I-diesel iqala kakubi "kubanda": izizathu. Ukugcinwa nokulungiswa kweemoto ze-diesel

Maxa wambi, yonke umnini imoto lijongene ingxaki yiyo ukuqalisa injini. Kwaye oku kwenzeka zombini ipetroli diesel. Laba ingakumbi ngokufuthi abantu bayala ukuba umoya phezulu ebusika. Kwaye ngenxa yokuba iimpawu diesel. Ngapha koko, ngokungafaniyo ipetroli, akukho iiplagi yintlantsi, leyo kubasa umlilo mxube. Kwamafutha ephakamayo yi umkhosi ucinezelo. Plus idiesel sikhula kumaqondo obushushu aphantsi. Kodwa masikhe uthole phambili. Ngoko ke, makhe sihlolisise isizathu sokuba kusasa kunzima ukuqalisa idizili. izinto eziphambili kunye namancedo, funda inqaku lethu namhlanje.

Starter battery

Uninzi iingxaki kunye ngokusesikweni kwenzeka ngenxa ukunxiba ezi zinto zimbini. Ngapha koko, ukuqala injini ixhomekeka kuzo "yingqele" kunye "hot". Ukuba injini yakho idiesel kunzima ukuqala, "i ngokucofa iqhosha lokulayita", izizathu angasuswa ibhetri. Amafutha yesibini, kwakunye diesel, woyika kwakhona amaqondo aphantsi. Ebudeni ebusuku unokuphulukana ukuya ku-20 ekhulwini umthamo wayo. Oku isalathi ezibalulekileyo. Ngenxa yoko, zukisani Renault idasta entsha iya kuqalisa akunakwenzeka. Yintoni isisombululo? Le mveliso kuphela mnye - intlawulo "otyalwe" ibhetri. Ungakwenza oku ngeendlela ezininzi. Le ndlela fastest - i "Okunika". Ngoncedo "iingwenya" wena inxibelelene kwiitheminali emotweni ziyalungiswa ibhetri uze uqalise injini baqalise. Nangona kunjalo, indlela kakhulu yingozi, ingakumbi ukuba ibhetri ngokwayo.

Indlela yesibini, ekhuselekileyo ngakumbi - kukusebenzisa i ebizwa ngokuba yi-izomelezi. Kwiminyaka yakutshanje baye zithandwa kakhulu phakathi abaqhubi beemoto. Le somelezi yi ibhetri encinane (ezinokuthelekiswa kunye kumlinganiselo Power Bank for mobile phones) ukuba kwimizuzwana eyi-30 ukunika inrush ngoku phezulu kwi "Ukukhuthaza" imo (kungoko igama). Le ibhetri - 12 V yaye ilungele iimoto ezininzi kunye iiveni ezinomlinganiselo injini Iilitha ukuya ku-4. Noko ke, ukwenza ibonisa ukuba ezikumgangatho ophezulu "lokomeleza" uyakwazi ukubaleka nokuba injini isigadla. Le ethile kuphela ibhetri enjalo - lixabiso. Kuyinto ifaniswa ixabiso iibhetri ezintathu omuhle-asidi.

Indlela yesithathu - ugcwalisa kwitshaja zokubhala. Yeyona ndlela ikhuselekileyo, kodwa kade. Ngapha koko, ukuba ukubuyisela oko kulahlekileyo-20 ekhulwini isigxina, iyunithi iza kuthatha imizuzu engama-30 ngexesha.

Njengoko kuba ukubala, nabo asilele. Kusenokuba Abanakuzimilisa kwisixhobo kwitheminali okanye izixhobo drive inxitywa ukuba gauze kunye ivili isithsaba. Kuyo nayiphi na imeko, uya kukwazi ukubona le ngxaki "yi indlebe". Le ukuziqalela ihlaba ezinye izandi ngexesha lokusebenza.

