UNikolai Lyutomsky. I enzima yomsebenzi ezizayo - ukudala isakhiwo cyclopean eziphathekayo, nto leyo ayiyi kuphela qinisa iindonga ambiwa kuyo; kodwa uya zivuthelana, ngokubonelela amandla longeziwe. Oku kuya kuba inomtsalane kubakhenkethi emangalisayo, nto leyo eya kuqhayisa kuphela isixeko zoxolo!

Quarry, iifoto apho kungabonwa kwisaveyi, kulindeleke ukuba zivale phezulu kwawo ngaphaya, luphahlwe iiphaneli yelanga ziya kufakwa. Kakade ke, isimo sezulu Yakutia ezinzima kakhulu, kodwa ukunqongophala iintsuku enelanga. Energy lubonisa ukuba unyaka kuphela uya kuba nako ukuvelisa ibhetri ubuncinane 200 MW amandla. Okokugqibela, kuya kuba lula ukuba uthathe ithuba ukufudumala langa ngokwaso.

Inyaniso kukuba ebusika, le ndawo epholiswa ukuya -60 degrees Celsius. Yeah, kunzima ukuba umona ukuba abo Kokukabani na umzi ekhaya ukuya Uxolo (Yakutia). Quarry, ethi ichaphazele ifoto, promorazhivaetsya ngokufanayo, kodwa kuphela kubunzulu kweemitha ezili-150. Ngezantsi - ngokusisigxina zero lobushushu. Emzini lwekamva bekumele ukuba yahlulwe ngokukhawuleza kwimiqolo ezintathu. Udandathekile ofuna ukukhula iimveliso zolimo, nge-avareji, kulindeleke ukuba bamakishe indawo epheleleyo-ezidolophini.

Inxalenye eliphezulu - indawo zokuhlala abantu, ukongeza zokuhlala kuya kubakho ii-ofisi, amaziko kwezolonwabo njalo njalo. Ukuba isicwangciso yokwakha kuphunyezwa ngokupheleleyo, indawo isixeko uya kuba 'izikwere "nezigidi ezithathu. Ngelo xesha kwabakho inokuthatha ukuya ku amawaka-10 zabantu. Malunga 36 amawaka abemi besixeko ngokwayo ngoxolo (Yakutia). Quarry, ubunzulu leyo malunga nesiqingatha sekhilomitha, iya kubavumela ukuba baphumle kakuhle, hayi le iphaphazela kumazwe akude.

Olunye ulwazi ngale projekthi "Ecocity"

Ekuqaleni, lo msebenzi wanikwa igama "Ecocity 2020", kodwa namhlanje kucacile ukuba umhla ekujoliswe kuwo ukuphumeza oko akuzi kusebenza. Hi ndlela leyi, yintoni na eza kwakhelwa kwaphela? Abemi mbandela: iinyanga ezintlanu kuphela umnyaka iimeko zabo zokuphila ngaphezulu okanye ngaphantsi kunxibelelana ngomlinganiselo obutofotofo, kwaye abanye ixesha lokudla kwabo ubomi kwiqondo lobushushu ukuba ivamile ngenxa Arctic Antarctica. ISixeko kuza kubavumela ukuba bakhululeke ngalo naliphi na ixesha lonyaka, basking elangeni, yaye amandla emveliso iifama ezinkulu akayi kufuneka ilityalwe: bonke abahlali kunye nabakhenkethi baza kubonelelwa ngaphezu vitamin kwi iziqhamo kunye nemifuno.

Kumanqanaba asezantsi kufumana intabalala yokukhanya embindini imayini kulindeleke ukuba zihlale kwakulayitwa enobubanzi omkhulu. Ukongeza solar, apho ukusebenza nangoku imibuzo ngokwaneleyo (kunye ubunzima kunye ufakelo), ezinye iinjineli kunika ukhetho zokwakha amandla enyukliya. Namhlanje, konke oku ukuba izicwangciso kufiphale kancinane kakhulu. Ndingathanda ukuba nethemba ukuba isixeko Mirny Diamond Mine eyaziwa kulo lonke ihlabathi liya kuba bekhululekile ngakumbi ukuhlala abantu kuyo.

olunika umdla wokombiwa kwedayimani

Njengokuba besesitshilo, kwi 60s yonyaka apha yayiveliswa ukuya obunzima buziikhilogram ezimbini, iidayimani, kunye yesihlanu kubo esemgangathweni ophezulu gem. Per kwitoni esikrwada accounted for ukuya gram izinto ehlambulukileyo ekrwada, naphakathi nasemaweni kwakukho abaninzi beza kuba processing izacholo. Namhlanje ngetoni nganye ore nganye kufuneka malunga 0.4 grams yeedayimane.

Le diamond inkulu

Ekupheleni kukaDisemba 1980 lelona Diamond Mine likhulu kwimbali yonke wafunyanwa apha. Le ngxilimbela, zalishumi 68 grams, wamkela isihloko ezukileyo «XXVI Congress of the CPSU."

Xa imveliso layekwa evulekileyo?

Xa "akugqiba off 'uxolo? Diamond Mine ingozi zokuphuhlisa 1990, xa imveliso bafikelela nobunzulu leemitha 525. Ezantsi emhadini kwana. Yeyona "ihlabathi" liye laba diamond emhadini sikhulu kwilizwe lethu. Ukukhutshwa ubukho kangangeminyaka engaphezu kwama-44. De kube lelo xesha, imveliso wakhokela inkampani "Sakha", ingeniso yonyaka oluthe lwagqitha $ 600 million. Namhlanje, imayini ubaleka "Alrosa". Lo corporation yenye abavelisi diamond sikhulu ehlabathini.

Nini ingcamango emgodini closed?

Kakade Ukwakhiwa kwetonela yokuqala yaqalwa ngo-1970, njengoko bonke baqonda nakwenzeka ngokuqhubekayo kwemigodi open-emhadini. Kodwa ngokusisigxina, le ndlela watshintshelwa ngo-1999 kuphela. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, kuyaziwa ukuba kusekho ophilayo kubunzulu yeemitha 1200. Kusenokuba nako ukufumana iidayimani kunye enzulu.

Oku yindlela izinto zizityebi Yakutia: Mirny, wokumbiwa apho Usigxadazelise nganye - enye imithombo ntle yesizwe. Diamonds ukuba misela ukuba akukho, hamba nje kuphela iimfuno zeenkampani fashion, kodwa ngenxa ukuveliswa ezahlukeneyo izixhobo ezimbaxa kunye neendlela.