CMR-waybill: ugcwalisa isampulu. Kungekwamthwalo namkhombe elikwizinga lamazwe ngamazwe

Okwangoku, ingqalelo kakhulu ihlawulwe ukuthutha iimpahla phakathi kwamazwe amabini. Kuyinto zisenzeka, kwaye umbuzo oko CMR-waybill (ukugcwalisa ipatheni kuya kwenziwa kwinqaku). Lo mbuzo siza kuqwalasela aze azame ukuqwalasela zonke bokuqonda.

Yintoni na?

Phantsi CMR usho waybill yamazwe ngamazwe, nto leyo uyinxenye kwisibhengezo amasiko. Ukuba isigqibo ewela umda karhulumente kunye nayiphi na impahla yorhwebo, uxwebhu kufuneka kwenjenjalo phambi kwakho. Yintoni CMR-waybill (ukugcwalisa ipatheni iboniswa ngezantsi), ngoku asazi, kodwa ukugcwalisa njani kwaye yintoni features ngayo?

Yiyiphi inkcazelo kuboniswa kuxwebhu ngamazwe?

CMR-Uxwebhu oluhamba kufuneka kwenziwe ngaphandle kwimeko, ukuba izithuthi kwimida eYurophu. Libonisa ulwazi lohlobo zilandelayo:

1. Ulwazi malunga umthumeli leempahla. igama lakhe okanye igama.
2. Idatha malunga yento impahla. igama lakhe okanye igama.
3. Idatha malunga imithwalo leyo emayilandelwe mbo ngapha komda. igama layo ngokupheleleyo kufuneka zicaciswe.
4. Ubunzima umthwalo leyo ukuthutha.

CMR-waybill (ukugcwalisa ipatheni zingabonakala ngasentla), ukongeza, inokuba liqulathe ezinye iinkcukacha:

1. Into yokuba akukho mfuneko ukuzithwalisa imithwalo.
2. Zonke iintlawulo linegunya, okufanele kwenze.
3. Ngomhla udibaniso zonke iintlawulo ekufuneka ihlawulwe ngexesha lonikezelo.
4. Of ixabiso elipheleleyo kubhekezwe iimpahla umthwalo.
5. Kwi ixesha, apho umthumeli kufuneka enze le mpahla.
6. Ngomhla we-inshorensi imithwalo.
7. Uluhlu onke amaxwebhu ukuba idluliselwe ngqo yenethiwekhi.

Yintoni kufuneka bakhokelwe ngexesha yokuzaliswa kwamaxwebhu?

Ukuba ukufeza ukuthutha imithwalo leyo kufuneka ukunqumla imida yesizwe, i-CMR-waybill (ukugcwalisa ipatheni unalo), kufuneka unikeze zonke kwamanqaku afunekayo. Ngexesha zokufumana ebutyebini Umthunywa uya balusayine. Nantso ke into engqina ukuba iimpahla Beyamkele, ngoko, ukuziswa ke yagqitywa.

Makulandelwe le nkqubo ilandelayo xa kuzaliswa kunye nefom form CMR-waybill evunywe yi-Convention, abawabelwayo Ministry of Transport and Communications. Olu xwebhu sisixhobo ukuphunyezwa komthetho abucala amazwe ngamazwe, ezivunywe ngo-1956. It oqondela-siseko engundoqo ummiselo imithwalo zokuhamba ngamazwe qho zezivumelwano.

Loo Convention iqulethe imithetho ekufuneka izaliswe CMR-waybill. Ngokuhambisana ngokupheleleyo nale Convention xa impahla ezithutha na eRashiya, eUkraine, Belarus kunye namanye amazwe elizwekazi yaseYurophu.

iintlobo ezikhoyo invoyisi

Kumhlathi wokuqala lwemiyalelo, umisela ekunene wokugcwalisa oyilwayo, uthi kulawulo iimpahla kunye nokubhaliswa namaxwebhu afanelekileyo kwimeko imithwalo ngamazwe ezakusebenziswa loo mithetho, nezavunywa umthetho okanye ezo fixes imithetho kwilizwe umthumeli. Ngokuhambelana nale sinokugqiba ukuba akukho akukho mahluko oko uhlobo CMR-Uxwebhu oluhamba kufuneka kukhethwe, - ecaciswe isigqibo okanye ilizwe umthumeli.