ucinezelo Low diesel injini

Le yingxaki iimoto ezindala ngaphezu kweminyaka engama-20. Ucinezelo kwi injini idiesel yahluke kakhulu ukusuka ipetroli, amaxesha ubuncinane 2. Ekubeni zamafutha ibangelwa umkhosi ucinezelo, ngoko ke nani kufuneka ibe umoya-20 ubuncinane. iinjini olingene liqalise ngempumelelo yaye umoya-8. Oku kufuneka ithathelwe ingqalelo. ingaba yintoni unobangela ucinezelo eliphantsi? Lo ngumsebenzi wamaziko banxibe piston, ikhala. Le yokugqibela banokulala ukuba iifom ellipse eludongeni njengesilinda. Le ngxaki kunye ioli zhorom enkulu. Hi ndlela leyi, ucinezelo nga zingalahleka kwi embalwa, kwaye kumatanki nye. Kwimeko yokugqibela ingxaki sihambisana ngokusesikweni lokungcangcazela kwi bengasebenzi ukuhamba. Ukuhlola injini, ucinezelo kufuneka bhuxe. Yaye ezi ziphumo siya kuwenza - ukulungisa injini okanye ukutshintsha entsha. Izandla zabo ukuba akukho nto esinokwenziwa - ukuba lithe umsebenzi. Abo baya kuthenga i cebiso endala diesel - khangela ucinezelo kwi isilinda ngalinye. Eli nyathelo encinane kunisindisa iingxaki ezingalindelwanga kunye nokuchitha imali.

fuel wavuma

Esi sesinye sezizathu eqhelekileyo sokuba injini idiesel kunzima ukuqala, "nengqele". Izizathu e crystallization engamanzi. Xa inani lobushushu iparafini ngamnye kwenze kwasekwa amafutha. Amafutha uba enamafu shinyi, ngathi pudding. Kodwa njani iimatshini ezisebenza kwimimandla esemantla? Ukuze ukuba uneengxaki ngokusesikweni, kwi amafutha ebusika diesel abandayo iyafuneka. Njani na ukuba yahlukile eqhelekileyo? Ngokungafaniyo ehlotyeni, ioli ubusika diesel iqulethe ongeziweyo ethintela ukuyilwa paraffins ulwelo kunye crystallization. Ngapha koko, i oyile eshinyeneyo akanako ndzulu pores lemifanekiso kunye yombhobho, ndingasathethi nemilomo.

Ndingenza ukuthenga phi diesel ebusika? Le fuel ithengiswe kuzo zonke izikhululo zepetroli ngexesha abandayo. Ukugcwalisa kwangaphambili ukulungiselela ixesha lasebusika, ngokuxuba amafutha additive "antigel". Umonakalo injini ayikasebenzi - oko zingqinwe abaqhubi beemoto ezininzi. Noko ke, ezinye izikhululo zepetroli nga kuthengisa ngeempahla kukudla ehlotyeni ebusika. Ukuze uphephe nokuba lixhoba iimeko, zimoto nabanamava Kucetyiswa ukuba baphathe ANTIGEL ibhotile ongeze ukuba itanki ngokwakho. Ingakumbi ukuba Ukupholisa eyomeleleyo kulindeleke. Olinganise eboniswe imiyalelo. Yintoni na qhwa le diesel ehlotyeni? ISibasi sele ku -5 degrees Celsius parafiniziruetsya. Ngoko ke ukucela njalo kwi impompo, i-Arctic nguye amafutha okanye hayi.

enye ANTIGEL

Ukuba kukho izixhobo ngesandla ekhethekileyo ukuthintela crystallization amafutha iya kuvumela brake fluid. Ezinye neengcibi basebenzisa utywala, yokuyifaka itanki. Nangona kunjalo, i brake fluid ngakumbi kakuhle isebenza ukusuka kwinkqubo kwamafutha kwiindawo. Kodwa ukuqhubeka ukuncoma ukusetyenziswa kwezithako olulungiselelwe ngokukodwa ukwenza njalo. Ilitha enye ye-mali exabisa malunga engange 500. volume Total kwanele 1000 eelitha zamafutha. Le dopant iyakwazi ukunciphisa ubushushu crystallization ukuya degrees -40.

