I-Thromboembolism yeziphumo eziphantsi: izizathu ezinokwenzeka, iimpawu kunye nempawu zonyango

Inkqubo yokujikeleza yomntu ifana kakhulu nomthi, apho imirhobho emikhulu iyimitha yamapulmonary kunye ne-aorta, kunye nemithambo encinane yegazi isebenza njengamagatsha. Ngenxa yobuqili bomzimba ngamnye kunye neemeko ezininzi, ubuninzi begazi eligeleza kwiimvini zihlukile kubo bonke. Ingozi kukuba i-blood clots ingafaka kwimithambo yegazi ngenxa yokuphuhliswa kwe-thromboembolism. Yintoni i-thromboembolism yamagqabi aphantsi, zeziphi izizathu zokuvela kwayo, kwaye zeziphi iimpawu kunye neempawu zokonyango kwesi sifo, cinga ngakumbi.

Yintoni i-thromboembolism

I-Thromboembolism yisifo esingenayo ngokwaneleyo. Kuvela njengomphumo weziganeko ezahlukeneyo zomzimba emzimbeni, obangela ukubunjwa kwe-thrombi.

I-Thromboembolism yinto yokutsalwa kwegazi ngomkhumbi we-thrombus ophazamisayo kwindawo apho wenziwa khona waza wangena kwigazi elijikelezayo. I-clot yegazi eyenziwa ngenxa yokusebenza kwenkqubo ye-blood coagulation, kwaye ingaba yimpendulo yomonakalo kwindonga yesitya. I-clot ibimbela ukuhamba kwegazi kwinqanawa njengekork, kwaye ngenxa yoko-uphuhliso lwe-ischemia.

Uninzi lwentsholongwane lukhula kwimithanjeni engezantsi, kwaye oku kuyingozi yokwenziwa kwe-thromboembolism yemithambo ye-pulmonary, i-aorta, kunye nokuphazamiseka kweempahla kwiindawo ezikhohlo zesifo senhliziyo.

I-Thromboembolism inobungozi ngokuyinhloko kuba inokubangela ukuphuhliswa kwe-gangrene yamaphethelo.

Izizathu ze-thromboembolism

Ukuphazamiseka kokuhamba kwegazi kwimibhobho yemigangatho engaphantsi kubangela ukuba izifo zengqondo ezinomdla, zandisa ingozi yegazi, zibangela i-95% yezizathu zonke. Oku kubandakanya izifo:

• Cardiomyopathy.
• Iintsilelo zeentliziyo.
• I-fibrillation ye-Atrial.
• Ukugqithisa ukujikeleza kwegazi kwisisu senhliziyo.
• I-Rheumatism neyokulwa nentliziyo ye-valvular.
• Atherosclerosis.
• Aneurysms yeenqwelo zeentliziyo.
• I-Endocarditis isisifo-esichengeni.

Kwakhona kukho nezinye izizathu ezinokuthi zenze igalelo ekuphuhliseni i-thromboembolism yamacandelo aphantsi:

• Ukulimala kwemilenze.
• Izifo ezahlukahlukeneyo zegazi.
• Izifo eziqhelekileyo.
• I swekile yegazi.
• Ukubambisana okukhulu kwegazi.
• Izifo ze-oncological.
• Ifom ye-varicose.
• Ukusetyenziswa okugqithisileyo nokungalunganga kwamachiza.

Ngenxa yeemeko, i-thromboembolism yeempahla zecala eliphantsi likhula. Kuloo nto eyenzekayo:

• Ukubunjwa kweenguqu zegazi, i-viscosity yayo iyanda.
• Ukuphuma kwegazi kuhamba ngeempahla kunye nemithanjeni.
• Ukulimala kwiindonga zemithambo yegazi.

Amaqela engozi

Kufanelekile ukuthetha amagama ambalwa malunga nabo basengozini. Kuloluhlu lwezigulane ukuba i-thromboembolism yeetriyiti zeepantsi zithuba linethuba elikhulu lophuhliso. Eli qela liquka:

• Basebenzi beeofisi.
• Abantu abaphethwe yi-hypodynamia.
• Ukusebenza kwindawo enye kulo lonke usuku.
• Izigulane ezisebenzayo kwimveliso, apho kusebenza nzima umzimba.