Ngubani na ukuthenga?

Kuwo kumhlathi wesibini imiyalelo kumele ukuba CMR consignment note zingathengwa yi keli, forwarders kwempahla, abathwali. bekufunwa lilawulwa ikhontrakthi kwisithuthi.

Le sethi Inani amaphepha e waybill International

Umhlathi wesibini imiyalelo elawula uxwebhu lobhaliso luqulethe ulwazi kwifom invoyisi ingaba ziingxaki anazo kumaphepha amaninzi, bavame ukuba akukho iziqwenga ngaphezulu kwe-10. sheets anjalo angaquka iigrafu, ezo ezingafanelekanga zizaliswe. Bona eziprintiweyo ezingamaphepha kunye iimpawu self-phindana kwaye babe parameters ezifunekayo, ezifana akhawunti kunye nenombolo series. Umthumeli kufuneka ubhale i-invoyisi kule hlobo amaphepha ubuncinane amane. Baye igama zabo, nto leyo eyabelwe ngendlela ubume bendalo. Amagama amaphepha ezine zokuqala zilandelayo:

1. Bill of kungekwamthwalo namkhombe, nto leyo idluliselwe umthumeli.
2. An Umzekelo ethunyelwayo kumamkeli.
3. Olu xwebhu, apho igcinwa yenethiwekhi.
4. Khuphela ukuba izibalo.

Oku kufunwa yi imigaqo elawula yezothutho yendlela ngamazwe.

Ulwazi ekufuneka kuluhlu qho mandatory

amaxwebhu aseleyo iqanjwa CMR-waybill igama lakhe ayinayo. Njengoko kukhankanyiwe ngasentla, okokuqala kufuneka ibe ngumthumeli impahla. Eli phepha kuqinisekisa zimpahla nokuba iqela wenze zonke izibalo eziyimfuneko.

Iphepha lesibini nesesithathu kufuneka luqulathe print ubungqina kunye nomsayino umthumeli. Zombini ezi makhishithi kufuneka luqulathe yoshicilelo, nesayinwe ngamaqela, ukuthuthwa kweempahla.

Umamkeli kufuneka sihlale kwiphepha yesibini. umqhubi Carrier sidlule ukuba umntu oza kufumana impahla. Eli phepha siqinisekisa ukugqitywa yokusiwa nokwamkelwa impahla.

Amaphepha yesithathu neyesine kufuneka ekugqibeleni uhlale nkampani nowenziwa izithuthi kwindlela yamazwe ngamazwe. Bobabini amaphepha kufuneka Utyikityo kunye itywina omabini amaqela - umthumeli umamkeli. Eli phepha lwesine sisiseko izibalo ezilandelayo ezifunekayo. Umntu ophethe ukufaka kwi akhawunti efanayo ukuze kuqhutywe wenqwelwana ngayo umyalezo kumamkeli, aze ayithumele umntu yayalela nenqwelwana. Yeyona umhlawuli zokuthutha umthengi.

Iphepha lesithathu xwebhu kufuneka iqhotyoshelwe izikhewu hambo, yaye oko kuya kuba sisiseko ingqalelo zonke kwiinkonzo zothutho ziye zanikezelwa. Eli phepha liza kusetyenziselwa ukubala umvuzo, ekufuneka kufumana yenethiwekhi iinkonzo zabo. Kwenzeka ukuba, inani Kwiimeko kweemakhishithi ezinjalo besukelana ezimakhulu mabini. Oku kubangelwa yinto yokuba yenethiwekhi ukunikezela isixa esikhulu kwempahla kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo kumamkeli.

Yintoni kusafuneka kungekwamthwalo namkhombe elikwizinga lamazwe ngamazwe?