Amanzi kwinkqubo

Ingaba Wayevela phi? Oku kunokuba itanki condensate. Ngaphezu koko, le ngxaki bajongene ngabanini nje kuphela iilori, kodwa iimoto, kuquka Renault idasta. Le condensate kakhulu esebenzayo abunjwe ngeentsuku ezibandayo. Kwakhona, amanzi ungena itanki na umpu. Imithetho physics ayenziwanga irhoxisiwe - amafu inokuba kwindlela amatanki kunye zokutha ipetroli ngokwabo, nangona zifihlwe phantsi komhlaba. Ngenxa yoko, amanzi abetheka kungena itanki kwaye zibekwe imithambo. Kwaye njengoko yaziwa, le ulwelo na ezingadibaniyo ioli diesel. Gaze amanzi ukonakalisa impompo nehigh.

Indlela ukujongana nale ngxaki? Iilori ivame okucoca ezongezelelweyo, sahluli. Fuel odlulayo kubo, ukucocwa of ukungcola. Kuquka umahluli condensate imisebe. Ukususela kumaxesha ngamaxesha kokuba amanzi izivalo isivingco ezikhethekileyo kumzantsi. Ukuba le moto, esetyenziswa kumantla, oko akuthethi ukuthintela ufakelo umahluli. Izinto eziluncedo yeli cebo baziswa abaqhubi abaninzi. Oku ngenene isixhobo esebenzayo ezinokuthi kukhusela injini ukusuka izando nezixholo, itanki nxamnye umhlwa lwangaphakathi. Ezinye izixhobo zinama ukufudumeza. Oku kukuqinisekisa ngempumelelo start-up kwiqondo lobushushu kutsho ku -50 degrees Celsius. Noko ke, yeendleko zezi yunithi - 30 amawaka engange. Sahluli ngaphandle ukufudumeza zingathengwa ngenxa 7-9 amawaka.

Air ku amafutha

Isimanga, kodwa ngenxa yale idiesel kunzima ukuqala, "nengqele". Izizathu - ubukho i iziqhoboshelo. Njengoko yaziwa, iziqulathi, umoya kunye nezibaso abondliwayo injini ngokwahlukileyo idizili. Ke ukuba inkqubo wambumba "kwiplagi", ibathwana udityaniso iza anyhashwe. Motor baya kukuqonda kwaye kwangoko imfikele.

Oksijini kwimpompo iwela ngenxa umonakalo kumgca amafutha kulo. Hlola indawo nokunyuka no nemeko neetyhubhu ngokwabo. Kufuneka bakhululeke lwamathanda yaye unokukhawuleza amafutha kubo. Oku kunokubangela umoya ngokugqithiseleyo ukuvuza. Ngenxa yoku, i-injini diesel ayikho nako ukusebenza ngokuqhelekileyo. Indlela ukulungisa le ngxaki? Ityhubhu umoya isuswe ngokuvula valve ukulungisa okhethekileyo lokucoca ulwelo.

namafutha obukhulu kakhulu

Njengoko yaziwa, iinjini diesel sebenzisa i igrisi eyahlukileyo ipetroli. Noko ke, oku akuthethi inshorensi imoto ngokuqalisa nzima, ingakumbi ebusika. Njengoko ukuhla lobushushu oyile kwi injini uqalisa izokhula. Starter naxa iya kuba nzima ukuguqula le flywheel, kunye nayo, kwaye crankshaft ibhetri. Ezisetyenziswa oyile injini idizili kunye viscosity ka 15W-40. Xa uqhuba phantsi kweemeko ezinzima, iingcali Siyaleza ukuthoba bar ukuya 5W-30. ioli olungezekileyo elungele ujikelezo lula le crankshaft, nto leyo ibaluleke kakhulu ukwenzela injini kunye amaqondo ukuhla.

ucinezelo angela

I-diesel kwakhona abe parameter. Ukuba ke akathanga zingqinelana nomgangatho, injini ziya kuqhuba rough. Buqapheleke lokungcangcazela engafunwayo, idizili kunzima ukuqala, "nengqele". Ibangela engalunganga kwi carbon ucinezelo ixesha lubekwa. Kwakhona, le parameter kufuneka 'shot phantsi. " Indlela ukubeka ngokuchanekileyo ucinezelo? Le nkqubo ifuna izakhono ezithile. Ukubeka advance angle ulungiso-elekhtrons kuthetha ukuba ikhutshwa kwi kwindawo ethile kwangaphambili ekupheleni kukubethwa ucinezelo. Xa kuthe eziqhelekileyo iparameters yokutsha ezonakele lwenzeka kwi isayizi. Ngenxa yoku, kungenzeka detonation enikina kwi bengasebenzi. Indlela ukubeka ngokuchanekileyo ucinezelo? I parameter ebekwe yi ukujikeleza malunga ezimanyeneyo impompo yamafutha. Kwakhona, i-engile umiselwe ngokuvula pulley camshaft. Ukuze ungaqwalasela, kufuneka ufumane ukuya flywheel injini, emva ukusisusa ukusuka istili. Kufuneka ukufumana ngesiciko kwi flywheel ukuba uvikivwa kulo slot, uze uskrolele element enesitshixo.