Kwaye kwindawo yokubeka ingozi iyawa:

• Abantu abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-55.
• Ukukhulelwa.
• Abantu abambene.
• Ukudlulelwa kwesifo sokugula.
• Ukungenelela okutyalwayo.
• Ukuthabatha i-hormonal contraceptive.

Kwakhona ndifuna ukugxininisa ukuba i-thromboembolism yeemvini zecala eliphantsi lidlalwa rhoqo kwiintandane zecuba. Ukubhema kwandisa amathuba okuphuma kwegazi.

Amanyathelo okuphuhliswa kwesifo

Kukho amanyathelo amane okuphuhlisa i-thromboembolism yamacandelo angaphantsi.

1. Ekuphumleni, isiguli asikho izikhalazo. Ngomthwalo kwimilenze engezantsi, ngamanye amaxesha unomvakalelo obunzima kwimilenze kunye nentlungu embalwa. Ukubuyisela ngokukhawuleza emva kokuphumla.
2. Umsebenzi wemoto ugcinwa. Kukho ukuvuvukala, intlungu enzima, ukulahleka kobuzwe besikhumba. Imisongo iphendukile, ibanda.
3. I-Iskemia yezicubu zikhula. Ukufika kutshintsho ezi-3 iiyure. Kule meko kukho iintlungu ezinzima, akukho pulse kunye novelwano. Emva kweeyure ezingama-6, ukungahambi kwamalungu kuya kujoyina.
4. Iinkqubo ezingenakubuyiselwa. Ukuphuhliswa kweengqumbo, ukubonakala kwimibala emdaka.

Zonke ezi nkqubo ziphuthuma ngokukhawuleza, ngoko kufuneka ukuba wazi ukuba zeziphi iimpawu zesifo se-thromboembolism esezantsi. Makhe siwaqwalasele.

Iimpawu zesifo

Musa ukuwahoywa iimeko ezilandelayo:

• Ukuvakalelwa kweenyawo kwintshatsha.
• Intlungu ebuhlungu kwimilenze, ebonakala ingalindelekanga.
• Ubuthathaka kwimilenze, engavumeli ukunyakaza okukhululekile.
• Ubungqina emilenzeni, ukubetha.
• Imisipha yomzimba, iincampu kwimilenze.
• Ukuzwela kwingingqi ye-shin, unyawo okanye intamo ayinakunceda.
• Ikhumba libala kwaye libandayo.
• Akukho ukutsalwa kweemithwalo yegazi.

Iimpawu ezinjalo kufuneka ziqaphele. Ukuba kukho kakade i-varicose insufficiency, oko kungenza inxaxheba ekuphuhliseni i-thromboembolism.

Into ephambili ayikuphelelwa ixesha kwaye ufumane uncedo ngokukhawuleza, njengoko izicubu zifa ngokukhawuleza.

Ukuchonga esi sifo

Yiyiphi indlela yokuxilonga kufuneka isetyenziswe kuxhomekeke kwindawo yokukhubazeka.

Xa kukhankanywa kwe-thromboembolism, iindlela ezilandelayo zenzululwazi zisetyenziswa:

• Ukumisela kweD-dimer. Isiboniso ngaphakathi kwemida yolawulo ngokuqhelekileyo singabandakanyi ukubambisana.
• I-Ultrasound yemida ekudlulileyo. Ngelo xesha, i-thrombi yeemvini zepheripha iboniswe.
• Angiography.
• CT kunye neMRI. Vumela ukucacisa ukwakheka kwe-thrombus kunoma yiphi indawo. Esebenzisa kakhulu umngcipheko we-PE kunye ne-thromboembolism kwifom enzima.
• I-ECG ye-ultrasound kunye ne-cardiac.
• Imifanekiso yesikhumba. Isetshenziselwa i-PE ecatshulwayo.

Ukuhlolwa okupheleleyo, ukuhlolwa kwegazi jikelele, umchamo kunye nezinye iimvavanyo zimiselwe ukuba zingabandakanyi ezinye izifo.

