Giant-class inkwili "akula" Project 941: jikelele, iimpawu

inkwili Class "Shark" isekhona ingxelo undefeated USSR. Ngoxa yokuzula elizenzekelayo iintsuku 120, oko ngokulula enqumla kolwandle wenzeka yaye amandla khu zamafu Arctic kwaye betha wokukora welinye iqela eli yokukhutshwa zonke iimbumbulu imijukujelwa ballistic kwisithuba ngexesha elifutshane. Namhlanje, ukufumana ukusetyenziswa kuba awukwazi, kwaye kwizibetho zayo ayicacanga.

impendulo yethu

Omakhwapheni uhlanga zenzeka phakathi USSR ne-United States, yafunwa yi kumacala omabini lokusabela ngokwaneleyo nemingeni efanayo. Kwiminyaka engama-70 eUnited States bexhobe inqanawa kunye ukubana kweetoni 18.7 of. isantya balo iiyunithi 200, kubandakanywa izixhobo kunye noomatshini, sekwenzeke enomjukujelwa kwamanzi uqaliso nobunzulu-15 ukuya kwi-30 eemitha. Ukuphendula, inzululwazi eSoviet kunye nabezomkhosi-industrial entsonkothileyo zobunkokeli lizwe ifuna nokudalwa ubuchwepheshe ophezulu.

NgoDisemba 1972 lona iimfuno yamacebo nobugcisa ukwenza inkwili kunye cipher "Shark" kwaye inani 941. Qala yemisebenzi lokwakha uqalise isigqibo karhulumente ukuqalisa ukuphuhlisa le projekthi wabelwa ukuba enze CDB "uPhillip". Ukuphunyezwa yokucinga yoyilo eyenzekile yokuma enkulu zehlabathi - kwi "Sevmash", ngokubekwa kwenzeka ngo-1976. Ngexesha ukwakhiwa ngwenya wenziwa mpumelelo ezininzi zobugcisa, omnye wabo - indlela obuyi-kweemodyuli sokwakha ukuba kakhulu ukunciphisa ixesha lokugqitywa. Namhlanje, le ndlela isetyenziswa ngokubanzi kuzo zonke iintlobo imikhumbi, kodwa ngwenya 'akula "iklasi yaba yeyokuqala ezintweni zonke.

Ekupheleni kukaSeptemba 1980 ukusuka yokwakhela ka Severodvinsk laphehlelelwa kuLwandle White, ngwenya yokuqala 'akula "Project 941. Ngokutsho legend, elwandle okanye aye, xa isaphetha ngwenya ide uvikivwa emanzini, ngaphantsi kwamanzi lwalupayintiwe amazinyo ukrebe uyihlubile, umsila lusongelwe Ababhali. Emva ekuhleni kulo umzobo elwandle enyamalala kwamanzi kunye nelogo zange aphinde abonwe, kodwa inkumbulo yabantu, bangangxameli iimpawu nemiqondiso, ngoko nangoko wanika igama Cruiser - ". Shark" Zonke lohlobo 941 inkwili zilandelayo wafumana igama elifanayo, kunye namalungu enqanaweni iisimboli zabo ngohlobo imivumbo kwi emkhonweni elinomfanekiso ukrebe iye yaziswa. In the US Cruiser wanikwa igama "Typhoon".

design

iklasi Kwamanzi "Shark" iphenyane kubume ufana catamaran - housings ezimbini, ngamnye kubo ububanzi of 7.2 yeemitha, zicwangciswe ngaxeshanye nezinye iindawo tyaba. Eli gumbi natywinwa naqiniselwa ngaye umnqongo wolawulo ifumaneka phakathi izidumbu ezimbini, kukho remote control nobunjineli radio kwezikhali Cruiser. unit irula ephambi umkhonjana phakathi nenqanawa. Ukuba afudukele kwenye inxalenye isikhephe ukuya kwenye kungenzeka ukuba ukuguquka ezintathu. Igobhogobho yonke wayebunjwa namacandelo manzi 19.