Ukuzalisa ezi amaphepha asele

Ezi makhishithi eseleyo kufuneka ivalwe ize isayinwe amaqela amabini - lophethe kunye umthumeli. Amaxwebhu edatha Yenzelwe ukuba abasemagunyeni amasiko. Inani labo ngqo kusengaphambili iimeko apho ukuthuthwa eziphathekayo. Ukuba iimpahla kufuneka zisiwe abamkeli abaninzi, ngamnye kubo ukuba ugcwalise ikopi eyahlukileyo ye-invoyisi. Kubonakala ukuba ubuncinane kufuneka ibe amaxwebhu 4 kuhluthiswa. Le amaxwebhu aseleyo izaliswe kwi-imfuno, yaye inani labo kufuneka ifaniswe kwi kweemeko zothutho isigaba ngxoxo. Ngaphezu koko, naliphi na inani sheets ezongeziweyo kubonelelwa. Unga-odola invoyisi ezininzi ngexesha elinye, ukuba ithathe unikezelo ngokwanelisayo rhoqo. Umzekelo, unako-odola i-ovahedi projektha CMR-200. Kuthetha ukuthini loo nto? Yinto elula kakhulu - umntu lowo wayalela kwentloko, ziya kufumana umqulu omnye, uniko manani, iifomu ezimakhulu mabini.

Indlela ngetyala ngamazwe invoyisi ithiwe thaca apha ngasezantsi.

Ulwazi malunga yomamkeli kunye kumthumeli

Imiyalelo ngongoma yesixhenxe elawula ukuvala, yazisa ukuba umba kufuneka ibe nale ngcaciso malunga umthumeli umamkeli kwempahla, ezifana: Igama elipheleleyo, idilesi kunye neenombolo zefowuni. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba igrafu "Phone" inegunya ayikho. Idatha senziwa kuphela phezu ukufumaneka.

Eqhotyoshelwe kule international CMR zintambo inqaku?

Imfuneko ukucacisa amaxwebhu ezongezelelweyo

Le grafu sesihlanu kufuneka iqulathe data kwi namaxwebhu akhaphayo umthwalo. Le consignor unyanzelekile ukuba ucacise kwaye mabaqhoboshele la maxwebhu alandelayo:

1. Ukuba wenza ukuthuthwa izilwanyana (nokuba zasendle okanye abethwe ekhayeni lakhe, bona), okanye impahla ukuba okusuka kwizilwanyana, oko kuyimfuneko ukuba isiqinisekiso lwezilwanyana. Olo isixhobo iyafuneka, kwaye ukuba izithuthi yenziwa feed izilwanyana kwemveliso lwezilwanyana okanye ezinye iimpahla ukuba kweliso lwezilwanyana.
2. Ukuba ukuthutha iimpahla yedwa, ngoko ethunyelweyo CMR ngamazwe kufuneka ikhatshwe isiqinisekiso yedwa.
3. Isiqinisekiso noCoceko kufuneka iqhotyoshelwe kwimeko apho zithutha imithwalo ezichaphazelekayo imvelaphi zezityalo.
4. Shipping incazelo.
5. Certificate of sokuVumelana imveliso mveliso kunye nokutya.
6. isiqinisekiso lemvelaphi.
7. Le mvume ezilungileyo, ukuba ikhona, ayimfuneko.
8. umxokozelo Act.
9. Invoyisi.
   

Ngubani onoxanduva engafanelekanga ebhalwe?

CMR-waybill lizele ngokupheleleyo owakungqina-. Oku akumiselweyo wazo zonke umonakalo kunye neendleko ezinokuvela ukususela yenethiwekhi ngenxa yokuba iphepha izaliswe ngokungachanekanga okanye hayi ngokupheleleyo.

