Museum British: iifoto kunye nohlaziyo. The British Museum eLondon: nemiboniso

Musa ngokuphosakeleyo ukuba sithi, mhlawumbi, eyona ethandwa UK Umtsalane woKhanketho i British Museum eLondon. Le yenye nesoovimba ezinkulu ehlabathini. Okumangalisayo kukuba, oko wadalwa ngokuzenzekelayo (kwakunye nezinye yeemyuziyam ezininzi kweli lizwe). isiseko awo lweengqokelela zabucala ezintathu.

KwiMyuziyam yaseBritani ibekwe kwindawo weehektare 6 izakhiwo kwakhiwa iminyaka engaphezu kwekhulu. Bathi ziqulathe imiboniso zonke iinkcubeko ezaziwayo ehlabathini namhlanje. The British Museum eLondon - elinye lamaziko ezimbalwa yaseYurophu eli nqanaba, leyo imiboniso umdla nje kuphela, ezinqabileyo. Isakhiwo kukodwa nje kwimbali nenkcubeko lesikhumbuzo olukhulu.

ngeminyaka kakhulu (250) elidityaniswe ngqo kwimbali lizwe apho iinzululwazi zendalo yachuma. Mhlawumbi loo nto akukho umxhasi kunye artist, ingcali yenzululwazi, semvelo, ngumseki yentlanganiso odumileyo. Sithetha ngalo enkundleni ugqirha lasebukhosini Sir Hans Sloane (1660-1753). Ngexesha ubomi bakhe waza waba nako ukuqokelela i elikhulu ngenkcazo, inzululwazi yendalo kunye nobugcisa imiboniso, emele ixabiso elikhulu.

Museum British: nemiboniso

Olona phawu olwahlula le Museum - kukho iintlobo ezininzi zezinto nemiboniso. yokufuna ulwazi zakudala kunye ngenkcazo emibi ndawonye ne imizobo, izinto iphiko zendalo-science, imibhalo-ngqangi yamandulo, iincwadi kunye eqingqiweyo.

Museum of History

British Museum National waqalisa imbali yayo ngo-1753. Kwaba ngoko ukuba naturalist evela UK Hans Sloane ezabiwa ingqokelela yakhe ekhethekileyo lwesizwe. Ukuvulwa imyuziyam yavunywa yi isenzo okhethekileyo yePalamente of Great Britain. Ngowe-1759, xa imyuziyam ngokusesikweni waqalisa umsebenzi wayo, nengqokelela imiboniso bezele Library yasebukhosini.

ukubaza

Kuyinto zingenakuphikwa ukuqokelelwa neyeeperile, leyo inebhongo kwiMyuziyam yaseBritani. le imifanekiso kuthiwa itempile iParthenon Ndimele (okanye amapetyu Elgin). Igama abawafumana imbeko Count, lowo owabanyusayo ngexesha babo Greece. Namhlanje, le myuziyam Oqhayisayo ukuqokelelwa inkulu ehlabathini ngayo sculpture Asia. zakudala Egyptian isebe ingqokelela, uniko manani malunga 66 amawaka iikopi, kwaye ukuqokelela yamandulo yesiGrike iquka inani kwimizobo edumileyo: oqingqiweyo Demeter, a umhlola ka Pericles nabanye.

Amagama kwabayili zabo azaziwa, nangona ukohluka nobubanzi imisebenzi. Kukho uguqulelo ukuba imifanekiso kunye friezes ze kuyo itempile iParthenon - umsebenzi lo nomkroli odumileyo ezivela Greece (Phidias), ezibe zisongamela ukwakhiwa Acropolis. Hayi nje eli lizwe wazama ukubuyela ngayo amabhastile lawo iParthenon. Kwelinye icala, England: Musa ukungxama ukuze kuthi ndlela-ntle kunye enani. kwicala nganye izimvo zalo ngalo mba: amaGrike ebizwa ukuthunyelwa nanto ubusela ezingcwele, abasebenzi imyuziyam yaseBritani bakholelwa ukuba eli nyathelo sculpture asindiswe kwintshabalalo.