Lweenqanawa ezintywilayo of Project 941 ( "Shark") e kulwakhiwo, ekugawuleni isiseko, ezimbini pop-ngobungxamo egumbini umthamo zonke izenzo le nqanawa. Gumbi, nto leyo likwaneklinkhi i-ofisi esembindini, ibekwe kufuphi wayesemva le Cruiser. Titanium nesingxobo iquka umzimba ezimbini engundoqo, isithuba engundoqo, igumbi inomzimba, abanye wayo athungwe intsimbi, apho ukutyabeka sonar ngokukhuselekileyo Ufihla ukususela kwiinkqubo tracking isikhephe.

amavili Front Cyber ezi kuyilo tyaba isaphetha emkhombeni. ukusika engaphandle luqiniswe kwaye mayixhotyiswe Isakhiwo esinophahla setyhula, ekwaziyo ukwahlukana eqinileyo ice kumphezulu xa osinde ezinezinga emantla.

iimpawu

Kwi uhlobo ngwenya 941 amandla efakiweyo ye-unit isizukulwana lesithathu (umthamo wabo iilitha 100,000. S.) uhlobo Block, ukufakwa ukuba exutywe phakathi zaziibloko ezimbini igobhogobho xi, ukunciphisa imilinganiselo Nei. Ngaloo loKusebenza ngcono.

Kodwa asinguye kuphela lo nyathelo wenza lweenqanawa ezintywilayo iklasi edume "Shark." Iimpawu GEM kubandakanya ezimbini Kulungile-650 enoxinzelelo reactor amanzi kunye ezimbini umphunga-uhlobo turbine. Zonke izixhobo lihlanganiselene kuye livunyelwe kuphela ukwandisa ukusebenza ngayo yonke ukusebenza ngwenya, kodwa ukunciphisa kakhulu ukungcangcazela, kwaye ngokufanelekileyo, nokuphucula ezisongwayo isandi enqanaweni. Izicwangciso zamandla zenyukliya isebenze ngokuzenzekelayo xa unikezelo ngamandla ombane.

Ukucacisa:

• Length obukhulu - 172 leemitha.
• ububanzi obukhulu - 23.3 eemitha.
• Body ukuphakama - 26 eemitha.
• Ukubana (/ amanzi kwamanzi ngasentla) - 48 tonnes / iitoni 23.2 ..
• Ukunyamezela ngaphandle ekuvezeni - iintsuku 120.
• ukuntywiliselwa ubunzulu (ubuninzi / ukusebenza) - 480 m / 400m.
• Isantya lokuqubha (ngasentla-kwamanzi / kwamanzi) - iiyunithi ezili-12 / iiyunithi 25.

izikhali

kwezikhali Main - imijukujelwa esiqinileyo ballistic "eyongeziweyo lobeko" (ubunzima umzimba - 90 m, ubude -.. 17.7 m). enomjukujelwa Uludwe 8.3 th. khilomitha, lo warhead yahlulahlulwe ezase-10, nganye eneyazo ngomthamo 100 kilotons of TNT kunye nenkqubo ukhokelo ngamnye.

Qala yonke yokugcina inkwili iimbumbulu inokuba ithamo elinye lekhefu elifutshane phakathi kweeyunithi imizili iqala. Running nezikhali ezenziwe komhlaba kunye batywiliselwe, ubunzulu ubuninzi ekuqaleni kweemitha 55. iimpawu Uyilo emthethweni ekuthethwa ngawo enomjukujelwa-24, emva koko iiyunithi-20.

iimpawu

Lweenqanawa ezintywilayo of Project 941 "akula" zixhotyiswe ngesityalo ngamandla ezibandakanya iiyunithi ezimbini, ezahlulwe kwizihlomelo ezahlukeneyo ukholosile enqatyisiweyo. zamandla bakwazi ukulandelela izixhobo ukubetha, inkqubo impendulo ezenzekelayo kwi ilahleko incinane amandla.

Xa ukhupha umsebenzi xa uyile yimfuneko kwaba ngesikhephe yokhuseleko kunye nabasebenzi, ebizwa ngokuba yi-ukhuseleko radius, leyo ibalwa indlela amandla enezinto zingqinwe ngokomfuniselo izindlu (ezimbini ipop up-imodyuli attachment isingxobo, housings nokuhlangana kunye t. D.) .

Class inkwili "Shark" yakhiwa kwi "Sevmash", apho ngokukodwa lwehlabathi inkulu esele ilungisiwe wadala ukuba boathouse yakhe ngaphakathi, okanye inombolo ivenkile 55. Ithunyelwa yeprojekthi 941 luphawulwa ngokwanda ukubagcina - ngaphezu kwe-40%. Ukuba isikhephe ekulo ngokupheleleyo, zokulinganisa wayo kufuneka ibe sisiqingatha ukubana yayo, kutheni kukho igama yesibini - "umthuthi yamanzi". Isigqibo kwi uyilo onjalo wenziwa ngeliso kude-obanzi - ukwenza ukulungisa kunye nokugcina othintelo kuya kufunwa kwi piers ezikhoyo kunye nokulungiswa mveliso.

