I-Academician Gubkin u-Ivan Mikhailovich: i-biography, impumelelo, amaxabiso kunye namaqiniso anomdla

UGubkin u-Ivan Mikhailovich (1871-1939) wayengowokuqala ukufundisisa inkqubo yokwazi nge geology eRashiya, wasungula i-geology yelizwe yeoli kunye nesayensi yesayensi. Umsebenzi wakhe oyintloko wawuyi-"Teaching on Oil," apho iingcamango eziphambili zeengcamango zemvelaphi yeoli kunye neemeko zokwakha kwazo zaphuhliswa. U-Ivan Mikhailovich Gubkin wanikela ngenjongo yokuqinisekisa ukuba kusetyenziswe imimandla entsha yeoli, kwaye kwakhokelela ekufundeni i-anomaly eKursk.

Impumelelo ebalulekileyo yenzululwazi

Intsingiselo ebalulekileyo nengqiqo inikwe umsebenzi wenzululwazi malunga nokudala isiseko seoli kwi-Volga nase-Urals. Ngasekuqaleni kwe-20-ye-XX yekhulu leminyaka, u-Ivan Mikhailovich wacebisa ukufundwa ngokuthe ngqo kwe-geology yalo mmandla. Iingcamango zakhe malunga nokubaluleka kwalo mmandla zisekelwe kwizinto zenzululwazi ezivelisa izinto eziphathelele kwisakhiwo se-geological. Kamva, i-academician yayihamba ngokuhlola i-oyile ye- geological . Ngaloo nto, ezinye iiphozithi kunye nophando lwabo uGubkin Ivan Mikhailovich wayezibandakanye ngokwazo. Umsebenzi oyintloko wenzululwazi othiwa "ummandla wase-Ural-Volzhskaya ophethe ioli" wenziwa ngokusekelwe kwintsebenzo yophando eyenziweyo. Ubonise ngokucacileyo amathuba amaninzi kunye nezakhono ezinokufunyanwa kwi-extraction yeoli kwiindawo eziboniswe ngabo.

Ngaphambi kwayo, kwimeko yokuveliswa kweoli, le ndawo yayingenasithakazelo, kwaye umsebenzi olandelayo wubaluleke kakhulu kwi-Soviet Union ngexesha lemfazwe.

UGubkin Ivan Mikhailovich: Ubomi obufutshane

UIvan Mikhailovich wazalelwa kwidolophana yasePozdnyakovo, kwintsimi yephondo laseVladimir. Uyise wayengumntu ohluphekileyo ohlala ehamba ngehambo elide ukuya eLwandle lweCaspian.

Emva kokufunda ngenkuthalo kunye nokuphumelela kwi-Seminary yaseKirizhach, u-Gubkin u-Ivan Mikhailovich wamiselwa isikhundla sikatitshala esikolweni sasemaphandleni. Ngethuba lokufunda kwakhe, le nsizwa yafumana i-scholarship, ngoko kwafuneka isebenze iminyaka emihlanu njengomfundisi wesizwe engenakwenzeka. Isiphelo sexesha elizayo lezemfundo sasizimisele ngokufumana ngengozi. Njengomhlobo womfundisi wendawo, u-Ivan wafumana iincwadi kwi-geology kwi-attic yakhe. Wayekhohliwe ngesihlobo sombingeleli, owaya eSiberia. Ngokutsho kweGubkin, ukufundwa kwiincwadi ngokuqinisekileyo "kumthintela", kumnyanzelisa ukuba anqwenele ulwazi olungakumbi kule ndawo.

Ubunzima bokungena kweliziko

Engafuni ukuyeka isigxina, u-Ivan wazama ukuqhubela phambili izifundo zakhe kwi-Mining Institute. Kodwa wayedumala, kuba imfundo yakhe eyisiseko indlela eya esikolweni yavalwa. Kwakukhona isiko lathisha eSt. Petersburg, apho waqala ukufundisisa khona.

