I-Phospholipid: yintoni na, kutheni kuyadingeka ngumzimba, zeziphi izifo ezinxulumene nayo

Umzimba womntu yinkqubo eyinkimbinkimbi, apho wonke umntu, nokuba yinto encinci, inendima yayo. Ngokubanzi, bonke basebenze ukuqinisekisa ukuba imizimba inobomi obuqhelekileyo nobuninzi. Kodwa ngamanye amaxesha kukho ukungaphumeleli kokufa okungalindelekanga, kwaye ezinye izakhi zomzimba ziqala ukutshabalalisa abanye, ngaloo ndlela zonakalisa impilo kunye nobomi bomntu. Ama-antibodies ku-phospholipids - umzekelo ocacileyo walo.

Kutheni i-phospholipids

Umzimba womntu uqulethwe iiseli apho iimbumba ziqulethe i-phospholipids.
Ezi zakhiwo zibandakanyeka ekuthuthweni kwamafutha kunye ne-cholesterol, zi-solvents of substances hydrophobic. I-Phospholipid - yintoni na? Ukusuka kwinqanaba lokujonga i-chemistry yezinto eziphilayo, oku kuluhlu oluyinkimbinkimbi ye-esters ye- polyhydric alcohols kunye nama-acids acids, nawo anokufumana i-phosphorus acid asele. Ngokomfuziselo kukho umsila-hydrophobic, uzama ukugwema ukuthintela amanzi, kwaye intloko i-hydrophilic, efanelekileyo ngokuthintana kwamanzi. Ukugqithisa okunjalo ngumgangatho obalulekileyo kakhulu owenza ukuba i-phospholipid nganye ibaluleke kakhulu kumzimba. Kuthetha ukuthini oku? Okokuqala, ezi zinto zichitha i-cholesterol, igcina iplastiki yeembrane zeseli, kwaye "zilungise" xa kunokwenzeka. Okwesibini, lichaphazela ukuguquka kwegazi, ukuhlaziywa kwezicubu. Ngenxa yokungabikho kwe-phospholipids, iiseli ezonakalisiweyo azikwazi ukufumana kwakhona, ezikhokelela kwizifo ezininzi. Ngokwemali yabo, ezi zinto zithandekile, zibi kwaye zingathathi hlangothi.

Antiphospholipid syndrome

Esi sifo senzeke xa i-antibodies i-phospholipids iqala ukuveliswa. Le meko ibizwa ngokuba yi- antiphospholipid syndrome (APS). Izizathu zokuvela:

Izifo ezithathelwanayo;

- umphumo wecala lokuthatha imishanguzo yengqondo kunye nokukhulelwa kwe-hormonal;

- perialteritis nodular ;

- Izifo ze-oncological;

- Lupus erythematosus;

- AIDS;

- ezinye izifo zesifo;

I-Genetic predisposition.

Wonke umntu uyazi ukuba luncedo kangakanani ukulwa namagciwane. Olu luhlobo olukhethekileyo lweprotheni, olwenzelwe ukugcina umntu kwizinto ezahlukeneyo ezingafaniyo: ii-virus, ibhaktheriya nezinye izinto. Kodwa ngamanye amaxesha baqala ukusebenza ngokungalunganga kwaye bahlasele izinto ezibalulekileyo zomzimba, bazibhubhise kwaye banqande imetabolism evamile. Kwimeko ye-phospholipids, i-antibodies iboshwe kakhulu kwiintlobo ezimbi (i-cardiolipins kunye ne-phosphatidylserines). Baya kwenza kwakhona kwi-phospholipid engathathi hlangothi. Oku kuthetha ntoni? Enye yeengxaki ezinkulu kukuphulwa kweembumba zeplatelet kunye neeseli kwiinqanawa. Kule nxulumano, vuka:

- thrombosis;

- izithandabuzo kunye nokuzalwa kwangaphambi kokuzalwa;

Ukukhula komntwana;

- izifo;

Iingxaki zentliziyo, ngokukhethekileyo izibetho.

I-AFS kunye namaxesha angama-5 abantu abayi-100 ifunyanwe kwabasetyhini abakhulelweyo kunye nabantu abayi-3-4 ngamakhulu-aphakathi.

Iimpawu

Ngelishwa, ngamanye amaxesha izigulane azikrokreli ukuba emzimbeni wazo iintsholongwane kunokuba iintsholongwane kunye neebhaktheriya zonakalisa izinto ezibalulekileyo ezifana ne-phospholipid. Oku kwenzeka, abantu bafunda kuphela kwiimvavanyo. Iimpawu ezibonisa ukuba khona kwe-APS zinoku:

- ukubonakala kweprothambo ye-vascular emzimbeni (ngokukodwa ngokuqhelekileyo ibonakala kwimigqa nemilenze);

Umbono owehla (njengokuba kukho i-thrombi kwi-retina);

- iprotheni kumchamo;

- ingozi

- ukungaphumeleli kwezintso;

- Ukungabikho kwemali kunye nokukhawuleza kokukhawuleza komntwana okhulayo;

Ukuzalwa kwangaphambili.

Diagnostics

Ama-antibodies ukuba i-cardiolipin ithathwa njengenxalenye enkulu ye-AT ukuya kwi-phospholipids. Kuthetha ukuthini oku? Amagciwane anjalo anamaqela amaninzi - IgM, IgA ne-IgG. Ngomlinganiselo omncinci, bahlale bekhona emzimbeni womntu. Ukufunyanwa kwi- serum kuthathwa njengesiqhelo:

- IgG - ukuya kwi-19 IU / ml;

- IgM - ukuya kwi-10 IU / ml;

- IgA - ukuya ku-15 IU / ml.

Ngokuqhelekileyo, iimvavanyo zelabhoratri zibonisa ubukho be-anti-IgG (40-45%) kunye ne-IgA (17-55%). Ukuba khona kwe-IgM kwi-serum kudla rhoqo (5-30%). Isixa sala maqhinga ahluthwa kakhulu emva kokunyangwa nge-APS. Amazinga abo aphantsi aphinde agcinwe kwizigulane ezine-syphilis, i-lupus erythematosus, i-arthritis (i-rheumatoid) ne- Sjogren's syndrome.

Ukuhlolwa kwegazi kunikwa kuphela kwisisu esingenalutho. Emva kwesidlo sokugqibela kufuneka sidlule kwiiyure eziyi-8 ukuya kwi-12.

I-phospholipids ebalulekileyo - yintoni na?

I-phospholipids ebalulekileyo ibingelwa ngenxa yokubaluleka kwayo kunye nokubaluleka komsebenzi obalulekileyo weeseli. Ngoku iziyobisi ziveliswa eziquka ezi zinto. Ziyasetyenziswa kwi-hepatology, cardiology, neurology. Zinefuthe elihle kakhulu lokuvuselela kwiimbumba zeeseli zesibindi, kuba i-phospholipids yazo i-65%. Kwakhona zisetyenziselwa:

- I-Hepatitis;

- utywala;

- Atherosclerosis;

- ischemia yentliziyo;

- Izifo zesisu;

- Toxicosis;

- Izifo zesikhumba;

- Irradiation.

Kukho ubungqina bokuba ukusetyenziswa kwe-phospholipid ebalulekileyo kuyiluncedo kwisifo sikashukela.

Isilwanyana senziwa kwiifomsules nakwizisombululo zeejoke. Faka isicelo sesilwanyana ngokudibene namanye amayeza.