Ukuhanjiswa kwezinto ezinobungozi

Ukuba umdlali ophethe uphumeza ukuthutha iimpahla ukuba abe kwiklasi ethile ingozi, umthumeli kufuneka agcwalise CMR-waybill (yesithandathu Earl). Ukuhlelwa kwezinto ezinobungozi kwenziwa ngokungqinelana nesivumelwano yaseYurophu imithwalo ezinjalo. Ukuba cargo yenye udidi, kwi data igrafu yesithandathu eklasini yayo ngokungqinelana nale zokuhlela ingenziwa.

Ziziphi izinto ozikhethelayo na?

Ukungqinelana umyalelo amabini wesibhozo-elawula zalisa CMR-waybill, iigrafu kunye amanani 19 27-29 kufuneka sizaliswe umthumeli siqulathe ulwazi malunga zinga. Le rate kuba iqhekeza-okanye sivumelwano. Ukongeza kule kufuneka ukhankanye iindleko zothutho. Njengoko yenethiwekhi ezimisele sikhokelwa iziphawuli ezifana umgama lwamaxabiso kunye amaxabiso ngeenkonzo ezongezelelweyo.

Kwimeko apho izithuthi yesivumelwano ngokwendalo, zonke iigrafu ukuba sele kutshiwo ngentla apha, ingakufuni ukugcwaliswa.

Kuthetha ukuthini inshorensi zezothutho

Ifom yempahla CMR kubonisa ukuba iimpahla ziya kuqinisekiswa.

Inshorensi - yinxalenye yemisebenzi yeenkampani benza ukuthuthwa kweempahla phakathi kwamazwe amabini. Yintoni CMR-inshorensi? Ukuba umthengi ufuna inshorensi waba ukubhenqeka, kufuneka thethana ngqo kunye owakungqina-. yena kodwa athathe amanyathelo ukuze kuyilwe inshorensi olongezelelweyo.

Kwimeko ukuba onke amaphepha zizaliswa ngaphandle ngokuchanekileyo, olu hlobo iimpahla ukhuseleko yokugubungela sezomthetho enokuthi yenzeke ngenxa yomonakalo okanye ukutshatyalaliswa abathuthwayo. Inshorensi kuxhomekeka kule ngozi zilandelayo:

1. Umonakalo iimpahla okanye ukutshatyalaliswa yabo epheleleyo.
2. Ukonakala iimpahla yenzekile ngexesha zothutho ngenxa yezenzo kubantu besithathu.
3. Intlawulo yazo zonke iintlawulo kunokwenzeka Customs indalo, iintlobo izohlwayo kunye nezohlwayo ngenxa ukunyhashwa ezinxulumene ngqo ukuphunyezwa imisebenzi yorhwebo lwangaphandle.

Kwinkqubo yokubonelela yokuthutha CMR-waybill noxanduva ukhuseleko elipheleleyo iimpahla ziya kuba inkampani eenqanawa. Ezi mpahla kufuneka zisiwe kubo kwindawo echaziweyo ukothula lomelele. Ukuba kukho isimo esibi okanye iimeko ezingalindelekanga, ngenxa apho iimpahla ayachaphazeleka kunjalo, umonakalo zizonke amanga yenethiwekhi.

isiphelo

Kungenxa yesi sizathu ukuba uninzi abathwali bakhetha Kwathi inkqubo lophethe liability insurance yakhe. Ingaba i-inshorensi CMR 100 inshorensi ngokupheleleyo? Kwaye ntoni olu hlobo yokhuseleko? Yinto elula kakhulu. Ukuba umdlali ophethe iye yakhetha CMR-inshorensi, inikeza ukhuseleko impahla azithuthayo. Yaye ukuba ukhetha olu hlobo inshorensi, njengoko CMR 100, oko kuthetha ukuba imbuyekezo ezilikhulu ekhulwini. Oko kukuthi, ophethe unelungelo lokufumana imbuyekezo epheleleyo umonakalo umthwalo, ukuba oku kwenzeka ngokusebenzisa asilotyala yenethiwekhi.

Siye sabona ngokweenkcukacha waybill CMR ngamazwe. Sinethemba ulwazi luncedo kuwe.