Mhlawumbi, emacaleni aso omabini ngokwawo. Earl of Elgin wathabatha imvume kurhulumente yinqobo kakhulu ukuthunyelwa izinto ezithile kweli lizwe. Ngexesha zithathwa phezu yi-British Museum, iParthenon engaphezu kwenkulungwane, oko ku mabhodlo alapho.

itshe Rosetta

Ngaphandle kwamathandabuzo, le yenye avuleke abaziwayo, eyeye kwiMyuziyam yaseBritani. Mshini eyafumanekayo kwenkulungwane XVIII emva kwexesha. Wavumela Jean Champollion (French Umbhali-Orientalist, ngeelwimi) ukuguqulela Imifanekiso zaseYiputa. Namhlanje, le oyidingayo ubulisa iindwendwe kwiholo emyuziyam umYiputa.

Ma Katabet

Emithathu enesiqingatha iminyaka eliwaka - ubudala Ma wayengumfundisi ka-Amon-Ra, ogama Katabet. isidumbu sakhe isongelwe ezingutyeni zabo. Umntu lugubungela imaski nengubo, ebonisa umzobo wayengumfundisi. Loo nto inika umdla sarcophagus wawenzelwe ekuqaleni abantu. Enye inkalo yale Mama - Brain abafazi, ngokuchaseneyo onke amanye amalungu azisuswanga.

Hoa Haka-Nana-Ia

Ukuqokelelwa British Museum elinye gem. Le Umfanekiso Polynesia, savela Easter Island. Ibizwa Hoa Haka-Nana-Ia. On eli gama Russian bubonakala "ebiweyo (okanye efihlakeleyo) ngamnye." Ekuqaleni Moai umfanekiso oqingqiweyo lowo zipeyintwe umbala omhlophe kunye obomvu, kodwa ngokuhamba kwexesha ipeyinti libunile, chipped nezivele abangelwe tuff. Le izinto ezomeleleyo zendalo sasetyenziswa ekwenziweni sculpture monolithic.

I iindevu se SPHINX Great

Ngenxa yemigudu Dzhovanni Batisty Caviglia, oyinzalelwane eItali, kwiMyuziyam yaseBritani anayo ukuqokelelwa isiqalelo yalo Enkulu SPHINX neendevu. wamazwe owaziwayo Caviglia wagqiba esomba nomtsalane eyintloko Giza. Henry Salt (British Ambassador) faka i imeko izama Italian ukuba zonke izinto akuyifumana, unyanzelekile ukuba lokutshintshela kwiMyuziyam yaseBritani. Amaqhekeza aseleyo iindevu ukuba Caviglia washiya esantini, ngoku egcinwe kwi Egyptian Museum eCairo.

Library of the Museum British

Yaba sisiseko esekwe 1753 ingqokelela ephakathi Anglo-Saxon kunye yesandla yesiLatini eziqokelelwe yi-Nkosi Hans Sloane. Ingcamango ekudaleni ithala exhaswa George II. Wanikela Museum lithala leencwadi iKing Edward IV. Enye iikopi 65 lamawaka Wabonakala yokuqokelelwa ngo-1823. Yaba nesipho King George III. Ngowe-1850, isakhiwo Museum yenye amagumbi edume ukufunda yehlabathi yavulwa - esebenza UKarl Marks, uLenin, kunye nabanye abantu abaziwayo.

kwithala leencwadi kwinkulungwane yama-20

Esi siganeko obalulekileyo kwimbali British Library kaThixo kwenzeka kwinkulungwane XX. ezine Ingqokelela kazwelonke yeencwadi ziye zadityaniswa ngoJulayi 1973. Kamva ke kwangena nakumathala Scotland naseWales. Ngowe-1973, iNkqubo Library yasekwa. Oku kuyaphumelela unanamhla - abafundi bakwazi ukufumana nayiphi na incwadi leyo e-UK.

Kwinkulungwane efanayo (XX) ezikuqokelelo kwi Library British livela ngqangi WayengumBhuda iincwadi zokuqala ezishicilelweyo evela Dunhuang. Ngowe-1933, kwiMyuziyam yaseBritani zathengwa eRashiya ezilikhulu lamawaka eekhilogram iCodex Sinaiticus - zezinto angamaKristu ukuba amandla eSoviet wakubona okungeyomfuneko uluntu ukhona.

obanzi

Namhlanje le ngqokelela inkulu ehlabathini iincwadi, yesandla ngqangi. Ukuqokelelwa luquka ngaphezu kwesinye anamashumi amahlanu amawaka iikopi. Ukususela ngowe-1983, wabonakala kwi Library National Sound Archives. Apha, ugcine amanqaku kunye ezirekhodiweyo isandi, imibhalo imisebenzi zomculo - ukusuka Handel ukuba "The Beatles".

imifanekiso

I-British Museum na mboniso likhulu izinto zobugcisa. Kodwa ukuba sithethe ngale icandelo wokusemgangathweni, akukho nto elingezantsi Louvre e Paris, okanye Hermitage St. Petersburg kaThixo. Ngokutsho inani ngemisebenzi kwihlabathi-adumileyo kwiMyuziyam yaseBritani akanayo ngokulinganayo. Phakathi artists idumileyo ehlabathini, mhlawumbi nzima ukufumana lowo imifanekiso ezingekhoyo kwintlanganiso eLondon.

