I-System "Grad" - ubushushu bezulu

Inkqubo yomlilo ye-rocket iyakwaziwa nakwabo abangenalo umdla kwizixhobo kunye nezixhobo zempi. Nguyena ulandelelwano oluza ngqo lobutyebi bezempi zeKatyushas, eyayiba ngabaxhasi bexesha elitsha lophuhliso lwezithuthi, ezibandakanya zonke i-TTX ezisisiseko ezizalanayo kwizizukulwana ezilandelayo ze-MLRS: ukuhambelana, ukuhamba ngokukhawuleza, ukukhawuleza kunye nokukwazi ukushaya iithagethi ezininzi kwiindawo ezinkulu kakhulu kunye ne-salvo .

Ukusuka kwi-salvo yokuqala "uKatyusha", apho umhlaba ngokwawo wayemi emilenzeni yayo yangemuva, kwaye ama-fascist amakhulu afika kwimeko yokwesaba, kwaye nanamhla ukufakelwa kwee-missile zangaphakathi kusemgangathweni kwihlabathi. Inkqubo yeGrey, eyafakwa enkonzweni kwixesha elikude elikude lika-1963, ithathe indawo yeKatyyusha ibe yinto engundoqo yeArms Army's missile armament. Kwiminyaka emininzi, le nkqubo yokusebenza yayingazi ukuba zilingana phakathi kweentlobo ezifana nezixhobo zamanye amazwe.

Ukufakwa kwe "Grad", ukuphuhliswa kwayo okwavunyelwa ngumyalelo okhethekileyo kaRhulumente ngo-1960, wawunesakhiwo sokuqala esekelwe kwisisombululo sobunjineli esitsha esazange sisetyenziswe ngaphambili. Ukuphuhliswa kwe-MLRS kwenziwa ngu-NII-47, ekhokelwa ngumyili wezakhono. Gognichev. Inkqubo yeGrad yenzelwe ukutshintsha inkqubo ye-BM-14 ye-missile.

Iibhotile ze-122-mm ze-fragmentation- uhlobo lokuxhaphaza iM-21-OF zazisetyenziselwa njengemibutho ekufakweni. Inkqubo ye-Grad yenzelwe ukunqanda imimandla yokuxininisa kwezithuthi ezikhuselekileyo kunye nemikhosi yeentshaba, izixhobo zokuqhuma iibhetri kunye neebhethri zomdaka, izixhobo zokubonelela, iinqaba ze-bunker kunye neengqungquthela ezinamandla. Oko kukuthi, ububanzi balezi zitshixo zahluke kakhulu. Isidingo sokwakha uhlobo olunjalo lwezixhobo ngexesha elo lichazwe yintlupheko enkulu yeenkqubo zezopolitiko kunye "nemfazwe ebandayo".

Inkqubo ye "Grad" iqulethwe ngumkhweli ongeyilori ye-Ural-375D, indlela yokulawula umlilo kunye nesithuthi esikhethekileyo sokuthutha kweempahla kunye nokuhlawula. Kwiinguqulelo ezalandelayo, i-Ural-4320 i-high-land land used as gear gear . Ijubane lale nkqubo ye-missile ifikelela kwi-90 km / h, enika ukuhamba okuphezulu kakhulu nokuhamba kakuhle.

Inkqubo yanamhlanje "i-Grad" ifakwe kwisakhiwo esicwangcisiweyo esicwangcisiweyo se "Vivarium". Umlilo uqhutyelwa ngamagobolondo angama-122 asebenzayo. Ulwazi malunga neendawo ekujoliswe kuzo kunye neendawo zazo zenziwa yinkqubo yekhompyutha, eyona nto ibalulekileyo kwibhetri lonke. Ngokuhambelana neshedyuli yootitshala, ukufakela kuvelisa i-volley kumasekhondi angamashumi amabini, kwaye ixesha lokuhlaziya liphela imizuzu emibini kuphela. Ukuhanjiswa kweempahla kuqhutyelwa yiplani yokuhlawula isakhiwo esikhethekileyo. Iimpawu eziqhelekileyo zebhethri enye ineemibhobho emithathu. Oku kukwanele ukutshabalalisa phantse nayiphi na injongo.

Inxalenye yokulwa ye-MLR "Grad", injongo yesikhokelo kunye nokuqaliswa kweemfazwe, iqukethe izikhokelo ezine-tubular ezi-3 m ubude kunye nobubanzi bombhobho we-122.4 mm. Isikhokelo esicacileyo kunye nesicatshulwa seprojekti senziwa ngumbane onamandla okhethekileyo.

Iimpawu ze "Grad" zibonakaliswe ngokuqinisekileyo ngexesha lemfazwe yase-Afghanistan, imfazwe yaseKarabakh kunye neekhenkethi zombini zeChechen. Le nkqubo ye-missile ithandwa kakhulu phantse kuwo onke amaArabhu namaAfrika, apho ngezinye iinkqubela iimfazwe zombutho ziba lukhuni kwaye zihlala zizinzileyo.