Ngoko ziqale yi crankshaft. Jika clockwise handwheel efunekayo phambi kokuba umsebenzi ezitshixwayo. Ngaphezulu ukufumana pump drive shaft. Diesel phezu kufuneka kugquma. Dibanisa amanqaku kwi esisangqa empompa drive coupling. incwadi izayo crankshaft ithuba elilodwa kwaye ukhangele ukuba zinayo ezihambelana. Emva koko ukulawula indawo isikali. Emva retaining emkhonweni drive aphakamise ngesiciko phezu flywheel. Val scrolled yi degrees 90. Le lokumisa kufuneka zifakwe emseleni.

Ngelo isigaba sokugqibela kokufaka zezindlu flywheel kwaye nsinya izikrufu eqwalasele. Qala i injini ujonge ukusebenza kwawo. Xa idle injini kufuneka ayikhuphi lokungcangcazela olungeyomfuneko kunye nentshukumo kufuneka simahla lokungaphumeleli kwaye uphakamisa.

Amakhandlela, bahlabe

Ewe, i-injini nedizili unalo khandlela. Nakuba kunjalo, ngokungafaniyo ipetroli, banoxanduva kungekhona kokutsha mithi, kunye nezibane zaso. Ngamanye amazwi, le injini osuke. Diesel uba phantsi kukhanya Imigudu ezibandayo. Bona ingakumbi ngokuphathelele ebusika. Ngoko ke, ukuba imoto kunzima ukuqala, kufuneka kuhlolwe amakhandlela. Mhlawumbi ke musa ukuvelisa amafutha ukufudumeza eqhelekileyo injini diesel. Ezi zinto anikwe amandla le relay kwaye axhotyiswe unit wakhe wolawulo. Ulawulo yamva amalahle amakhandlela ngokungqinelana imali kwangaphambili ixesha. Emva kwexesha elithile unikezelo ombane plug yintlantsi uvinjwa. Edluliselwe ayisebenzi kwakhona, kuba amafutha ndiwafudumeze iinjini idiesel sele kukhuthazwa. Kodwa oku akusoloko kunjalo. Kuyenzeka ukuba amakhandlela ime kwi isanda. Kwaye apha ingxaki kakade elektroniki. Iyafuna ekuhloleni umsebenzi relay kunye unit elektroniki. Indlela kufuneka apapashe ngokucofa. Ukuba le nkqubo ifuse, khangela oko ngokunjalo. Mhlawumbi element atshiswe endaweni ombane xhuma, yaye kwakukho i lekhefu chain oluzenzekelayo. Ngenxa ukubuyisela izinto fuse ukusebenza liyaqala.

Kubalulekile ukuba uxhathiso wekhadi yintlantsi nemisontwana ngokwayo. Oku kwenziwa ngokusebenzisa i multimeter. Le njengomvavanyi efanayo banesifo operation irileyi. Kodwa ndlela iqinisekileyo - ukuzama ukuqalisa injini kwiyunithi pre-ziyalungiswa kunye baphinde. Le ndlela ivumela wena ukhethe ngokukhawuleza ukuqonda isizathu sokuba kunzima ukuqalisa idizili.

Pump umlomo

Eyokugqibela kwi msebenzi kungenwe kakhulu. Ngaphakathi lacquer nesalfure le iidiphozithi kwakhiwa. Kwakhona musa ukulibala malunga into efana wear yendalo kunye iinyembezi nemilomo.