Exposure igalari

Kakade ke, ukuba kunxweme Albion, ndifuna ukuba ndifunde ubugcisa bokuba kule ndawo. Lo msebenzi ubonelela Museum epheleleyo yaseBritani. Mizobo of ngabapeyinti ezinkulu emelwe ubuhle kunye enemifanekiso yabantu Lawrence kunye Gainsborough, imizobo satirical Hogarth kaThixo. Ibonisa isikolo original zobugcisa yaseBritani ukwahluka kwalo. England Painting kuphazanyiswa imizobo Yaduma amagcisa Italian, eSpeyin, eNetherlands, leyo zimelwe kwi London National Gallery ngokubanzi.

Apha ungabona i "Virgin of the Rocks" (uLeonardo da Vinci). Le mizobo ukhetho yokugqibela zigcinwa kwi Louvre. abatyeleli Museum angaba imizobo ezintandathu yi Botticelli. Phakathi kwazo kwakukho gem ayinyaniso inkosi - "Venus kunye Mars". Lo mboniso imisebenzi zimelwe kakuhle Piero della Francesca, Antonello Messina, Veronese, Tintoretto, Tiziano.

Ukuba unethamsanqa elaneleyo ukuba atyelele kwiMyuziyam yaseBritani, musa ungaphoswa ukuqokelelwa lwemizobo yi Carlo Crivelli - yelo xesha, owayehlala yaye esebenza kwinkulungwane XV. Namhlanje, umsebenzi yalo inkosi enkulu ingabi waduma ekupheleni kwenkulungwane XIX, xa yakhe "Madonna Rondino" uyihlawule esikhulu isixa - 2184 lbs. Ukuba baqonde ukubaluleka kwalo msebenzi, siphawula ukuba umfanekiso okhoyo kuphela igalari ngumzobi enkulu della Francesca afunyenwe ngexesha elifanayo kwi uneemina 241.

Ukuqokelelwa ibalulekileyo myuziyam siSikolo Netherlands. It iqulathe mizobo ezine Yana Van Eyck. Kuyo nayiphi na myuziyam kweli hlabathi akukho ubuncwane ezinjalo. Ixabiso eziphambili - yenye mkhulu lwemizobo zakhe - umzobo Arnolfini. Apha uyakwazi simazi umsebenzi Memling, Kampen, UKristu, Bosca, van der Weyden, iindywala kunye nezinye iinkwenkwezi yokudweba Flemish. Ukongeza, uya kubona imizobo yi Rubens, Brueghel, Rembrandt, van Dyck.

Musa ukuya kujikela ingqalelo wabo umsebenzi Vermeer of Delft - ngomzobi Dutch kwinkulungwane XVI. I-British Museum uye ezimbini imisebenzi yakhe. Ngoko ke, kholwa ndim, lukhulu. Eyona okuyimfihlakalo amagcisa Dutch, Vermeer, washiya ngasemva imisebenzi ezimbalwa ukwenzela ukuba izinto ehlabathini lonke kwi-akhawunti ekhethekileyo. Nokuba nje ezintandathu ngemizobo yakhe kunokubonwa lomthonyama Holland wakhe.

Kucace ngokubanzi lwembali features imisebenzi abadumile Spanish - Murillo, El Greco, Ribera, Goya, Zurbaran. Ubuchule opeyintayo omkhulu Spain Diego Velaskesa zimelwe imizobo ezilithoba, kwaye phakathi kwabo kukho yenye edume imisebenzi yakhe - ". Venus phambi esipilini"

ukuqokelelwa German of neegalari ezo azikho kakhulu. Noko ke, umsebenzi yeenkosi ezinkulu ezifana Cranach, Altdorfer, Holbein, Durer, Poussin, Watteau, ziyafumaneka kule myuziyam.