Ngelo xesha, kwakunzima kunoma yimuphi umfana ukuba ahlale kude nobomi bentlalo ebilisayo, ngoko u-Ivan waba nxaxheba kwiinkqubo ezikhuselekileyo amalungelo okusebenza.

Emva kokuphela kwesikolo esilandelayo, le nkwenkwe yakwazi ukufumana umsebenzi njengomfundisi kwiSikolo saseSixeko saseSt. Petersburg. Emva kokuba sele esebenze apha, u-Ivan Mikhailovich Gubkin wanda phambili: wazama kwakhona ukungena eSt. Petersburg Mining Institute waza waphinde wahluleka. Ngelo xesha, umqobo waso kungabikho kwesatifikethi sokukhula, esikhutshwe kubafundi abagqibeleleyo kwizikolo zokuzivocavoca kunye nezikolo zangempela. U-Ivan wayengenalo, kuba wayengengomntu ohloniphekileyo okanye ophakathi. Akunqweneli ukuyeka, uGubkin, owayeneminyaka engama-32 ubudala, owayeseminyakeni engama-32 ubudala, waya eTarsarse Selo kwaye kunye nabafundi abatsha abaphumelele kuloo nyaka baphumelela ngokuphumelelayo iimviwo eziyimfuneko baze bafumana uxwebhu oluxabisekileyo.

Ukuphunyezwa kwamaphupha: I-Mining Institute

U-Ivan kwafuneka afunde kwi-Mining Institute iminyaka emihlanu (njengoko kwakufuneka), kodwa iminyaka emibini. Ukulibaziseka kwenzeka ngenxa yokuguqulwa ngo-1905: iingcango zeziko zivaliwe okwesikhashana. Emva kokugqitywa koqeqesho lwakhe olude uGubkin Ivan Mikhailovich kunye nediploma yikineli yezimayini yajoyina abasebenzi beKomiti yeGeological njengomnye uphando. Umsebenzi wakhe wenyuka waya kwenyuka intaba, xa usosayensi waqala ukusebenza kwiindawo zokuvelisa ioli kwiCaucasus deposits. Ngaloo mihla, ioli eveliswe apho yayingama-90% ewonke umthamo ofunyenweyo kwintsimi yaseRussia. Le yileyure yeenkwenkwezi ka-Ivan Gubkin, njengoko iitalente zakhe, ukunyamezela kunye nobuchule bebonakalisa ngokuzeleyo, ukunika iinjineli ezincinci isimo somsunguli we-petroleum geology.

Amaxesha aguqukayo

Ngethuba lovuko, u-Ivan wayese-United States njengenxalenye yemisebenzi yokufunda idilesi yeoli ye-America. Ukusuka ekuhambeni kwakhe, isayensi yabuya emva kweemeko zenguqu kwaye yaqalisa ukuthatha inxaxheba ekwakheni iinkonzo ezintsha phantsi kolawulo lwentlangano: intaba kunye ne-geological. VI ULenin wayala uGubkin ukuba abe ilungu lekomiti yekomiti ejongene nemveliso yeoli. Emva kwenkcazo, i-geologist u-Ivan Mikhailovich Gubkin, de kube yintsuku yakhe yokugqibela, eyongamele amaziko amaninzi ebalulekileyo ajongene noshishino lweoli kunye ne-geological service e-USSR.

Ukongeza kwenzululwazi, lo mntu obalaseleyo wayenexesha lokwenza imisebenzi yokuhlela. Kwiminyaka emininzi, u-Ivan wabamba le ngxelo kwiphepha le-Oil Industry, elungiselelwe nguye.

Ukufumanisa ukuvakalisa

Ukuhlala eningizimu yeRashiya, kwingingqi yaseKuban, uGubkin waqalisa ukuhlola iindawo zeoli. Njengoko kwavela, indawo yokugaya okusanhlamvu ifihle ioli kwiibilini zayo. Nangona kunjalo, kwakukho imfihlakalo engapheliyo yokuba abasebenzi bezoshishino zeoli bazama ukuyicombulula: amaqula asondeleyo aziphatha ngendlela eyahlukileyo. Abanye bavumelekile ukuvelisa inani elininzi leoli, abanye bafile ngokupheleleyo.