Le ukubagcina efanayo iqinisekisa nokusinda yenqanawa ezinezinga emantla, apho ufuna ukungena iqweqwe ice zamafu. Lweenqanawa ezintywilayo "Shark" Project 941 ukumelana engqongqo kwipali iimeko emantla, apho ice ubukhulu ifikelela 2.5 m kunye ezihamba ice kunye ice emikhulu influxes. ukukwazi ukuvula i ice ububanzi uye wabonisa ngazo practice.

comfort crew

Eli qela of inkwili ezalisiweyo becala kunye namagosa, amagosa yesigunyaziso. Amagosa Senior bahlal ezingontsini ezimbini-and-ebhedini ezine mayixhotyiswe TV, yokuhlamba sokuhlambela, air conditioning, wardrobes, iidesika njalo njalo.

Oomatiloshe kunye namagosa abasezantsi ezifunyenweyo kwi kulahlwe bekhululekile Kubrick. iimeko ngwenya eliphilisayo ngaphezu bekhululekile, kuphela iinqanawa kule besigaba exhobele iholo imisebenzi ezemidlalo, iindawo zokuqubha, solarium kunye yokugquma. Ukuze ukuba bahlukane kude leyinene kakhulu kwiphulo elide, ummandla ophilileyo sele yenziwe.

wabeka up

Ukutyhubela lonke ixesha zolwakhiwo lweenqanawa ezintywilayo lohlobo 941 ukuba yamkelwa cruisers Navy ezintandathu:

• "NguDmitry Donskoy" (TK - 208). Yamkelwa ngoDisemba 1981, emva izinga yaqala kwakhona ukuba baqhube iinkonzo ngoJulayi 2002.
• TK-202. Ndifike ekhaya izibuko wazibeka inkonzo ngoDisemba 1983. Ngo-2005, isikhitshana isikwe ezilahliweyo metal.
• "Simbirsk" (FC-12). Yamkelwa e Northern Fleet ngoJanuwari 1985. Kuye ilahlwe ngo-2005.
• TK-13. Le Cruiser ibithe yaqeshwa ngoDisemba 1985. Ngo-2009, lo mzimba uthathe yenkcenkce inkwili (zamandla block shestiotsechny) ziye zaguqulelwa yokugcina ixesha elide kwi-Kola Peninsula.
• "Arkhangelsk" (FC-17). Umhla kuba Navy - Novemba 1987. Ngenxa yokungabikho emthethweni ukususela ngo-2006, yaxoxa umba nokusetyenziswa.
• "Severstal" (FC-20). Eyabelwe inani Navy ngoSeptemba 1989. Ngo-2004 waya reserve ngenxa yokungabikho Ammo, uNdlunkulu kulahlwa.
• TK-210. ukwakhiwa kwezindlu Bookmark kungqamane ukudilizwa inkqubo yoqoqosho. Waphelelwa mali yaye sachithwa ngo-1990.

Nuclear inkwili "akula" besigaba ziqukaniswe ngaphantsi kwisahlulo omnye, nto leyo isebenza njengesiseko Abantu Western (kummandla Murmansk). Reconstruction Nerpichiya Bay sagqitywa ngowe-1981. Kuba uhlobo 941 cruisers bebexhotyiswa umgca mooring ekhaya, piers kunye neempawu ezizodwa, wakha nendwe ekhethekileyo iitoni ezingama-125 kulayishwa ezivuthayo (hayi wathuma).

karhulumente yangoku

Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, zonke ezikhoyo zenyukliya inkwili "akula" iklasi ibekwe kwizibuko lobhaliso ngendlela agcinwe, wagqiba nakwizibetho zabo. Ngwenya "nguDmitry Donskoy" zaphuculwa yi izixhobo ofanelekileyo "Bulava". Ngokutsho iingxelo eendaba, kwacetywa ukuba ukulahla izinto ezingaqhubi kakuhle ngo-2016. Izithuba ekuphunyezweni kwesicwangciso wayengekho.

inkwili Giant Project 941 "akula", lo gama izixhobo ezizodwa, le Cruiser kuphela, banokukwazi ukulwa umsebenzi kwi Arctic. Sekukancinane anihlasele kwi anti-ngwenya, ibekwe kwi US izikhali. Kwakhona, akukho namnye okunamandla utshaba akukho iindlela zobugcisa ukubona moya Cruiser phantsi ngumkhenkce.