Uncedo olukhawulezileyo lokukhankanya i-thromboembolism

I-Thromboembolism yeziphelo ezingezantsi sisifo esiyingozi kwaye esibi. Ukuba ukrokrela ukukhutshwa kwemithambo yegazi, isiguli kufuneka siphuthumele esibhedlele. Izenzo mazibe zilandelayo:

1. Ukubonelela ngesigulane ngesimo esingenanto.
2. Ukuphelisa ukunyakaza nokuhamba.
3. Ukuthotyelwa kokuphumla kombhede.

Ukuba imeko imbi, xa kuyimfuneko, kwiziko lempilo phantsi kolawulo logqirha, le mi sebenzi ilandelayo:

• Beka i-cathéter kwindawo.
• Ukuqhuba umoya wokufakelwa umoya.
• Faka i-oksijini ngokusebenzisa i-catheter yangasese.

La machiza alandelayo asetyenziswa:

• "Heparin".
• Dopamine.
• «Reopolyklyukin».
• "Eufillin."
• Antibiotics.
• Anesthetics.

Indlela yokuphatha i-thromboembolism

Ukufumana unyango olusebenzayo, kubalulekile ukutyelela ingcali ngokukhawuleza xa kunokwenzeka ukuba kukho ukusola kwesifo esinjenge-thromboembolism yeengalo ezisezantsi. Unyango kufuneka ube olubanzi.

Okokuqala, ugqirha uya kunika izidakamizwa ze-antiticoagulant, ezinceda ukucutha igazi. Kwakhona kuyimfuneko ukuphumeza unyango kwisifo esabangela ukuphuhliswa kwezofo.

Phantse ihlala isetyenziselwa i-painkillers, iziyobisi ezichasayo.

Uthe unyango lwe-Thrombolytic lwenziwa. Sebenzisa amayeza anjalo:

• "Heparin".
• "Tinzaparin."
• "Ukrokinase."
• Streptokinase.
• Fraksiparin.

Ezi ziyobisi zilawulwa nge-intravenously iintsuku ezili-10. Ngelo xesha, ukulandelwa rhoqo kwe-coagulability yegazi kuyimfuneko - nganye ntsuku yeentsuku. Kwakhona, "iWarfarin" imiselwe kwiipilisi. Eli mayeza anokumiselwa ukusetyenziswa kuwo wonke unyaka. Iziyobisi ze-Antispastic ezichasene nezipastiki ziboniswa.

Ulwaphulo kufuneka lujolise ekubuyiseleni izicubu kunye nokuphucula ukuhamba kwegazi kwizitho ezingaphantsi.

Ukuba unyango aluniki umphumo oyifunayo, kungenelelo olungenelelo luyafuneka. Ukususwa kwe-thrombus kwisikhumba kuninzi kubakho ngokukhutshwa kwamarriyiti wesifazane kunye ne- popliteal. I-Thrombectomy ingenziwa kwiimeko eziphuthumayo, xa kucaca ukuba unyango aluyi kusebenza.

Emva kokusebenza, isigulane singaphantsi kolawulo logqirha, ngelixa ukulawula ukunyuka kwegazi kwiinqanawa, umsebenzi wokuzilinganisa ngokomzimba uboniswa kumanyathelo okuqala.

Ukuthintela i-thromboembolism yeziphumo eziphantsi

Ukuba ukukhutshwa kwemibhobho sele iyenzeka, kuyimfuneko:

• Landela iingcebiso zegqirha.
• Ngokufanelekileyo uthathe imithi echanekileyo.
• Ngexesha elifanelekileyo, uphatha izifo ezandisa ingozi yokuphuhlisa i-thrombosis.
• Ngokuqhelekileyo yenza i-ultrasound yemithanjeni yemilenze kunye neentsimbi.
• Gqoka iingubo zangaphantsi.
• Musa ukuchitha ixesha elide kwisithuba esinye.
• Yiya kwimidlalo.
• Musa ukuphakamisa izisindo.
• Yeka ukutshaya.
• Ukuhambelana nesondlo esifanelekileyo.
• Phuza kakhulu amanzi.

Abasetyhini akufanele bathathe i-contraceptive ye-hormone ixesha elide baze bahambe ngeetoni eziphezulu ezikhethiweyo usuku lonke.

Ukunamathela kwiingcebiso kunye nokuphila ngendlela enempilo kunokunciphisa kakhulu umngcipheko wokuphuhlisa isifo esinobungozi njengengxondorha ye-thromboembolism yemigangatho ephantsi.