U-Ivan Gubkin utyhilele isizathu sokuziphatha kwezixhobo zeoli kunye nokwenza umgaqo omtsha kwisigama sesayensi yeoli. Inzululwazi yasungula ukuba kule meko abashishini bezentengiselwano babhekisana noluhlu olutsha lweefowuni ezithwala ioli. Babengekho kwindawo engqonge, njengalezo ezazifunyenwe ngaphambili, kodwa zazingingqi, oko kukuthi, ziindawo ezincinci. I-Gubkin ibiza ngokuthi "i-lace deposits".

Inzululwazi yabhala malunga nokufumanisa kwakhe amanqaku amaninzi apapashwa ngokukhawuleza eRashiya, kwaye aguqulelwa kwisiNgesi.

Imisebenzi yezemfundo ka-Ivan Gubkin

Inzululwazi yayixhalabele kakhulu malunga nokukhuliswa kwesizukulwana esitsha sabasebenzi abaqeqeshiwe. Wayekholelwa ukuba eli lizwe lincinci kakhulu kwii-geologists, kunye neengcali kwiindawo zamatye kunye neoli. Ukususela ngo-1922, i-Gubkin iminyaka eyisibhozo ihamba i-Academy Mining Academy. Wathuthukisa waza wazisa amasebe amancinci amaninzi, agxininise ekufundeni amacandelo athile enzululwazi yeoli. I-Oil Institute yaseMoscow, eyasungulwa ngo-1930, yayisekelwe ngokuchanekileyo kula masebe amatsha. Abafundi ababeya kwiziko lemfundo elitsha elitsha lenze izifundo ezizodwa kunye nezifundo ezazisungulwa kwinkqubo ngokungeniswa kuka-Ivan Gubkin.

Amaqiniso anentshisekelo esuka kwi-biografi yesibalo: isikolo esiprayimari

Ngokumalunga nemfundo ephambili ye-future academician wayenakekela unogogo wakhe, egxininisa ukuba le nkwenkwe iya esikolweni sasemaphandleni. UBawo wayengayi kunika unyana wakhe ekuqeqeshweni, kwaze kwaba yinto echaseneyo. Oku akumangalisi, kuba uGubkin Ivan Mikhailovich wayengomnye wabantwana abahlanu, kunye nabazalwana-omdala. Ukusuka kuye babelindele uncedo ekhaya. Kuyathakazelisa ukuba uVanya omncinci akazange afune ukuya kwimfundo, isikolo saye samthusa.

Ingxaki yatshitshiswa ngongenelelo luka-Grandma Fedosya, owayefuna iifom zeofisi zokwenza iincwadi, kwaye wakhonkxa ingxowa ye-Ivan ukuya esikolweni. Ukuphumelela kweGubkin ekuqondeni ikharityhulam yesikolo kuye kwabonakala kwinyanga yokuqala. Ukuthetha ngolwimi oluqhelekileyo, wayengumfundi ozukileyo. Ngenxa yoko, wayenabo bahlobo abancinci, kunye nabafundi afunda nabo beyimkhathaza, ebiza ngokuthi "umntwana wesikolo" kunye "nokugqwesa."

Iingxaki zinzima

I-Academician Gubkin u-Ivan Mikhailovich wanyanzeliswa ukuba avumele amaxesha amaninzi kunye namaxesha amaninzi aze anqobe umnqweno wemfundo ephakamileyo. Ebudeni bakhe, xa isikolo sasezidolophini sesiphelile, uyise ka-Ivan wagxininisa ukuba athathe isikhundla somabhalana okanye umnini-mthengisi. Awuyi kuyeka kwaye ufuna ukufikelela kwiziqithi zemfundo, uGubkin kodwa wangena kwi-seminary.

