I-Fate kunye ne-biography kaStean Razin

Akukho bubungqina bombhalo xa uStan Razin azalwa. Nangona kunjalo, lo mhla ungathathwa kwimithombo yesibini. Ngokomzekelo, uMdatshi waseJapan uJan Jansen Streis, owayehamba ngeRussia, wabona amaxesha amaninzi kunye neendwendwe ezidumileyo. Kwimbhalo yakhe wabhala ukuba ngo-1670, uRazin wayeneminyaka engama-40 ubudala, ebonisa ukuba wazalwa malunga ne-1630.

Iinkcukacha zoBomi

Kuphela into yokuba u -amanaman owaziwayo wazalwa kwi-Don uyaziwa ngokuchanekileyo. I-Biography kaStean Razin yaqala kwingingqi ekhoyo yaseVolgograd, apho kwiXVII inkulungwane kwakukho iidolophu ezininzi zaseCossack kunye nemizana. Ubomi bakhe buneenkcukacha ezininzi kunye neengcamango, okwakungumthonyama ngelo xesha. I-Biography kaStein Razin yaba yinto yokuhlonela kwi-Cossacks. Udumo lwakhe lwaluvuyiswa nguEmelyan Pugachev, owayehlala ekhankanya ngaphambili kwakhe ngexesha lokuvukela kwakhe.

Ngo-1652 I-biography kaStean Razin yanyuswa ngesiganeko esibalulekileyo kulo mva. Uba ngumnumzane. Kwiminyaka elishumi kamva uSten wabamba iqela elijongene neCrimean Khan. Ukongeza kwi-Cossacks, umkhosi wawuquka iKalmyks neZaporozhians. Emva koko iRashiya yazivikela ngokumelene namaTatars aseCrimea ngolu hlobo lwamajoni akhululekileyo ayefake kwizantsi kwelizwe.

URazin wayenomzalwana omdala, u-Ivan. Wayengummangaleli we-Don Army. I-Cossacks yakhe yayihluke ngokukhululekile kunye nokuziphatha okubi, ngenxa yokuba babehlala bephikisana nabathunywa be-tsarist. UMoscow u-Yuri Dolgorukov ngethuba lokuphikisana okunjalo wayala u-Ivan ukuba abulawe ngenxa yokungathobeli. Oku kusekwa uStean ngokumelene noorhulumente wengqarha.

Imeko kwiCosasacks

Inkulungwane ye-XVII ngokubanzi ifumene igama lesiteketiso elithi "buntashnogo" ngenxa yokuvuswa kwamaxesha amaninzi. Abantu basekuhlaleni baqala ukungena kwi-serfdom kubanini bezindlu, emva kokuba iSobornaya Ulozhenie yamkelwa ngo-1649 . Abahlali babalekela ebukhosini kuDon, abazange bawanike ababaleki. Ngomnyaka wama-70 kumzantsi welizwe inani elikhulu leeCosacks eziguqulwe ngokutsha ziqokelele. Lo mgaqo wawungenakudlulela kwi-tsarist management, eninzi abaninzi abasetyenziswe ngokuphathwa kakubi kwabantu basekuhlaleni.

Abalimi ababa yiCossacks babibizwa ngokuthi "golutnevnye". Bazuza ubomi babo ngokuphanga iinqanawa kwi-Volga. Abadala bexesha bajonga le meko ngeminwe yabo ...

Ukuhamba ukuya ePersi

Ngo-1667 uStein Razin waba yinkokeli yeso sixhobo. I-biography emfutshane ye-ataman kwincwadi yesifundo sembali ibandakanya ukuboniswa kwiphulo lokulwa nePersi. Enyanisweni, lo kwakuyimbali yokuqala yezempi yombindi onamandla. Kwiindawo ezisezantsi zeVolga, ii-Cossacks zakhe zaphanga abathengisi kunye neenqwelo ezazingabomfuli-ntaphana uYosafu. Abasebenzi, abasebenzi kunye nabanye abantu abathengisa umlambo ngeenqwelo zamanzi bajoyina inqwelana.

Ukuphanga kwabarhwebi akuphazamisekisi eMoscow, elalikude kakhulu. Kodwa xa ii-Cossacks zatshitshisa i-streltsy kwaye zaze zathatha idolophu yaseYaitsky, imida eqhelekileyo evumelekileyo yaphulwa.

Ngomnyaka omtsha we-1668, emva kobusika eYaik, umkhosi kaRazin waya e-Caspian Sea. Apha kuqala uhlangabezane nemikhosi yamaPersian shah. URazin wahlanganiswa yiSccascas nabanye abahlali baseNyakatho Caucasus. Ngaloo mandla ngoJulayi, amaRussia alwa namaPersi kwisiqithi sasePig. Le nto yayiyinkokheli enkulu kunabo bonke elwandle elwandle kwiXVII inkulungwane. Imfazwe yavela kufuphi neBaku. AmaPersi ayanqotshwa, kwaye iiCosacks zithathwa. Kodwa ekubeni imeko yayimangele, i-Astrakhan yabuyela e-Astrakhan, apho yafunyanwa ngabalawuli basebukhosini.

Ukuvuswa okudumile

Ngomnyaka olandelayo i-biography yaStean Razin yaphawulwa ngumvukelo ovulekileyo ngokubhekiselele kwi-tsar. Wathumela iileta eningizimu yelizwe, apho wabiza wonke umntu owayefuna ukufumana intando yokuzibandakanya naye. Ukongeza, koko kwakukho isithethe sabakhohlisi, esasetyenziswa nguStean Razin. I-biography emfutshane ye-ataman yaqhubeka njengolu hlobo lulandelayo: waxosha i-rumor yokuba wayenendlalifa esihlalweni sobukhosi, u- Aleksey Alekseyevich, owayesanda kufa. Ngelo xesha, i-tsar yahlukana noMphathiswa omkhulu uThhon, owathunyelwa ekuthinjweni. Ukusebenzisa oku, uRazin wathi kwakhona umbingeleli omkhulu naye uyamxhasa. Abalimi abazange bafune ubungqina, bahamba ngokuzithandela phantsi kwebhanki yakhe.

Ukuxhaswa kwabantu kunceda uRazin wambamba uAstrakhan, uSaratov, iTaritsyn noSamara. Ukufudukela phezulu, iiCosacks zazikufutshane neSimbirsk. Ukungqinga kwakhe kwaqala ngo-1670. Umyalelo wanika uRazin Stepan Timofeevich. I-Biography ataman ithi ubomi beCoscack ekhaliphe bubekwe bucala. Waya kude kangangokuthi ukutshatyalaliswa akuyi kumshiya ithuba lokuphila.

Ukutshatyalaliswa nokusetyenziswa

Okwangoku, umkhosi wamasosha angama-60 000 sele usuka eMoscow. URazintsy wahlulwa waza waphoswa eSimbirsk. UStean wagijima, kodwa akazange akwazi ukucela inkxaso yamaCosacks, abazange bafune ukuhlazeka. Ngenxa yoko, uRazin wabanjwa ngabalingane bakhe, owamnikela kwi-tsar ngo-Ephreli 1671. Ngomhla ka-6 kaJuni, inkokeli yokuvukela okuthandwayo yayinxalenye.

Kwenzeke eMoscow kwi-Square ye-Bolotnaya ukuze kuqinisekiswe wonke umntu. Nangona kunjalo, wonke umntu ukhumbula ukuba ngubani uRazin Stepan Timofeevich. I-biography emfutshane ye-ataman yaba sisiseko seengoma ezininzi zeengoma, ezisaziwa namhlanje.