Umahluko omkhulu phakathi kwenkqubo banjengokudla injini diesel kukuba ubonelelo amafutha iveliswa phantsi koxinzelelo oluphezulu. On iiyunithi yalamaxesha nge-ziphene "Common Rail" eli nani 200 MPA. Thelekisa le injector isebenza MPA 4-5. nemilomo ukungcola ikhokelela kwiingxaki okumpompa ukusebenza. Ngenxa yoko, xi amafutha uwe. Out meko - ukucocwa okanye ukutshintshwa nemilomo (ngokuxhomekeke amaqondo ukuguga). Ukujijwa nokuxilonga ezi zinto kuphela ayikhuthazwa. Zonke iitsheki kufuneka enziwe kwi nqwelo ezikhethekileyo. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba injectors zimdaka, ukongeza amandla ephantsi akanako ukutshiza umxube phantsi itotshi eziqhelekileyo. Lusuka ekusebenzeni injini - injini kwi troit bengasebenzi, walahlekelwa ibambelele, etya.

Tips

Ngezantsi, lugxininisa Nezi embalwa ukuqalisa indlela injini diesel ngeentsuku ezibandayo :

• Gcina ibhetri ziyalungiswa. Ngowe-80 ekhulwini amatyala, ingxaki ilele kwi ibhetri-elimisiweyo. Musa ukusebenzisa ibhetri endala kakhulu, nto leyo ke kwiminyaka engama-5 okanye ngaphezulu. Kuba impumelelo wathenga "lokomeleza", nto leyo eza kunika isiqalo-up langoku kuxhomekeka kumlinganiselo kwentlawulo kwebhetri yakho.
• Indlela ukuqala injini ayekwi ngeentsuku ezibandayo? Ukuba isiqalo senziwa engqeleni, kufuneka 'Vuka "ibhetri. Ukuze wenze oku imizuzwana embalwa, vula zemoto.
• Ukuba kukho kuneqabaka eziqatha, igcine ikhaya ibhetri ebusuku. Ngamaxesha athile ekucoceni izithuba yesiphelo phaya kwibhetri xa oxidised. Ukuze wenze oku, sebenzisa isipreyi ezizodwa okanye sandpaper ndlongondlongo.
• Khetha neoli elungileyo. Khumbula ukuba amaqondo obushushu uvikivwa, oko sikhula. Utshintsho amafutha "emhlabeni" awayi kusebenza. On imishini mileage engaphantsi kwe-100 ophosa kucetyiswa ukuba usebenzise ioli eyenziweyo okanye semi-esiyenziwe index viscosity 0W okanye 5W.
• Ngaphambi ixesha elide yokupaka engekabili ioli ukuya 100-150 mililitha zepetroli. Ngokuxuba ukuthambisa ajikeleze amafutha kunye injini ukuqala ngaphandle naziphi na iingxaki "kwi ngokucofa iqhosha lokulayita". Le nkqubo ke ukuwonakalisa injini, kodwa musa kakubi ngayo.
• Phambi kokuqala starter kancinane ubambe iqhosha kwindawo yesithathu. Ngeli thuba ixesha libe shushu kwiplagi amafutha ukuvutha ndenzele zomlilo. Njengomgaqo, imiboniso izithuthi mihla i icon kwi cluster isixhobo.
• Ukuba injini ungaqali kwimizuzwana eyi-10, vala starter. Kungenjalo ubude ukusebenza kwalo iya kubandakanya lampompoza elinqatyisiweyo ibhetri. Ngokwesiqhelo, le injini kwanele imizuzwana 1-2 ukuqala.
• Sebenzisa ANTIGEL. Kwaye bawagalele itanki phambi yokugalela amafutha ezithuthi kuyimfuneko.
• Ezibanda kakhulu iikhilomitha 1-2 yokuqala kufuneka baye ngezantya eliphantsi nesantya kuzo zonke iindawo isithuthi ukufudumala ngokufanelekileyo.

isiphelo

Ngoko ke, siye safumanisa izizathu zokuba kutheni idiesel kunzima ukuqala, "umkhuhlane" nendlela ukusombulula le ngxaki. Njengoko ubona, kwiimeko ezininzi le ngxaki awunto. Noko ke, xa kufikwa nemilomo kunxitywe okanye amavili piston wanamathela, ukulungiswa kufuneka kusala ukuba iingcali.