Kwinkqubo yoqeqesho, ekubeni ngowomnyaka wesithathu, le ndoda ibhala kwaye isasaza i-epigram enomdla malunga nomnye ofunda nabo. Ngaloo ndlela, u-Ivan wabuyisela enye yokunyelisa. Nangona kunjalo, ubuqhetseba becala ukubiza i-Gubkin ikhefu kwi-seminari yootitshala. Le meko igcinwe ngoncedo olunikezwa ngabahlobo abalungileyo bakaIvan.

Intsapho kaIvan Gubkin

Utitshala ongumfazi oselula, u-Ivan, waba ngumfundi wezonyango, uNina. Badibana nabakwaKuban kwaye kungekudala batshata. Le ntombazana yayinengqiqo kwaye yafundiswa: imfundo yakhe yezokwelapha yayisesibini kuye. Nangona kunjalo, akazange akwazi ukuwufumana, kuba unyana ozalwe nguSergei, wayefuna ukuba yonke ingqalelo.
Intsapho encinane yayifanele ibe nzima kakhulu, kuba kwakungekho lula kubo abathathu ukuba baphile ngomvuzo othobekileyo utitshala, kwaye emva kweminyaka embalwa uGalina wazalwa.

Le meko yatshintsha kuphela emva kokuqeshwa kukaGubkin kwiKomiti yeGiological, eyabangela isayensi ezininzi iindwendwe ezithembisayo waza waba ngumqalo wokuthatha umsebenzi. Kwiincwadi ezisemthethweni, bahlala bechaza umsebenzi ocebileyo owenziwa ngu-Ivan Mikhailovich Gubkin: i-biography, imemori, iindleko. Nangona kunjalo, ukuphumelela kwezobugcisa kunye nodumo kwaba yithintelo kwintsapho yolonwabo. Ukuhamba kwexesha elide, ngezinye iiinyanga eziliqela, kunye nemimandla emikhulu phakathi kwabatshatileyo abazange bathathe inxaxheba ekuqiniseni ubudlelwane.

Ukubhujiswa kwezingane ze-Academician

Usosayensi uhlale ethanda abantwana bakhe abathandekayo kuphela, bengabakhohlwa kwezohambo zabo ezide. Wayenomdla kwimpumelelo yabo, iminqweno kunye nempumelelo yabo, kwaye bahlala bethumela imali.

Ngenye yeencwadana ezininzi u-Ivan wabhalela umfazi wakhe, uthi ufuna abantwana bakhe ubomi obonwabisayo kunye nobomi. Wawulandela injongo yakhe, akazange afune uSergei noGalina ukuba banqamle iimfuno zabo baze bahlupheke, benze into abangazange bayithande.

Oonyana be-nzu lulwazi bawaphulaphula ngokupheleleyo isiluleko sikayise. USergei wayefuna ukubandakanya kwi-geology, kodwa waguqukela kwi-metallurgist kwaye waba ngumfundi.
UGalina wakhetha yena ngokwakhe umsebenzi we-balloonist, kunye nomvavanya wokuvavanya kamva.

Namhlanje ezweni lakwa-geologist elidumile phantse wonke umntu ohlalayo uyazi ukuba nguIvan Mikhailovich Gubkin. Amabhaso, apho umfundisi ehloniphekileyo ngenxa yegalelo elibaluleke kakhulu kwisayensi kunye noshishino, nguMyalelo weLenin kunye noMyalelo weBlack Banner of Labor.

Igama lakhe linikezelwa kumaziko, iilayibrari, izitalato kunye nesixeko. Endaweni apho i-Ivan Gubkin yayimile khona, ngoku i-square ekhunjulwayo. Abahlali baqhenyisa kakhulu ngokusondeza kumntu owaziwayo kwaye ofanelekileyo, bahlela ukuhamba kwiindawo ezibalulekileyo kunye neefom zeendinyana ezizinikele kuye. U-Ivan Mikhailovich Gubkin akungabazeki ukuba ngumntu obalaseleyo obani umcimbi wakhe ophumelelayo unokukhuthaza nokukhuthaza izenzo ezinesibindi zabantu abaninzi.