I-Marshall Plan - yeyona projekthi ngempumelelo zoncedo kwezoqoqosho kwimbali

sakuphela Second World War. imiphumela yako eYurophu ezoyikekayo. Amashumi ezigidi zabantu zabulawa, satshatyalaliswa inkoliso izindlu, imveliso yezolimo sasinda zafikelela 70% yenqanaba pre-imfazwe.

ukuphulukana noqoqosho Ngokubanzi yi iingqikelelo angqingqwa 1 440 billion pre-imfazwe franc. Ngaphandle inkxaso yangaphandle, amazwe abachatshazelwa yimfazwe, akaba nako ukusombulula iingxaki. Into leyo uncedo kufuneka kuchongwa Marshall Plan, ogama emva umqalisi layo, i-US unobhala karhulumente kunye zomkhosi umhlala-George C. Marshall.

Europe yahlulwe emibini, i wasempuma kwicandelo eziphembelela USSR kunye neenkokheli kaStalin akuthethi ukufihla ubutshaba yakhe nenkqubo yorhwebo, kwakunye ngenjongo yokuseka inkqubo yali kuwo onke amazwe aseYurophu.

Phantsi kwale mvelaphi, amandla akhe asebenzayo, ezo zibizwa ngokuba "ngasekhohlo." I-Communist Party, ixhaswa yiSoviet Union, waqalisa yande, popularity babo bakhula.

Kweli nqanaba, i-US waqalisa ukuziva bahlaselwa amaKomanisi kuloo mmandla ziyayilawula eNtshona Yurophu.

I-Marshall Plan yaba yeyona impumelelo yeprojekthi waqonda uncedo kwezoqoqosho kwimbali yabantu.

Webutho, owaba UNobhala of State phantsi Truman, eGeorge. Marshall akazange abe imfundo kwezoqoqosho. Ooyise ngokwenene eli cebo George. Kennan kunye neqela lakhe, abo babesebenza phandle iinkcukacha ezisisiseko ukuphunyezwa kwayo. Ukuphuhlisa amanyathelo okunciphisa nempembelelo yiSoviet eNtshona Yurophu, apho, xa kwimeko amaKomanisi, eUnited States singalahlekelwa ebaluleke kakhulu - ukuba nje yanikwa uxanduva iimarike, kwaye kwixesha elizayo ngobuso kunye ngqo ingozi emkhosini.

Ngenxa yoko, abezoqoqosho yabaxwa uxwebhu ebizwa "Marshall Plan." Xa ukuphunyezwa kwalo kumazwe elinesithandathu aseYurophu wafumana uncedo iyonke efikelela 17 yeebhiliyoni zeerandi. Noko ke, icebo Marshall zaziquka nje ukuhambisa iimveliso kunye decumulation imali yaseMelika, uncedo ngokuthobela imiqathango engqongqo kakhulu, ezifana nokunciphisa imisebenzi namasiko, eli ligatya phantsi kwesizwe kwamashishini kunye nenkxaso imigaqo yezoqoqosho yentengiso-based, oko kufumana ilizwe wedemokhrasi kuphela. 17% ye-mali ziye ndidleke kuphele, ngenxa ukuthenga izixhobo kwimveliso.

Sam Dzhordzh Marshall kwintetho Harvard Juni 5, 1947 ivakalise umongo US-nkqubo karhulumente emkhosini ngokucacileyo. Ukulwa ubukomanisi akwenzeki ukuba Europe uya kuba buthathaka.

I-Marshall Plan - bangxamele recovery ngempumelelo kumazwe yimfazwe, yaye ngo-1950 ukuba egqithisileyo kwinqanaba eyandulela kwemveliso yezolimo kunye nezoshishino.

Inxalenye uncedo inikwa ngaphandle kwentlawulo, kodwa ubukhulu becala mboleko ngamaxabiso aphantsi.

I-Marshall Plan yagxekwa yi kubunkokheli be-USSR kunye kumazwe aseMpuma Yurophu 'intando yabantu ", kodwa wenza nje ezine ngonyaka ayiphelelanga Iimpawu zoqoqosho athethe ngokwabo. Inqanaba yempembelelo amaqela wamaKomanisi waqalisa ukuba ukwehla ngokukhawuleza, kwaye Melika wafumana imarike enkulu impahla yayo.